A core–shell structured BaTiO3 precursor preparation,characterization and potential

A new procedure for the preparation of a core-shell-structured BaTiO(3) precursor (core=TiO(2); shell=BaCO(3)) will be described. The structure of this precursor is characterized by electron microscopy (environmental scanning electron microscopy; energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy), whereas the development of phases during thermal treatment is followed by X-ray powder diffraction.     

Uniqueness of positive multi-lump bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations

In this paper we are concerned with multi-lump bound states of the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation for sufficiently small , where for and for . V is bounded on . For any finite collection of nondegenerate critical points of V, we show the uniqueness of solutions of the form for , where u is positive on and is a small perturbation of a sum of one-lump solutions concentrated near , respectively for sufficiently small . Received: 30 October 2001; in final form: 10 June 2002 /Published online: 2 December 2002 RID="*" ID="*" Research supported by Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Germany and NSFC in China     

Syntheses of Bile Pigments. Part 16. Synthesis of a vinyl-substituted 2,3-Dihydrobilinedione: Possible role of this new class of bile pigments in phycobilin biosynthesis

The total synthesis of racemic cis-2,3,18¹, 18², -tetrahydroprotobiliverdin IXα dimethyl ester ( 19b ), which is identical with the dimethyl ester of rac- 4 , is described (Scheme 2). Under virtually neutral conditions, in solution, this bile pigment isomerized within a few min to racemic Z-phycocyanobilin dimethyl ester (rac- 5b ). Likewise, acid-catalyzed allyl rearrangement of 3-vinyl-substituted cis- and trans-2,3-dihydrodipyrrin-1(10H)-ones 11c and 13c , respectively, yielded the corresponding ethylidene derivatives. In this case, however, the E-isomer was formed stereo selectively from both substrates. The above results prove that, if protobiliverdin IXα ( 2 ) is transformed enzymatically to its 2,3,18¹, 18²-tetrahydro derivative, the latter would isomerize spontaneously to phycocyanobi-lin. The biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll a and b from a common precursor bearing a vinyl group at C(8)may be straightforwardly explained in the same way.     

Mutationsinvariante Unteralgebren von Jordan-Algebren

Ohne Zusammenfassung