钼酸镍铵的环保合成及其对二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫反应性能

日益苛刻的环保法规对柴油中的硫含量提出了更高的要求,而非负载型加氢脱硫催化剂具有较高的催化反应活性,其研发及应用不仅具有理论研究价值,同时还具有较高的社会经济性.非负载型加氢脱硫催化剂中的典型代表即为Nebula催化剂,该催化剂可以在不更改原有装置的前提下,使得原始设计生产硫含量为500 μg/g的装置得以生产硫含量不高于10 μg/g的超低硫柴油.已有的文献报道中,非负载型加氢脱硫催化剂前驱体主要是通过水热反应法及化学沉淀法制备而成.这两种方法以水为溶剂,溶剂水的量远远高于反应原料的添加量,因此,这两种方法不仅产生大量含有重金属离子的污水,同时能量及沉淀剂的消耗较高,最终导致产品的收率较低,原子经济性较差.为了更加环保、可持续地生产非负载型加氢脱硫催化剂前驱体,本文报道了一种以加水辅助研磨、固相反应法合成非负载型加氢脱硫催化剂前驱体钼酸镍铵((NH4)HNi2(OH)2(MoO4)2),并且揭示了其形成机理.相较于传统的水热反应法和化学沉淀法,我们提出的固相反应法使合成过程明显简化,主要步骤包括原料的物理混合、添加少量水进行研磨及加热.通过X射线衍射、红外光谱及拉曼光谱研究了钼酸镍铵的形成机理.结果表明,在钼酸镍铵的形成过程中,钼酸铵分子中的一个Mo原子被Ni原子取代形成了一种介稳态中间物种((NH4)4(NiH6Mo6O24)· 5H2O),而在120℃下处理不仅可以移除加入的少量水,而且促进了钼酸镍铵的形成.揭示钼酸镍铵的形成机理对于后续的研究具有重要的意义,因为可以更有针对性的调节、优化制备方法或者引入其它溶剂,从而制备具有某些特定性质的钼酸镍铵类物质.通过这种固相反应法制备的钼酸镍铵,具有与化学沉淀法制备的样品几乎相同的物理化学性质,包括物相、热稳定性能、孔结构性质等.不添加任何组分,将钼酸镍铵前驱体直接压片,并在固定床高压微型反应装置中进行原位硫化,制备了硫化态非负载型加氢脱硫催化剂.以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物,考察了通过化学沉淀法和固相反应法制备的两种钼酸镍铵前驱体的加氢脱硫反应活性.虽然这两种制备方法有所区别,但是硫化态非负载型加氢脱硫催化剂中活性组分二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米颗粒具有相似的堆积层数和片层长度,同时对二苯并噻吩的转化频率(TOF)相近,分别为28×10-4s(固相反应法)和26×10-4 s(化学沉淀法).因此,与传统的水热反应法或化学沉淀法相比,该法具有简化合成过程、降低水及能源的消耗及提高产品的收率等明显的优势.对于大规模地合成钼酸镍铵并用于工业加氢脱硫反应装置中具有重要的意义.与此同时,这种少量水辅助研磨固相反应法可以扩展到钼酸镍铵同晶物质的合成,例如钼酸钴(锌、铜)铵.     

Determination of critical chain project buffer based on information flow interactions

It has been well accepted in the literature that co-dependency between project activity durations is caused by resource tightness and network complexity. However, we show that information flow interaction between activities is the key factor for it. Based on whether there exist spliced relationships between activities, we introduce the concept of rework safety time. We propose a method to compute the rework safety time using the information output and input time factors, rework probability matrix, and rework impact matrix. We achieve the optimization of the critical chain sequencing via the design structure matrix so that the dependency between activities is reduced. The project buffer is then determined by the tail concentration method based on the optimized chain. The empirical results show that, as opposed to the traditional RSEM method, our approach improves the project buffer consumption rate, shortens project duration, reduces project cost, and increases project on-time completion rate.     

