Ermittlung der analysenfrequenz bei diskontinuierlicher prozessanalytischen verfahren: Establishment of the frequency of analysis for discontinuous measurements in process control

Establishment of the frequency of analysis for discontinuous measurements in process control.Application of sampling theory to industrial chemical processes involves special problems arising from the peculiarities of the processes and of the analytical work. Apart from in the process itself, it is necessary to consider the statistical error of the correlation function caused by the finite length of the observed signal. Knowledge of the correlation time of the stochastic signal makes it possible to estimate the optimal time-difference between two analyses, depending on the variance of the process and the allowed analytical tolerance.     

Fast quantification of water in single living cells by near-infrared microscopy

We have set up a near-infrared microscope using a tuneable diode laser in the range from 1530 to 1570 nm. This spectral range is close to the peak of the water overtone absorption. We used this new microscope to study liver cells, hepatocytes, showing that quantitative information of the intracellular water concentration in living cells can be extracted.     

The bioequivalence study of baclofen and lioresal tablets using capillary electrophoresis

A simple and robust analytical method for rapid separation and sensitive quantification of baclofen in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis technique was developed. Electrophoretic separation was optimized and successfully performed using simple sodium tetraborate aqueous solution. Observed detection limit in biological material was 10 ng. Using UV detection at 200 nm excellent linearity (r = 0.999) was observed over the concentration range from 0.025 to 1.0 microg mL(-1). The described method has been validated and applied to the quantitative determination of baclofen in human plasma. The bioavailability of Baclofen (Polpharma) and Lioresal (Novartis) in 18 healthy volunteers was investigated. The results indicate bioequivalence of the reference and Baclofen preparations.     

Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.) Extract vs. Synthetic Surfactants—Effect on Skin-Mimetic Models

Our skin is continuously exposed to different amphiphilic substances capable of interaction with its lipids and proteins. We describe the effect of a saponin-rich soapwort extract and of four commonly employed synthetic surfactants: sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) on different human skin models. Two human skin cell lines were employed: normal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human melanoma cells (A375). The liposomes consisting of a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixture in a molar ratio of 7:3, mimicking the cell membrane of keratinocytes and melanoma cells were employed as the second model. Using dynamic light scattering (DLS), the particle size distribution of liposomes was analyzed before and after contact with the tested (bio)surfactants. The results, supplemented by the protein solubilization tests (albumin denaturation test, zein test) and oil emulsification capacity (using olive oil and engine oil), showed that the soapwort extract affects the skin models to a clearly different extent than any of the tested synthetic surfactants. Its protein and lipid solubilizing potential are much smaller than for the three anionic surfactants (SLS, ALS, SLES). In terms of protein solubilization potential, the soapwort extract is comparable to CAPB, which, however, is much harsher to lipids.     

Superparamagnetic iron oxide/oleic acid nanoparticles with immobilized organosilicon derivatives of N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)tetrahydroisoquinoline: synthesis,morphology and interaction with normal and tumour cells

Superparamagnetic iron oxide/oleic acid nanoparticles bearing lipid‐like organosilicon N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives have been synthesized with the aim of their potential biomedical application. X‐ray diffraction analysis, Dynamic light‐scattering measurements, method of magnetogranulometry and some others have been employed to investigate the morphology and properties of the nanoparticles synthesized. The magnetic core diameter of mixed covered nanoparticles ranged between 4.8 and 9.6 nm. The magnetization analyses showed that the particles are superparamagnetic at room temperature. In vitro cell cytotoxicity and intracellular NO generation caused by the water magnetic solution of nanoparticles possessing cytotoxic organosilicon heterocyclic choline analogue, namely N‐(2‐dimethyl‐n‐hexadecylsiloxyethyl)‐N‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolinium iodide, was examined in relation to monolayer human fibrosarcoma (HT‐1080) and mouse hepatoma (MG‐22A) tumour cell lines and normal mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). The biological studies have revealed its selective cytotoxicity in tumour cells and strong effect on MG‐22A cell morphology. Incorporation of the synthesized nanoparticles into cells was observed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.