Generation,direct observation,and kinetics of triplet 9-(1,1,4,4,5,5,8,8-octamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro- anthryl)phenylcarbene

[structure: see text] Reactivities of the title triplet carbene were compared with those of the "untied" counterpart, [2,4,6-tris(tert)butylphenyl](phenyl)carbene. An appreciable increase in the stability of triplet carbene is noted by tuning the distance between the o-hydrogen and the carbene center.     

On the spectral radius of the Jacobi iteration matrix for a rectangular region with two different media

The spectral radius of the Jacobi iteration matrix plays an important role to estimate the optimum relaxation factor, when the successive overrelaxation (SOR) method is used for solving a linear system. The specific systems are finite difference forms of the Laplace equation satisfied on a rectanglar region with two different media. Though the potential function for the inhomogeneous closed region is continuous, the first order derivative is not continuous. So this requires internal boundary conditions or interface conditions. In this paper, the spectral radius of the Jacobi iteration matrix for the inhomogeneous rectangular region is formulated and the approximation for the explicit formula, suitable for the computation of the spectral radius, is deduced. It is also found by the proposed formula that the spectral radius and the optimum relaxation factor rigorously depend on the inhomogeneity or the internal boundary conditions in the closed region, and especially vary with the position of the internal boundary. These findings are also confirmed by the numerical results of the power method.The stationary iterative method using the proposed formula for calculating estimates of the spectral radius of the Jacobi iteration matrix is compared with Carré's method, Kulstrud's method and the stationary iterative method using Frankel's theoretical formula, all for the case of some numerical models with two different media. According to the results our stationary iterative method gives the best results ffor the estimate of the spectral radius of the Jacobi iteration matrix, for the required number of iterations to calculate solutions, and for the accuracy of the solutions.As a numerical example the microstrip transmission line is taken, the propating mode of which can be approximated by a TEM mode. The cross section includes inhomogeneous media and a strip conductor. Upper and lower bounds of the spectral radius of the Jacobi iteration matrix are estimated. Our method using these estimates is also compared with the other methods. The upper bound of the spectral radius of the Jacobi iteration matrix for more general closed regions with two different media might be given by the proposed formula.     

Relationship between ion conductivity and morphology of complexes formed from poly(ethylene oxide) and potassium thiocyanate

Solid polymer electrolytes with different stoichiometries were prepared from molten poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) containing various amounts of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN). X-ray diffraction and conductivity measurements revealed that both morphology and conductivity were dependent on their stoichiometries, and that the highest conductivity at ambient temperature corresponded to 3.98 × 10^?6 S cm^?1 for the amorphous complex with the composition of X = 0.15 (X = [KSCN]/[EOunit]). The temperature dependence of the conductivity showed a WLF-type behavior for the amorphous complex, whereas it showed an Arrhenius-type behavior for a crystalline complex with the composition of X = 0.2. It was also found that the ionic mobility at 60°C of the amorphous complex was approximately 2.25 times greater than that of the crystalline complex. Furthermore, results of the infrared reflection spectroscopy measurements suggested that the mobility of potassium ion (K⁺) was correlated to the degree of the interaction between K⁺ and ether oxygens.     

Metal elution and content of fused slags produced from incinerated ash

In recent years, trials to reuse fused slags, obtained through the further treatment of incinerated ash produced in the process of the disposal of garbage or sewer sludge, such as for building materials including bricks, have drawn attention. To establish the safety of using such substances, elution tests for metals and metal contents were investigated in this study. As the result of examining 13 slags, which were made by different methods, little elution of toxic metals was found in the elution tests when water was used as a solvent. However when acid was used, there was a tendency for the elution of many kinds of metals to become greater. On other hand, the results of content measurements showed that arsenic and selenium, which were not seen to be eluted from any of the slags tested, were detected; and that aluminum and manganese existed in the slags in high concentrations.     

Investigation of the release test method for the topical application of pharmaceutical preparations: release test of cataplasm including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using artificial sweat

A simple procedure for determining the in vitro release profile of a cataplasm for use in a quality control procedure has been developed. Since the disk assembly in the USP for patch dosage forms was unsuited for use in a release test due to penetration of the dissolution medium into the cataplasm from the screw part of the device and the cataplasm swelled, new holders were designed. In the new holder, a cataplasm is held in position by sandwiching it between a stainless-steel O-ring and a silicon O-ring on the stainless steel board, 2 acrylic boards hold the O-rings and the stainless steal board, and the entire assembly is placed at the bottom of the dissolution vessel. The release profile was determined using the "Paddle over Disk" method in USP26. Furthermore, in order to prevent the swelling of the cataplasm, artificial sweat was used as the dissolution medium. The release profiles of the nine marketed brands of cataplasm containing indomethacin, ketoprofen, and flurbiprofen, respectively, were determined over a 12-h period. By adjusting the ion concentration and volume of the media, and the release surface-area of the cataplasm exposed to each medium, the procedure was found to be reproducible for in vitro release characterization of nine marketed brands. This shows that this technique can be used as a quality control tool for assuring product uniformity.     

Conformational change of H+-ATPase beta monomer revealed on segmental isotope labeling NMR spectroscopy

F1-ATPase has been shown to be a stepwise molecular motor. Its rotation mechanism has been explained by the interaction of the gamma axis with the open and closed forms of the beta subunit. Although NMR should be a powerful method for elucidating its mechanism, its molecular size (473 amino acid residues, 52 kDa) is a major obstacle. We have applied segmental labeling based on intein ligation to the beta subunit, and succeeded in assigning 89% of the NH (402/451), 89% of the Calpha (417/473), 83% of the Cbeta (357/431), and 90% of the CO (425/473) signals of the beta subunit monomer. The secondary structures predicted from the chemical shifts of the main chain atoms and the relative orientations determined from residual dipolar couplings indicated that the subunit beta monomer takes on the open form in the absence of nucleotide. Furthermore, the chemical shift perturbation and the residual-dipolar-coupling changes induced by nucleotide binding show that conformational change from the open to the closed form takes place on nucleotide binding. The intrinsic conformational change of the beta subunit monomer induced by nucleotide binding must be one of the essential driving forces for the rotation of F1-ATPase.     

Interior regularity criteria in weak spaces for the Navier-Stokes equations

We study the interior regularity of weak solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in ×(0,T), where and 0<T<. The local boundedness of a weak solution u is proved under the assumption that is sufficiently small for some (r,s) with and 3r<. Our result extends the well-known criteria of Serrin (1962), Struwe (1988) and Takahashi (1990) to the weak space-time spaces.Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 35Q30, 76N10