Quasiparticle and Cooper pair tenneling in small capacitance Josephson junctions

The tunneling of single electrons in small capacitance tunnel junctions is influenced by charging effects and by the fluctuations of the elecromagnetic environment. We study the effect of an external circuit with arbitrary impedance on the tunneling of quasiparticles and Cooper pairs in voltage driven Josephson junctions. We present results at finite temperatures and also consider an acdriven system.     

A posteriori H1 error estimation for a singularly perturbed reaction diffusion problem on anisotropic meshes

The paper deals with a singularly perturbed reaction diffusionmodel problem. The focus is on reliable a posteriori error estimatorsfor the H¹ seminorm that can be applied to anisotropic finiteelement meshes. A residual error estimator and a local problemerror estimator are proposed and rigorously analysed. They arelocally equivalent, and both bound the error reliably. Threemodifications of these estimators are introduced and discussed. Much attention is given to the performance of the error estimatorin numerical experiments. This helps to identify those estimatorsthat are suitable for practical applications.     

Oxygen on Fe(100) and Fe(110)

Investigations of the electronic and magnetic properties of oxygen adsorbed on magnetized iron films have been carried out by means of angle and spin resolving photoelectron spectroscopy. Iron, epitaxially grown on W(100) and W(110) crystals, served as the ferromagnetic substrate. Exchange splittings of the O 2p_x derived level have been detected, demonstrating a magnetic coupling between the chemisorbate and the iron layer. Variations of the exchange splitting have occurred as a function of the oxygen coverage, photon energy, and emission angle. High oxygen exposures have lead to a FeO overlayer at the surface.     

TheL <ω-theory of the class of Archimedian real closed fields

For the classA of uncountable Archimedian real closed fields we show that the statement TheL ^<-theory ofA is complete is independent of ZFC. In particular we have the following results:Assuming the Continuum-Hypothesis (CH) is incomplete. Conversely it is possible to build a model of set theory in which is complete and decidable. The latter can also be deduced from the Proper Forcing Axiom (PFA). In this case turns out to be equivalent to the elementary theory of the real numbers (by a quantifier-elimination procedure).Formally: is incomplete. is complete and decidable.     

Synthetic erythropoietic proteins: tuning biological performance by site-specific polymer attachment

Chemical synthesis in combination with precision polymer modification allows the systematic exploration of the effect of protein properties, such as charge and hydrodynamic radius, on potency using defined, homogeneous conjugates. A series of polymer-modified synthetic erythropoiesis proteins were constructed that had a polypeptide chain similar to the amino acid sequence of human erythropoietin but differed significantly in the number and type of attached polymers. The analogs differed in charge from +5 to -26 at neutral pH and varied in molecular weight from 30 to 54 kDa. All were active in an in vitro cell proliferation assay. However, in vivo potency was found to be strongly dependent on overall charge and size. The trends observed in this study may serve as starting points for the construction of more potent synthetic EPO analogs in the future.     

Hg2(OH)[BF4], the First Basic Mercurous Tetrafluoroborate

The first basic mercurous tetrafluoroborate, Hg₂(OH)[BF₄], was obtained through a synproportionation reaction of red mercuric oxide, HgO, and elemental mercury in a 35% solution of HBF₄ in water as colourless single crystals. The crystal structure (orthorhombic, Pbca, Z = 8, a = 985.0(1), b = 991.0(1), c = 1141.0(2) pm) contains [(HO)_1/2—Hg—Hg—(OH)_1/2]⁺ zig‐zag chains that are further connected via weak Hg—OH interchain interactions to layers between which the [BF₄]^— are located in an up and down fashion.     

LiTiCl3: Synthesis and thermal behaviour

LiTiCl₃ is obtained as one example within an ample solid solution, Li_24–2nTi_nCl₂₄ (?4?n?10), by synpropotionation of TiCl₃ and Ti in the presence of LiCl (2:1:3 molar ratio) in sealed tantalum tubes at 750°C. It crystallizes with the inverse spinel-type structure according to (Li_0.67)^[4](Li_0.67Ti_1.33)^[4]Cl₄ with, at 25°C, a = 1048.62(4) pm, space group Fd3m. Thermal expansion is linear with α = 4.85 × 10^?5K^?1 up to about 300°C and thereafter, when the migration of Li⁺ from tetrahedral to octahedral interstices becomes increasingly important, it exhibits a relative decrease resulting, finally, in the phase transition to a NaCl-type structure that is observed for the first time at about 575°C.