未系安全带智能识别中安全带定位关键方法研究

安全带定位是实现机动车未系安全带智能识别的关键。针对道路监控图像特点,提出一种基于梯度变换的安全带定位方法。该方法在对卡口图像进行预处理的基础上,采用自适应阈值边缘检测算法以及积分投影方式定位车辆位置,设立车牌检测区域,以减少运算量,降低干扰,同时利用训练得到的Haar分类器识别车牌位置,通过逼近方式切取车辆右侧图像。最后采用梯度变换算法求得车窗各边缘坐标,实现车窗精准定位,并计算得到安全带位置。试验表明,该方法可实现安全带的准确定位,具有较好的实用性,为后续安全带识别奠定基础。     

Adsorption of a statherin peptide fragment on the surface of nanocrystallites of hydroxyapatite

Statherin is an active inhibitor of calcium phosphate precipitation in the oral cavity. For many studies of the interaction between statherin and hydroxyapatite (HAp), the samples are prepared by a direct mixing of statherin or its fragment with well-crystalline HAp crystals. In this work, the HAp sample is precipitated in the presence of peptide fragment derived from the N-terminal 15 amino acids of statherin (SN-15). The in situ prepared HAp crystallites are nanosized, leading to a significant increase of the peptide amount adsorbed on the HAp surface. The enhancement in NMR sensitivity allows, for the first time, the measurement of a two-dimensional 13C-13C correlation spectrum for a 13C uniformly labeled peptide sample adsorbed on mineral surface. The measurement time is about 18.5 h at a field strength of 7.05 T. Preliminary results suggest that there may exist two different mechanisms for the interaction between SN-15 and HAp. In addition to the one which will cause a conformational change near the N-terminal, SN-15 may also be absorbed on the HAp surface by simple electrostatic interaction, without any significant conformational changes of the peptides.     

Calix[4]pyrrole-based Crosslinked Polymer Networks for Highly Effective Iodine Adsorption from Water

A series of calix[4]pyrrole-based crosslinked polymer networks designed for iodine capture is reported. These materials were prepared by Sonogashira coupling of α,α,α,α-tetra(4-alkynylphenyl)calix[4]pyrrole with bishalide building blocks with different electronic properties and molecular sizes. Despite their low Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas, iodine vapor adsorption capacities of up to 3.38 g g^?1 were seen, a finding ascribed to the presence of a large number of effective sorption sites including macrocyclic π-rich cavities, aryl units, and alkyne groups within the material. One particular system, C[4]P-BTP , was found to be highly effective at iodine capture from water (uptake capacity of 3.24 g g^?1 from a concentrated aqueous KI/I₂ solution at ambient temperature). Fast capture kinetics (k_obs=7.814 g g^?1 min^?1) were seen. Flow-through adsorption experiments revealed that C[4]P-BTP is able to remove 93.2 % of iodine from an aqueous source phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min^?1.     

