Supramolecular separation mechanism of pentafluorophenyl column using ibuprofen and omeprazole as markers: LC‐MS and simulation study

The pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column is emerging as a new advancement in separation science to analyze a wide range of analytes and, thus, its separation mechanism at supramolecular level is significant. We developed a mechanism for the separation of ibuprofen and omeprazole using different combinations (ranging from 50:50 to 60:40) of water–acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. The column used was Waters Acquity UPLC HSS PFP (75 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The reverse order of elution was observed in different combinations of the mobile phases. The docking study indicated hydrogen bonding between ibuprofen and PFP stationary phase (binding energy was −11.30 kJ/mol). Separation at PFP stationary phase is controlled by hydrogen bonding along with π–π interactions. This stationary phase may be used to analyze both aromatic and aliphatic analytes. The developed mechanism will be useful to separate various analytes by considering the possible interactions, leading to saving of energy, time and money. In addition, this work will be highly useful in preparative chromatography where separation is the major problem at a large scale. Moreover, the developed LC‐MS‐QTOF method may be used to analyze ibuprofen and omeprazole in an unknown sample owing to the low value of detection limits.     

Erratum to: The catalytic effect of Al-KIT-5 and KIT-5-SO3H on the conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Research on Chemical Intermediates -     

Order of Reactivity of OH/NH Groups of Glucosamine Hydrochloride and N-Acetyl Glucosamine Toward Benzylation Using NaH/BnBr in DMF

The order of reactivity of OH and NH groups of glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcNH₂^.HCl) and N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) toward benzylation with NaH/BnBr in DMF was investigated. For GlcNH₂^.HCl, benzyl groups were introduced in the order of N-Bn > N-Bn₂ > 1-O-Bn > 6-O-Bn > 4-O-Bn > 3-O-Bn; for GlcNAc, benzyl groups were introduced in the order of 1-O-Bn > 6-O-Bn > 4-O-Bn > 3-O-Bn > N-Bn. A range of partially benzylated 2-N,N′-dibenzyl glucopyranosides and GlcNAc derivatives were obtained in a single step.     

A homotopy analysis method for limit cycle of the van der Pol oscillator with delayed amplitude limiting

In this work, a powerful analytical method, called Liao’s homotopy analysis method is used to study the limit cycle of a two-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system, namely the van der Pol oscillator with delayed amplitude limiting. It is shown that the solutions are valid for a wide range of variation of the system parameters. Comparison of the obtained solutions with those achieved by numerical solutions and by other perturbation techniques shows that the utilized method is effective and convenient to solve this type of problems with the desired order of approximation.     

Preyssler-type heteropoly acid:A new,mild and efficient catalyst for protection of carbonyl compounds

Preyssler-type heteropoly acid is introduced as a new,mild and efficient catalyst for protection of a variety of carbonyl compounds with 1,3-propane dithiol.     

Double Heck Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Dibrominated Pyridines

Double Heck cross‐coupling reactions of 2,3‐ and 3,5‐dibromopyridine with various alkenes afforded the corresponding novel di(alkenyl)pyridines. The Heck reaction of 2,5‐dibromopyridine unexpectedly afforded 5,5′‐di(alkenyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridines by palladium‐catalyzed dimerization to give 5,5′‐dibromo‐2,2′‐bipyridine and subsequent twofold Heck reaction.     

Influences of Different Enzymatic Treatment on Denim Garment

In current study, the effects of different enzymatic treatment including acid cellulases, neutral cellulases, and combination of laccases with cellulases on denim garment were investigated. The color changes of different samples were compared by colorimetric indices for the garment surface and back and also white pocket. Abrasion resistance, tensile strength, and crease recovery angle of the samples were measured within the standard methods. Also, surfaces of the treated samples were observed by SEM. The results showed that the combination of laccases with cellulases help to improve the lightness and decrease staining on both back of garment and on white pocket.