Phosphate-Phosphonate Rearrangement of Aliphatic Phosphates

Abstract

Phosphorylation of various aliphatic alcohols gives phosphates 1 which are deprotonated by sBuLi/TMEDA in diethyl ether, THF or hexane at ?78 °C. The organo-lithiurns 2 and 4 formed isornerize to α-hydroxy- phosphonates 3 and 5 (phosphate-phosphonate rearrangement^[1.2]     

High speed coding for velocity by archerfish retinal ganglion cells

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Archerfish show very short behavioural latencies in response to falling prey. This raises the question, which response parameters of retinal ganglion cells to moving stimuli are best suited for fast coding of stimulus speed and direction. RESULTS: We compared stimulus reconstruction quality based on the ganglion cell response parameters latency, first interspike interval, and rate. For stimulus reconstruction of moving stimuli using latency was superior to using the other stimulus parameters. This was true for absolute latency, with respect to stimulus onset, as well as for relative latency, with respect to population response onset. Iteratively increasing the number of cells used for reconstruction decreased the calculated error close to zero. CONCLUSIONS: Latency is the fastest response parameter available to the brain. Therefore, latency coding is best suited for high speed coding of moving objects. The quantitative data of this study are in good accordance with previously published behavioural response latencies.     

SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON CONFORMATIONAL EQUILIBRIA IN THIANE-1-N-ARYL-SULFIMIDES

Abstract

Compounds of the general type shown have been synthesized and their conformational equilibria 13 have been established by low temperature ¹³C nmr spectroscopy.     

Einfluß der Nachimpulse des Photosekundärelektronenvervielfachers bei Flüssigkeitsszintillationszählungen

Der Einfluβder Nachimpulse einiger Exemplare des Vervielfachertyps S 12 FS 35 vom VEB Carl Zeiss Jena auf die Flüssigkeitsszintillationszählung wurde in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Parametern untersucht. Daraus ergeben sich praktische Hinweise zur Vermeidung von Fehlmessungen durch Nachimpulse, die bei absoluten Aktivitätsbestimmungen mit dem Flüssigkeitsszintillationszähler (z. B. Meβkopf Nr. 25510 der Firma E. Zimmermann, Leipzig) unbedingt zu berücksichtigen sind.     

Far‐ and Mid‐Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Substrate‐Induced Structural Dynamics of Respiratory Complex I

The catalytic activity of the respiratory NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is based on conformational reorganizations. Herein we probe the effect of substrates on the conformational flexibility of complex I by means of ¹H/²H exchange kinetics at the level of the amide proton in the mid‐infrared spectral range (1700–1500 cm^?1). Slow, medium, and fast exchanging domains are distinguished that reveal different accessibilities to the solvent. Whereas amide hydrogens undergo rapid exchange with the solvent in an open structure, hydrogens experience much slower exchange when they are involved in H‐bonded structures or when they are sterically inaccessible for the solvent. The results indicate a structure that is more open in the presence of both NADH and quinon. Complementary information on the overall internal hydrogen bonding of the protein was probed in the far infrared (300–30 cm^?1), a spectral range that includes a continuum mode of the hydrogen bonding signature.