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The self-diffusion of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene in polystyrene have been analyzed using the Vrentas/Duda free-volume diffusion model. Diffusion coefficient predictions suggest an exponential concentration dependence of the activation energy required to overcome attractive forces, E. Without the use of any diffusion data approximating E as zero over the entire concentration range yields self-diffusion coefficient predictions which are in good agreement with experimental data. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
114.
Previous work carried out in our laboratories has focused on the formation and investigation of a dextran and concanavalin A (con A) based gel, which has the ability to alter its conformational structure in the presence and absence of free and terminal glucoses such that a gel–sol phase transition occurs. Here we report the diffusion and rheological investigations in to the effects of the addition of insulin and varyingconcentrations of magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Mg2Cl26H2O) at 20 and 37 °C. Rheological examination of glucose-sensitive (dextran-con A) gels were conducted using a cone and plate viscometer used in continual rotation and oscillatory modes. The results are interpreted in terms of the structure of the gel network and suggest rheological assessment provides an effective method of assessing the properties of gel systems. The subsequent testing of such formulations in in-vitro diffusion experiments revealed a reduction in the rate of diffusivity in the insulin marker, poly R-478 dye. The performance of this self-regulating drug delivery system has been examined and the addition of insulin and magnesium chloride may alter the way in which the gel operates as a drug delivery device and in the delivery of insulin. This may have implications for other ligands. 相似文献
115.
Jürgen Kurths M. Carmen Romano Marco Thiel Grigory V. Osipov Mikhail V. Ivanchenko István Z. Kiss John L. Hudson 《Nonlinear dynamics》2006,44(1-4):135-149
We present two different approaches to detect and quantify phase synchronization in the case of coupled non-phase coherent
oscillators. The first one is based on the general idea of curvature of an arbitrary curve. The second one is based on recurrences
of the trajectory in phase space. We illustrate both methods in the paradigmatic example of the R?ssler system in the funnel
regime. We show that the second method is applicable even in the case of noisy data. Furthermore, we extend the second approach
to the application of chains of coupled systems, which allows us to detect easily clusters of synchronized oscillators. In
order to illustrate the applicability of this approach, we show the results of the algorithm applied to experimental data
from a population of 64 electrochemical oscillators. 相似文献
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Thomas J. Cloonan Gaylord W. Richards Anthony L. Lentine Frederick B. McCormick John R. Erickson 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》1992,24(4):S415-S442
Free-space optical implementations of switching networks have been proposed to circumvent many of the system-level problems that may be encountered in systems that require many high-density, high-bandwidth connections. The details of a new class of switching network (the EGS network), that is well-suited to free-space implementations, is described. The common control injection problem that plagues most free-space photonic networks, i.e. how can control information from an electronic source be injected into the network for applications that require relatively high network reconfiguration rates, is examined. A new technique for control injection, called embedded control, which permits network operation even with relatively high network reconfiguration rates is also proposed. 相似文献
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One of the main methods for solving stochastic programs is approximation by discretizing the probability distribution. However, discretization may lose differentiability of expectational functionals. The complexity of discrete approximation schemes also increases exponentially as the dimension of the random vector increases. On the other hand, stochastic methods can solve stochastic programs with larger dimensions but their convergence is in the sense of probability one. In this paper, we study the differentiability property of stochastic two-stage programs and discuss continuous approximation methods for stochastic programs. We present several ways to calculate and estimate this derivative. We then design several continuous approximation schemes and study their convergence behavior and implementation. The methods include several types of truncation approximation, lower dimensional approximation and limited basis approximation.His work is supported by Office of Naval Research Grant N0014-86-K-0628 and the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-8815101 and DDM-9215921.His work is supported by the Australian Research Council. 相似文献
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