K-subadditive and K-superadditive set-valued functions bounded on “large” sets

Aequationes mathematicae - We prove that every K–subadditive set–valued map weakly K–upper bounded on a “large” set (e.g. not null–finite, not...     

Promising Antimicrobial Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Different Honeybee Products

Bee products have been known for centuries for their versatile healing properties. In recent decades they have become the subject of documented scientific research. This review aims to present and compare the impact of bee products and their components as antimicrobial agents. Honey, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom are bee products that have antibacterial properties. Sensitivity of bacteria to these products varies considerably between products and varieties of the same product depending on their origin. According to the type of bee product, different degrees of activity were observed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, molds and dermatophytes, as well as biofilm-forming microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa turned out to be the most resistant to bee products. An analysis of average minimum inhibitory concentration values for bee products showed that bee venom has the strongest bacterial effectiveness, while royal jelly showed the weakest antibacterial activity. The most challenging problems associated with using bee products for medical purposes are dosage and safety. The complexity and variability in composition of these products raise the need for their standardization before safe and predictable clinical uses can be achieved.     

Assessment of the In Vivo Release and Biocompatibility of Novel Vesicles Containing Zinc in Rats

This paper is focused on the in vivo release and biocompatibility evaluation in rats of some novel systems entrapping zinc chloride in lipid vesicles. The particles were prepared by zinc chloride immobilization inside lipid vesicles made using phosphatidylcholine, stabilized with 0.5% chitosan solution, and dialyzed for 10 h to achieve a neutral pH. The submicrometric systems were physico-chemically characterized. White Wistar rats, assigned into four groups of six animals each, were treated orally with a single dose, as follows: Group I (control): deionized water 0.3 mL/100 g body weight; Group II (Zn): 2 mg/kg body weight (kbw) zinc chloride; Group III (LV-Zn): 2 mg/kbw zinc chloride in vesicles; Group IV (LVC-Zn): 2 mg/kbw zinc chloride in vesicles stabilized with chitosan. Haematological, biochemical, and immune parameters were assessed after 24 h and 7 days, and then liver fragments were collected for histopathological examination. The use of zinc submicrometric particles—especially those stabilized with chitosan—showed a delayed zinc release in rats. No substantial changes to blood parameters, plasma biochemical tests, serum complement activity, or peripheral neutrophils phagocytic capacity were noted; moreover, the tested substances did not induce liver architectural disturbances. The obtained systems provided a delayed release of zinc, and showed good biocompatibility in rats.     

Chirality at phosphorus: hybrid duplexes of chimeric oligonucleotides containing methylphosphonothioate linkages with complementary DNA and RNA

Chimeric oligonucleotides with incorporated diastereomerically pure dinucleoside(3′,5′)-methylphosphonothioates and their oxo- and seleno- congeners of known absolute configuration are reported. The relation between stability of the hybrid duplexes with complementary DNA and RNA and their structure is analyzed in context of absolute configuration of the P-chiral internucleotide bonds.     

Angular distributions in proton-nucleus interactions in emulsion at 800 GeV

Data on angular distributions of heavily ionizing and shower particles in incoherent protonnucleus collisions in emulsion at 800 GeV are reported and discussed in details. Dependence of angular distributions on the mass number of a target nucleus and on the multiplicity of charged particles is investigated. The data presented are systematically compared with results of emulsion experiments at lower energies and with predictions of the Lund Monte Carlo model FRITIOF.     

Monopole excitation of 4He in α-particle scattering from 12C, 13C,and 16O

The excitation of the O⁺ state in ⁴He at 20.1 MeV has been studied in α-scattering from ¹²C, ¹³C, and ¹⁶O at E_α=65MeV by measuring the decay $\text{α}{}^1\text{→}\text{p}\text{+}\text{t}$ with a coincidence method. DWBA calculations of this monopole transition using both microscopic and collective model transition densities are presented.     

Angular momentum transfer and partition in the deep-inelastic reaction 664 MeV 84Kr + natAg

In- and out-of-plane angular distributions have been measured for sequential α-decay from target-like fragments produced in fully relaxed heavy-ion collisions. At angles equal to or larger than the target-recoil direction, the α-particle energy spectra are evaporation-like and the in-plane angular distributions are consistent with isotropy in the rest frame of the target recoil. The out-of-plane distributions exhibit an anisotropy of approximately two. Fragment spins were extracted from these distributions as a function of mass asymmetry. These spins are in agreement with those obtained from a simultaneous γ-ray multiplicity measurement. Both the fragment kinetic energies and intrinsic spins are consistent with rigid rotation of an intermediate complex consisting of two substantially deformed spheroids in near proximity.     

Charge and angular distributions and secondary fission of deep inelastic products from the reaction 197Au + 979 MeV 136Xe 1443 08

Kinetic energy spectra, charge and angular distributions are presented for over 40 elements (Z = 27?68). The kinetic energy spectra show two distinct components: a deep inelastic one and another from secondary fission of the target-like product. The charge distribution widths are comparable to those observed in Kr bombardments, the angular distributions, however, are more extensively side peaked.     

Intrinsic fragment spins generated in the reactions of 20Ne with 197Au and 238U at 12.6 MeV/nucleon

The average magnitude and alignment of the intrinsic spin of the heavy partner from the reaction of 252 MeV ²⁰Ne with ¹⁹⁷Au and ²³⁸U were determined as a function of Q-value. These spin values were extracted from sequential fission angular distributions obtained in coincidence with projectile-like products. For all Q-values a large out-of-plane anisotropy was observed, while for large negative Q-values an in-plane anisotropy was observed. A very large entrance-channel mass-asymmetry was chosen to provide a stringent test of equilibrium statistical model predictions for the spin alignment. The importance of determining the direction of the line-of-centers of the dinuclear system at scission is discussed. Large values of P_ZZ were deduced for all Q- values. P_XY was observed to be positive in the quasielastic region and negative in the deep-inelastic region. The extracted alignment data are compared to equilibrium statistical model calculations.