Synthesis,electrochemistry, and photophysical properties of pyrazolino[60]fullerene–1,8-naphthalimide fluorescent derivatives

A series of pyrazolino[60]fullerene–1,8-naphthalimide (Pz[60]–NI) fluorescent derivatives were synthesized in one pot by a [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition between C₆₀ and functionalized hydrazones in good yield. In contrast with 4-aziridino[60]fullerene–1,8-naphtalimide dyads, Pz[60]–NI derivatives present stronger fluorescence intensity. Electrochemical study revealed that Pz[60]–NI presents better electron accepting character than the parent C₆₀. The natural bond orbital of the dyads were calculated using density functional theory method and found that the sp3 nitrogen atom in the pyrazoline ring plays a key role in the charge transfer process.     

On some inequalities for unitarily invariant norms and singular values

In this note, we improve and generalize some existing inequalities for unitarily invariant norms and singular values, and present some other inequalities for unitarily invariant norms.     

Effects of Ti content on the optical and structural properties of the Ti-doped ZnO nanoparticles

This study investigates the effect of Ti content on the optical and structural properties of the Ti-doped ZnO (Ti_xZn_1?xO) nanoparticles by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence and Raman scattering measurements. A dependence of luminescent properties and crystal structure upon Ti content has been found. The band-edge-luminescence (BEL) intensity of Ti_0.10Zn_0.90O at room temperature was nearly 1.7 times higher than that of ZnO. The enhanced BEL intensity is attributed to a decrease in the oxygen-vacancy density. However, the lower BEL intensity of Ti_0.15Zn_0.85O than Ti_0.10Zn_0.90O is attributed to an increase in the probability of nonradiative recombination. In addition, the intensity of the x-ray diffraction peaks remarkably decreases with increasing Ti content, suggesting weakened crystallinity.     

Controlled synthesis of luminescent CuInS2 nanocrystals and their optical properties

Luminescent CuInS₂ nanocrystals have been synthesized in dodecanethiol using air-stable precursors. The nanocrystals were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The optical properties of the CuInS₂ nanocrystals can be controlled by changing the reaction conditions, such as reaction time, temperature, and addition of ligands. It was found that the steady-state photoluminescence spectrum of the close-packed CuInS₂ nanocrystals on glass substrate peaked at longer wavelength than that of the colloidal ones and the close-packed nanocrystals possessed a shorter luminescence decay time. This behavior was explained on the basis of Förster resonant energy transfer due to the shorter distance between nanocrystals on substrate.     

One-pot, solvothermal synthesis of TiO(2)-graphene composite nanosheets

In this article, we propose a facile one-pot solvothermal route for synthesizing TiO(2)-graphene composite nanosheets (TGCN). In the system, ethylene glycol not only as a reducing agent can convert graphene oxide to reduced graphene oxide nanosheets, but also is employed to control the hydrolysis and condensation rates of tetrabutoxytitanium. The obtained TGCN hybrid materials are characterized by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric analysis. It is found that the quantity of H(2)O used in the reaction is the key to obtain high-quality product. The photocatalytic activities of the products are evaluated using the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a probe reaction. The results showed that the obtained TGCN have an enhanced adsorption capacity and remarkable improvements in the photodegradation rate of MB under visible light compared to P25.     

Promising oxonitridosilicate phosphor host Sr3Si2O4N2: synthesis, structure, and luminescence properties activated by Eu2+ and Ce3+/Li+ for pc-LEDs

A novel oxonitridosilicate phosphor host Sr(3)Si(2)O(4)N(2) was synthesized in N(2)/H(2) (6%) atmosphere by solid state reaction at high temperature using SrCO(3), SiO(2), and Si(3)N(4) as starting materials. The crystal structure was determined by a Rietveld analysis on powder X-ray and neutron diffraction data. Sr(3)Si(2)O(4)N(2) crystallizes in cubic symmetry with space group Pa ?3, Z = 24, and cell parameter a = 15.6593(1) ?. The structure of Sr(3)Si(2)O(4)N(2) is constructed by isolated and highly corrugated 12 rings which are composed of 12 vertex-sharing [SiO(2)N(2)] tetrahedra with bridging N and terminal O to form three-dimensional tunnels to accommodate the Sr(2+) ions. The calculated band structure shows that Sr(3)Si(2)O(4)N(2) is an indirect semiconductor with a band gap ≈ 2.84 eV, which is close to the experimental value ≈ 2.71 eV from linear extrapolation of the diffuse reflection spectrum. Sr(3-x)Si(2)O(4)N(2):xEu(2+) shows a typical emission band peaking at ~600 nm under 460 nm excitation, which perfectly matches the emission of blue InGaN light-emitting diodes. For Ce(3+)/Li(+)-codoped Sr(3)Si(2)O(4)N(2), one excitation band is in the UV range (280-350 nm) and the other in the UV blue range (380-420 nm), which matches emission of near-UV light-emitting diodes. Emission of Sr(3-2x)Si(2)O(4)N(2):xCe(3+),xLi(+) shows a asymmetric broad band peaking at ~520 nm. The long-wavelength excitation and emission of Eu(2+) and Ce(3+)/Li(+)-doped Sr(3)Si(2)O(4)N(2) make them attractive for applications in phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes.     

