Aqua­(phthalocyaninato)magnesium n‐propyl­amine disolvate

The crystals of the title compound, [Mg(C₃₂H₁₆N₈)(H₂O)]·2C₃H₉N, are built up from MgPc(H₂O) [Pc is phthalo­cyaninate(2−)] and n‐propyl­amine mol­ecules that inter­act via O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The MgPc(H₂O) mol­ecule is non‐planar. The central Mg atom is coordinated by the four equatorial isoindole N atoms of the Pc ring system and by the O atom of an axial water mol­ecule. The Mg atom is displaced by 0.509 (1) Å from the N₄ plane towards the water O atom. MgPc(H₂O)·2(n‐propyl­amine) mol­ecules related by the inversion centre are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a dimeric aggregate.     

Convex ordering criteria for Lévy processes

Modelling financial and insurance time series with Lévy processes or with exponential Lévy processes is a relevant actual practice and an active area of research. It allows qualitatively and quantitatively good adaptation to the empirical statistical properties of asset returns. Due to model incompleteness it is a problem of considerable interest to determine the dependence of option prices in these models on the choice of pricing measures and to establish nontrivial price bounds. In this paper we review and extend ordering results of stochastic and convex type for this class of models. We also extend the ordering results to processes with independent increments (PII) and present several examples and applications as to α-stable processes, NIG-processes, GH-distributions, and others. Criteria are given for the Lévy measures which imply corresponding comparison results for European type options in (exponential) Lévy models.     

Solving the Gleason problem on linearly convex domains

Let be a bounded, connected linearly convex set in with boundary. We show that the maximal ideal (both in ) and ) consisting of all functions vanishing at is generated by the coordinate functions . Received: 2 July 2001; in final form: 26 September 2001 / Published online: 28 February 2002     

A multivalued version of Sharkovskiĭ’s theorem holds with at most two exceptions

A multivalued version of Sharkovskiĭ’s theorem is formulated for M-maps on linear continua and, more generally, for triangular M-maps on a Cartesian product of linear continua. This improves the main result of [AP1] in the sense that our multivalued analogue holds with at most two exceptions. A further specification requires some additional restrictions. For instance, 3- orbits of m-maps imply the existence of k-orbits for all k ? \mathbbNk \in {\mathbb{N}} , except possibly for k ?k \in {4, 6}. It is also shown that, on every connected linearly ordered topological space, an M-map with orbits of all periods can always be constructed. This demonstrates that Baldwin’s classification of linear continua in terms of admissible periods [Ba] is useless for multivalued maps.     

An engine breaking the ΩEP-property

We present a construction which shows that some special continua do not have the nonwandering-eventually-periodic property. The construction applies e.g. to the topologist's sin curve and to the harmonic fan.     

Traces of functions with a dominating mixed derivative in ℝ<Superscript>3</Superscript>

We investigate traces of functions, belonging to a class of functions with dominating mixed smoothness in ℝ³, with respect to planes in oblique position. In comparison with the classical theory for isotropic spaces a few new phenomenona occur. We shall present two different approaches. One is based on the use of the Fourier transform and restricted to p = 2. The other one is applicable in the general case of Besov-Lizorkin-Triebel spaces and based on atomic decompositions.