The oak (Quercus brantii) acorn as a growth promotor for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): growth performance,body composition,liver enzymes activity and blood biochemical parameters

Abstract

Medicinal plants play an important role in aquaculture as feed additives. This study aimed to investigate effects of alcoholic extract of acorn on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzymes activity and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) as a commercially important fish. Five dietary treatments were supplemented: 100, 200, 400 and 600?mg.kg^?1 of the extract. Fishes were fed twice per day for 8?weeks, and results showed that acorn extract positively affected all investigated parameters in rainbow trout fishes. Digestive enzymes activity and growth performance were increased, while activity of liver enzymes and cortisol were lowed in comparison to control individuals. Body composition of treated animals was also enhanced. Comparison between treated groups together with integrative biomarker response (IBR) values indicated greatest effects in animals fed with 400 and 600?mg.kg^?1 of the extract. Positive effects of the acorn represent promising start point for further studies.     

Stereoselective synthesis of helical dihydrodipyrrolophenanthroline and hindrance hexa tert‐butyl carboxylatodipyrrolophenanthroline from reaction between 1,10‐phenanthroline and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates

High hindrance Hexa tert‐butoxy carbonyl dipyrrolophenanthroline and helical dihydropyrrolophen‐anthroline compounds were prepared from reactions between di tert‐butyl acetylenedicarboxylate and 1,10‐phenanthroline in polar solvents media.     

Investigation of curing kinetics of epoxy resin/novel nanoclay–carbon nanotube hybrids by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry

Chemical hybrid of nanoclay (NC)/carbon nanotube (CNT) was synthesized via growth of CNTs by chemical vapor deposition. The cure kinetics of epoxy resin in the presence of novel chemical hybrid of NC/CNT (CNC) was studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of the CNC on cure kinetics was compared with conventional nanofillers such as CNTs, NC, and physical mixture of them (PNC). The kinetic parameters of the cure reaction were determined by iso-conversional method. The accelerating effect of CNT, CNC, and PNC in initial stage of cure reaction was related to the high thermal conductivity of CNTs, while the decelerating effect of nanofillers as the cure proceeded can be attributed to the reduction of polymer molecules motion caused by enhanced viscosity. The apparent activation energy (E _α) as the function of conversion (α) was calculated by five methods categorized into two different types: (1) conversion-dependent methods: Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW), and Friedman; (2) conversion-independent methods: Kissinger and Augis. The accelerating effect of CNT, PNC, and CNC was observable as the reduced E _α values in low conversion only with KAS and OFW methods. The reverse trend of E _α values was observed with the introduction of these nanofillers at high conversions. The uniqueness of the CNC was more marked in increasing E _α values of epoxy after initial stage due to its special 3D structure of CNC. Calculated data using KAS and OFW methods showed the best agreement with the obtained experimental data.     

Antiinfective properties of ursolic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus

The present study aimed to synthesize ursolic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (UA-Ch-NPs) as an antiinfective agent against 21 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The UA-Ch-NPs were synthesized by a simple method and then characterized by TEM, FTIR, DLS-zeta potential, and XRD analyses. According to the characterization results, highly dispersed spherical nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 258 nm and a zeta potential of + 40.1 mV were developed. The antibacterial properties of UA-Ch-NPs were investigated and their inhibitory effect on biofilm formation was demonstrated by AFM. Finally, the expression levels of icaA and icaD were measured using real-time PCR. Results indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of UA and UA-Ch-NPs against S. aureus was 64 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. The treatment of bacterial cells with UA-Ch-NPs significantly decreased the expression of icaA and icaD genes which are engaged in biofilm formation. Our results indicated that UA-Ch-NPs could be a promising material for antibacterial and antibiofilm applications.     

Critical point approaches to Gradient-Type systems on the Sierpi\'{n}ski Gasket

We investigate the existence of multiple solutions for parametric quasi-linear systems of the gradient-type on the Sierpi\''{n}ski gasket. We give some new criteria to guarantee that the systems have at least three weak solutions by using a variational method and some critical points theorems due to Ricceri. We extend and improve some recent results. Finally, we give two examples to illustrate the main results.     

Kinetic Study of the Electro‐Catalytic Oxidation of Acetaldehyde on Copper Electrode

Electrocatalytic oxidation of acetaldehyde was investigated on a copper electrode in alkaline solution. The process of oxidation involved and its kinetics were established by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques as well as steady state polarization measurements. It has been found that in the course of an anodic potential sweep the electro‐oxidation of acetaldehyde follows the formation of Cu(III) and is catalysed by this species through a mediated electron transfer mechanism. A mechanism based on the electrochemical generation of Cu(III) active sites and their subsequent consumption by the acetaldehyde in question was also investigated.     

Bi(NO3)3 · 5H2O mediated synthesis of 4,4′-diaminotriarylmethane leuco malachite compounds under solvent-free conditions

In this report, we described the synthesis and characterization of a variety of diaminotriarylmethane derivatives with dimethylamino functional groups. These compounds were synthesized by the tandem regio-selective electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of N,N-dimethylaniline with aryl aldehydes to form the corresponding diaminotriarylmethane compounds. In our strategy, Bi(NO₃)₃ was used as a catalyst under solvent free conditions to afford the desired products in good to excellent yields.      

A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of optically active s-triazolothiadiazole derivatives

A series of novel s-triazolothiadiazoles 3a-h were prepared by condensation reaction of substituted amino triazoles la-b with N-phethaloyl-L-amino acids 2a-d in the presence of the phosphoroxy chloride（POCl₃） as an anhydrous reagent.The structure of all synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR,¹H NMR,and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.