Phase segregation of a symmetric diblock copolymer in constrained space with a square-pillar array

In this study, we apply a self-consistent field theory of polymers to study the structures of a symmetric diblock copolymer in parallel substrates filled with square-pillar arrays in which the substrates and pillars exhibit a weak preference for one block of the copolymer. Three classes of structures, i.e., lamellae, perpendicular cylinders, and bicontinuous structures, are achieved by varying the polymer film thickness, the pillar pitch (the distance between two centers of the nearest neighboring pillars), the gap and rotation of the pillars. Because of the confinement along horizontal directions imposed by the pillar array, eight novel types of perpendicular lamellar structures and eight novel types of cylindrical structures with various shapes and distributions occur. In the hybridization states of the parallel and perpendicular lamellar structures, several novel bicontinuous structures such as the double-cylinder network, pseudo-lamellae, and perforated lamellar structure are also found. By comparing the free energies of the various possible structures, the antisymmetric parallel lamellae are observed to be stable with the larger pillar gap at a certain film thickness. The structural transformations between the alternating cylindrical structures (alternating cross-shaped, square-shaped, and octagonal perpendicular cylinders) and parallel lamellae with increasing film thickness or pillar gap are well explained by the modified strong separation theory. Our results indicate that array confinement can be an effective method to prepare novel polymeric nanopattern structures.     

Relating normal vibrational modes to local vibrational modes with the help of an adiabatic connection scheme

Information on the electronic structure of a molecule and its chemical bonds is encoded in the molecular normal vibrational modes. However, normal vibrational modes result from a coupling of local vibrational modes, which means that only the latter can provide detailed insight into bonding and other structural features. In this work, it is proven that the adiabatic internal coordinate vibrational modes of Konkoli and Cremer [Int. J. Quantum Chem. 67, 29 (1998)] represent a unique set of local modes that is directly related to the normal vibrational modes. The missing link between these two sets of modes are the compliance constants of Decius, which turn out to be the reciprocals of the local mode force constants of Konkoli and Cremer. Using the compliance constants matrix, the local mode frequencies of any molecule can be converted into its normal mode frequencies with the help of an adiabatic connection scheme that defines the coupling of the local modes in terms of coupling frequencies and reveals how avoided crossings between the local modes lead to changes in the character of the normal modes.     

Synthesis of LaVO4/TiO2 heterojunction nanotubes by sol-gel coupled with hydrothermal method for photocatalytic air purification

With the aim of improving the effective utilization of visible light, the LaVO(4)/TiO(2) heterojunction nanotubes were fabricated by sol-gel coupled with hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic ability was demonstrated through catalytic removal of gaseous toluene species. The nanotube samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface photovoltage (SPV), Raman spectra and N(2) adsorption-desorption measurements. The characterization results showed that the samples with high specific surface areas were of typical nanotubular morphology, which would lead to the high separation and transfer efficiency of photo induced electron-hole pairs. The as-prepared nanotubes exhibited high photocatalytic activity in decomposing toluene species under visible light irradiation with fine photochemical stability. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of LaVO(4)/TiO(2) nanotubes might be attributed to the matching band potentials, the interconnected heterojunction of LaVO(4) versus TiO(2), and the large specific surface areas of nanotubes.     

超声波辅助萃取-气相色谱法同时测定蔬菜中5种有机磷农药残留

建立超声波辅助萃取-气相色谱法同时分离测定蔬菜中5种有机磷农药残留量的：弓．法。实验结果表明,采用超声波加速提取有机磷农药残留,样品提取效果好,干扰物少,检测快速;在DB-1701色谱柱中,供试的5种有机磷农药分离良好;以FPD为检测器,选择性较好。方法的检出限为0．004-0．01μg／mL,5种农药在2个添加水平下的回收率为78．9％-105．9％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．6％-7．6％（n=6）。该方法具有测定有机磷农药种类多、快速等优点,能满足农药多残留分析的要求。