桥连氧化钨纳米线的可控合成及气敏性质

The rapid development of industrialization has resulted in severe environmental problems. A comprehensive assessment of air quality is urgently required all around the world. Among various technologies used in gas molecule detection, including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy (MS), electrochemical sensors, and metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, MOS gas sensors possess the advantages of small dimension, low power consumption, high sensitivity, low production cost, and excellent silicon chip compatibility. MOS sensors hold great promise for future Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, which will have a profound impact on indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring. The development of nanotechnology has significantly enhanced the development of MOS gas sensors. Among various nanostructures like nanoparticles, nanosheets and nanowires, the emergence of quasi-one-dimensional (q1D) nanowires/nanorods/nanofibers, with unique q1D geometry (facilitating fast carrier transport) and large surface-to-volume ratio, potentially act as ideal sensing channels for MOS sensors with extremely small dimension, and good stability and sensitivity. These structures have thus been the focus of extensive research. Among the various MOS nanomaterials available, tungsten oxide (WO_3-x, 0 ≤ x < 1) nanowires feature the characteristic properties (multiple oxidation states, rich substoichiometric oxides with distinct properties, photo/electrochromism, (photo)catalytic properties, etc.), and unique q1D geometry (single-crystalline pathway for fast carrier transport, large surface-to-volume ratio, etc.). WO_3-x nanowires have broad applications in smart windows, energy conversation & storage, and gas sensing devices, and have thus become a focus of attention. In this paper, the fundamental properties of tungsten oxide, synthesis methods and growth mechanism of tungsten oxide nanowires are reviewed. Among various (vapor-liquid-solid (VLS), vapor-solid (VS) and thermal oxidation) growth methods, the thermal oxidation method enables an in situ integration of WO_3-x nanowires on predefined electrodes (so-called bridged nanowire devices) via the oxidation of lithographically patterned W film at relatively low growth temperature (~500 ℃) because of interfacial strain, defects and oxygen on the surface of the W film. The novel bridged nanowire-based sensor devices outperform traditional lateral nanowire devices in terms of larger exposure area, low power consumption via self-heating, and greater convenience in device processing. Recent progress in bridged WO_3-x nanowire devices and sensitive NO_x molecule detection under low power consumption have also been reviewed. Power consumption of as low as a few milliwatts was achieved, and the detection limit of NO₂ was reduced to 0.3 ppb (1 ppb = 1 × 10^-9, volume fraction). In situ formed bridged WO_3-x nanowire devices potentially satisfy the strict requirements of IoT sensors (small dimension, low power consumption, high integration, low cost, high sensitivity, and selectivity), and hold great promises for future IoT sensors.     

Hollow Fiber-Solid Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environment Water Followed by Flash Evaporation GC/MS

Chromatographia - A solid phase microextraction coupled with flash evaporation GC/MS technique was developed for the quantitative determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water...     

MOFs基材料高级氧化除菌

环境中的病原微生物对人类的健康造成了较大的威胁,传统抗菌剂不足以满足当今人类的需求,因此开发新型高效抗菌剂是目前重要的研究领域。由于具有较大的孔隙度、丰富的表面电荷、周期性分散的金属团簇和活性位点,金属有机框架(MOFs)基材料不仅能够通过可控地缓释金属离子实现除菌,还能通过光催化、活化过硫酸盐、类Fenton反应、电催化等高级氧化过程对细菌产生高效杀灭效果。本文系统总结了具有高级氧化除菌性能的MOFs材料及其复合物、衍生物和宏观器件的研究进展,对MOFs基材料的设计理念、抗菌性能和机理进行了讨论。最后提出了MOFs基材料在除菌领域所面对的挑战,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Development and validation of a new 18 X-STR typing assay for forensic applications

With a unique inheritance pattern compared to autosomal short tandem repeats (A-STRs), X chromosomal STRs (X-STRs) have special usage in forensic relationship testing. In this study, we designed a multiplex amplification system (named TYPER-X19 multiplex assay) consisting of 18 STR loci spreading from 7.837 to 149.460 Mb on the X chromosomes (DXS9895, DXS8378, DXS9902, DXS6810, DXS7132, DXS10079, DXS6789, DXS7424, DXS101, DXS6797, DXS7133, DXS6804, GATA165B12, DXS10103, HPRTB, GATA31E08, DXS8377, and DXS7423), and the amelogenin. PCR primers were marked with four kinds of fluorophores including FAM, HEX, TAMRA, and ROX. The multiplex system was optimized and tested for precision, concordance, reproducibility, sensitivity, stability, DNA mixture, and species specificity according to the conventional validation guidelines. The results indicated that the system was accurate, reliable, and sensitive enough, and was suitable for common forensic case-type samples. In the population genetic study, a total of 148 alleles were detected at the 18 X-STR loci in 398 Southern Han Chinese. Relatively high combined power of discrimination in male (PD_m), power of discrimination in female (PD_f), mean paternity exclusion chance in trios (MEC_trio), and mean paternity exclusion chance in duos (MEC_Duo) by Desmarais were detected, and HPRTB-DXS10103 was in linkage disequilibrium. The results suggested that the TYPER-X19 multiplex assay was suitable for forensic applications.