Recent advances in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics and their applications

The abuse of antibiotics will cause an increase of drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution,which in turn will affect human health.Therefore,it is important to develop effective detection techniques to determine the level of antibiotics contamination in various fields.Compared with traditional detection methods,electrochemical sensors have received extensive attention due to their advantages such as high sensitivity,low detection limit,and good selectivity.In this mini review,we summarized the latest developments and new trends in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics.Here,modification methods and materials of electrode are discussed.We also pay more attention to the practical applications of antibiotics electrochemical sensors in different fields.In addition,the existing problems and the future challenges ahead have been proposed.We hope that this review can provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical sensors for antibiotics in the future.     

Zwitterionic comb-like lipid polymers encapsulating linalool for increasing the fragrance retention time

Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics,apparel and detergents.However,the rapid evaporation of the aro ma shortens the useful life of the aromatic product.Therefore,improving the fragrance retention time of aromatic products and prolonging the service life of aromatic products are the key scientific problems that need to be solved in current aromatic products.In this study,zwitterionic comb-like lipid polymers were synthesized to encapsulate the fragrance molecule linalool.The results showed that the zwitterionic comb lipid molecules were capable of encapsulating more linalool than linear lipid molecules.At the same time,the zwitterionic comb-like lipid molecules also limited the slow release rate of the aroma,thereby increasing the fragrance retention time of the nano-fragrance.     

Cobalt and nitrogen atoms co-doped porous carbon for advanced electrical double-layer capacitors

Electrical double-laye r capacitors are widely concerned fo r their high power density,long cycling life and high cycling efficiency.However,their wide application is limited by their low energy density.In this study,we propose a simple yet environmental friendly method to synthesize cobalt and nitrogen atoms co-doped porous carbon(CoAT-NC) material.Cobalt atoms connected with primarily pyridinic nitrogen atoms can be uniformly dispersed in the amorphous carbon matrix,which is benefit for improving electrical conductivity and density of states of the carbon material.Therefore,an enhanced perfo rmance is expected when CoAT-NC is served as electrode in a supercapacitor device.CoAT-NC displays a good gravimetric capacitance of 160 F/g at 0.5 A/g combing with outstanding capacitance retention of 90% at an extremely high current density of 100 A/g in acid electrolyte.Furthermore,a good energy density of30 Wh/kg can be obtained in the organic electrolyte.     

Recent advances in the applications of [1.1.1]propellane in organic synthesis

As a highly strained small molecule, [1.1.1]propellane has been widely used in various synthetic transformations owing to the exceptional reactivity of the central bond between the two bridgehead carbons. Utilizing strain-release approaches, the rapid development of strategies for the construction of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) and cyclobutane derivatives using [1.1.1]propellane as the starting material has been witnessed in the past few years. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in this field. Accordingly, the reactivity of [1.1.1]propellane can be divided into three pathways, including radical, anionic and transition metal-catalyzed pathways under appropriate conditions.     

Cationic and temperature-sensitive liposomes loaded with eugenol for the application to silk

Silk has been widely used in the clothing industry due to their soft and smooth features, good biocompatibility, good heat dissipation, warmth and ultraviolet resistance. The application of fragrance to silk can significantly improve the performance of silk. However, there are two key scientific problems that need to be solved: slowing down the release rate of fragrances and increasing the scent lasting time of silk. In this study, cationic and temperature-sensitive liposomes were designed and prepared to encapsulate eugenol. These fragrance-loaded liposomes significantly slowed down the release rate of the fragrance and controlled the release rate of the fragrance in a thermo-sensitive manner. The liposomes adhered to the silk through electrostatic adsorption interaction. The positive charge on the fragrance-loaded liposomes neutralized much negative charge on silk and thereby increasing the adhesion efficiency.     

Synthetic studies towards(-)-deserpidine:Total synthesis of the stereoisomer and derivative of (-)-deserpidine

The asymmetric synthesis of 16,17,20-epi-deserpidine and a derivative of(-)-deserpidine has been achieved.Key feature s in the assembly of the pentacyclic framework include a visible-light photocatalytic intra-/inter-/intramolecular radical cascade reaction to construct the tetracyclic ABCD ring system in one-pot and an intramolecularaldol reaction to forge the cyclohexane E ring.     

Effect of poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane modification on adjusting mechanical properties of bamboo flour‐reinforced HDPE composites

Cellulose - Poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane (PMHS) was applied for hydrophobic modification of bamboo flour (BF) at room temperature based on the dehydrogenation between hydroxyl groups of BF and...     

NiFe2O4对刚果红的光催化降解性能研究

采用水热法合成了尖晶石型NiFe₂O₄,并利用X射线粉末衍射仪对其物相进行了表征,利用紫外-可见分光光度计对其光催化降解刚果红的性能进行了研究。以刚果红为光催化降解底物,探究了刚果红初始浓度、催化剂用量、溶液pH、不同光源等因素对NiFe₂O₄光催化降解刚果红活性的影响。结果表明,当刚果红溶液浓度为20 mg/L、催化剂NiFe₂O₄的用量为0.065 g、pH 2~10、在太阳光下照射480 min时,刚果红的降解率高达99%以上,催化剂性能稳定,适合处理刚果红类有机污染物。     

双功能改性的T型分子筛膜用于有机溶剂脱水

将3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）引入到T型分子筛膜表面,用以修饰多晶膜合成过程中产生的缺陷。X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和FT-IR等方法的表征结果显示,APTES通过“键合”的形式被成功地修饰到膜表面上。APTES层起到2个作用：一是提高膜的亲水性;二是减少膜层的缺陷。将修饰后的膜应用在348 K、90%的异丙醇水溶液的脱水时,该膜表现出比较高的分离因子和通量。该方法重复性良好,5个修饰后的膜样品的选择性平均增加了大约8倍（从359±23增加到2 934±183）,而渗透通量仅仅从（3.52±0.10） kg·m^-2·h^-1降低到（3.06±0.14） kg·m^-2·h^-1（减少13.07%）。在363 K下,修饰的膜经过100 h的连续测试,膜渗透测得的水含量均可达到99.50%以上,表明修饰后的膜性能较稳定。     

The progress and perspective of strategies to improve tumor penetration of nanomedicines

Tumor penetration is important fo r effectively tumor targeting drug delivery.Recently,many researches are published to overcome the barriers that restrict tumor penetration and improve drug delivery efficiency.In the mini review,we first analyzed the barriers influence the tumor penetration,including tumor microenvironment barriers,nanoparticle properties,and interaction barriers between tumor and nanoparticles.To overcome the barrier,several strategies are developed,including modulating tumor microenvironment,changing particle size,transcytosis enabled tumor penetration,cell penetrating peptide modification and overcoming binding site barrier,which could effectively improve tumor penetration,and finally enhance tumor treatment outcome.