全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1631篇 |
免费 | 105篇 |
国内免费 | 50篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1262篇 |
晶体学 | 12篇 |
力学 | 77篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
数学 | 168篇 |
物理学 | 265篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 19篇 |
2021年 | 48篇 |
2020年 | 64篇 |
2019年 | 88篇 |
2018年 | 84篇 |
2017年 | 69篇 |
2016年 | 126篇 |
2015年 | 82篇 |
2014年 | 114篇 |
2013年 | 203篇 |
2012年 | 138篇 |
2011年 | 134篇 |
2010年 | 108篇 |
2009年 | 87篇 |
2008年 | 119篇 |
2007年 | 56篇 |
2006年 | 56篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 46篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1941年 | 1篇 |
1937年 | 2篇 |
1927年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1786条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
91.
El Sayed H. El Ashry Laila F. Awad H. M. Abdel Hamid Atta I. Atta 《Journal of carbohydrate chemistry》2013,32(7):745-753
Microwave irradiation (MWI) has accelerated the synthesis of S‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)thiouronium bromide (2a), whose reaction with 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl bromide (1a) in the presence of Et3N afforded stereoselectively the acetylated β,β‐1‐thiotrehalose 4a. Similarly, the respective D‐galactopyranosyl 4b and 2‐acetylamino‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucopyranosyl 4c analog as well as 4,4′‐di‐O‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl) 4d and 4,4′‐di‐O‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl) 4e derivatives of 2,2′,3,3′,6,6′‐hexa‐O‐acetyl β,β‐1‐thiotrehalose were prepared. 相似文献
92.
Seyyed Mahmoud Mousavi Hamed Tavakoli Mohammad Samadfam Fatemeh Semnani Zahra Asadi Hamid Sepehrian 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2013,39(3):951-959
Adsorption and recovery of uranium by nanoporous MCM-41 from aqueous solutions (synthetic solution and uranium conversion facility liquid waste) were investigated by use of a fixed-bed column (1.2 cm diameter and 3.0 cm height). Adsorption was carried out at flow rates 0.2 and 0.5 mL min?1, which correspond to retention times of 10 and 6 min. The maximum breakthrough capacity for uranium ions was achieved by use of nanoporous MCM-41 at the optimum pH of 3.6 and flow rate 0.2 mL min?1 (61.95 μg g?1). The Thomas and Yan models were applied to the experimental data, by use of linear regression, to determine the characteristics of the column for process design. The breakthrough curves calculated from the models were in good agreement with the experimental data. The elution behavior of uranium on nanoporous MCM-41 was studied with different eluents; the results showed that 0.1 M HCl is good eluent for uranium recovery. The regenerated column could be used in a multitude of adsorption–desorption cycles. 相似文献
93.
Electroless Ni–P and Ni–P–TiCN composite coatings have been deposited successfully on Al substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) techniques were applied to study the surface morphology and the chemical composition of the deposited films. Moreover, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) proved that Ni–P and Ni–P–TiCN deposits have amorphous structures. The properties of Ni–P–TiCN/Al composite films such as hardness, corrosion resistance and electrocatalytic activity were examined and compared with that of Ni–P/Al film. The results of hardness measurements reveal that the presence of TiCN particles with Ni–P matrix improves its hardness. Additionally, the performance against corrosion was examined using Tafel lines and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques in both of 0.6 M NaCl and a mixture of 0.5 M H2SO4 with 2 ppm HF solutions. The results indicate that the incorporation of high dispersed TiCN particles into Ni–P matrix led to a positive shift of the corrosion potential and an increase in the corrosion resistance for all aluminum substrates after their coating with Ni–P–TiCN. In addition, Ni–P–TiCN/Al electrodes showed a higher electrochemical catalytic activity and stability toward methanol oxidation in 0.5 M NaOH solution compared with that of Ni–P/Al. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
Mehdi Adib Ehsan Sheikhi Pouyan Haghshenas Saideh Rajai-Daryasarei Hamid Reza Bijanzadeh Long-Guan Zhu 《Tetrahedron letters》2014
A novel one-pot, five-component synthesis of 1-(alkylimino)-5,5-dicyano-3a-aryloctahydro-3-oxacyclobuta[cd]pentalene-1a,2,5a,5b(2H,3aH)-tetracarboxylates is described. A mixture of phenacyl bromide, malononitrile, isocyanide, and two equivalents of a dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate undergoes a novel 1:1:1:2 addition reaction at ambient temperature in absolute ethanol to produce diastereoselectively the title compounds in good yields. 相似文献
95.
96.
Hamid Khanmohammadi Malihe Erfantalab Edward J. Reijerse 《Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society》2014,11(2):323-333
Mononuclear copper(II) complexes of 1,2,4-triazole-based Schiff base macrocyclic hydrazones, III and IV, have been reported. The prepared amorphous complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic methods, electron spray ionization mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis data. Electrochemical studies of the complexes in DMSO show only one quasi-reversible reduction wave at +0.43 V (ΔE = 70 mV) and +0.42 V (ΔE = 310 mV) for III and IV, respectively, which is assigned to the Cu(II) → Cu(I) reduction process. Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibilities of III and IV has been measured within an interval of 2–290 K. The values of χM at 290 K are 1.72 × 10?3 cm3 mol?1 and 1.71 × 10?3 for III and IV, respectively, which increases continuously upon cooling to 2 K. EPR spectra of III and IV in frozen DMSO and DMF were also reported. The trend g|| > g⊥ > ge suggests the presence of an unpaired electron in the dx2?y2 orbital of the Cu(II) in both complexes. Furthermore, spectral and antimicrobial properties of the prepared complexes were also investigated. 相似文献
97.
El-Azim M. H. M. Abd Assay M. G. Farid W. Hamid A. M. Abdel 《Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry》2022,58(4):597-603
Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - A thiourea derivative, 4-chloro-N-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamothioyl]benzamide, was oxidized with iodine in acetic acid to give the corresponding disulfide,... 相似文献
98.
Wurood kh. Al-lehaibi Khulood A. Al-makhzomi Hani Sh. Mohammed Hamid Hammad Enezei Mohammad Khursheed Alam 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(7)
Background: The study examined the oral microbiota, physiological and immunological changes in patients using thermoplastic retainers during three months of use. Methods: The study included several steps. Firstly, 10 swabs were collected from the buccal and palatal surfaces of the teeth of the patients, approximately 2 mL of saliva was collected from the same patients and 2 mL of saliva was collected from 10 healthy people to measure the pH and secretory IgA level. This was followed by the isolation and identfication of the bacterial isolates in the patient samples. Then, isolate susceptibility toward chlorhexidine (CHX) and their adhesion ability to thermoplastic retainer surfaces was measured. In addition to that the study estimated the numbers of Lactobacillus and Streptooccus mutans colonies during three months and finally, a comparsion of pH acidity and IgA level between the patients and healthy people was performed. The results showed the predominant bacteria during the three months were Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. followed by different rates of other bacteria. Raoultella ornithinolytica showed more resistance to CHX while Lactobacillus spp. showed more sensitivity. Streptococcus mutans colony levels were higher than Lactobacillus spp. colonies during the three months, also S. mutans had the highest value in adherence to retainer thermoplastic. Finally, pH acidity showed a highly significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the third month, like IgA levels (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results obtained from the current study, the researchers noted that the thermoplastic retainers helped change the oral cavity environment. 相似文献
99.
Ziyat Hamid Elmzioui Souad Naciri Bennani Mohammed Houssaini Jamal Allaoui Safae Arhzaf Said 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2021,47(6):2605-2627
Research on Chemical Intermediates - The objective of this work is to test the effectiveness of hydrotalcite as an adsorbent for the retention of nitrate and nitrite ions and to study the influence... 相似文献
100.
Samira Bagheri Fereshteh Chekin Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2014,50(10):947-952
Anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) were synthesized with and without gelatin via the sol-gel method. The TiO2-NPs were characterized by a number of techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The particle sizes of the TiO2-NPs prepared with and without gelatin were ~13 and ~17 nm, respectively. The main advantage of using gelatin as a stabilizing agent is that it provides long-term stability for nanoparticles by preventing particles agglomeration. The results indicated that gelatin was a reliable green stabilizer, which can be used as a polymerization agent in the sol-gel method for synthesis of tiny size TiO2-NPs. Moreover, the composite film was prepared by synthesized TiO2-NPs nanoparticles and multi wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) on glassy carbon electrode (TiO2-MWNT/GCE). The TiO2-MWNT/GCE responded linearly to L-tryptophan (L-Trp) in the concentration of 1.0 × 10?6 to 1.5 × 10?4 M with detection limit of 5.2 × 10?7 M at 3 using amperometry. The studied sensor exhibited good reproducibility and long-term stability. 相似文献