Tautomerism of dihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-α]pyrimidines containing 2-hydroxy- and 4-dimethylaminoaryl substituents

We have studied the effect of structural factors and the nature of the solvent on the tautomeric composition of aromatic substituted dihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. The kinetics of the tautomeric exchange of 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-7-phenyldihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines has also been investigated.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 245–249, February, 1991.     

Partially Hydrogenated Aromatic Substituted Tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines

By treating 5-aminotetrazole with aromatic ,-unsaturated ketones or with Mannich base hydrochlorides there have been synthesized aromatic substituted 4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidines. They can be reduced to the corresponding 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro derivatives by the action of NaBH₄. The high thermodynamic stability of the 4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines when compared with the 4,5-dihydro isomers has been revealed. Reaction of 5-aminotetrazole both with cyclohexanone as well as with 2-cyclohexylidenecyclohexanone leads to formation of 9,9-pentamethylene-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrotetrazolo[5,1-b]quinazoline, the structure of which was demonstrated using X-ray crystallography.     

Efficient ytterbium triflate catalyzed microwave-assisted synthesis of 3-acylacrylic acid building blocks

The derivatives of 4-(hetero)aryl-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid are useful as building blocks in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. An efficient general protocol for the synthesis of these building blocks was developed. This method combines microwave assistance and ytterbium triflate catalyst and allows the fast preparation of the target acids starting from different (hetero)aromatic ketones and glyoxylic acid monohydrate giving pure products in 52-75% isolated yields.     

Multicomponent cyclocondensation reactions of aminoazoles, arylpyruvic acids and aldehydes with controlled chemoselectivity

The multicomponent reactions of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles/5-aminotetrazole with phenylpyruvic acids and aromatic aldehydes were studied using conventional thermal heating, ultrasonification and microwave dielectric heating. Two different reaction pathways for these cyclocondensations occurring under either kinetic or thermodynamic control were established depending on the temperature regime and building block selection. In case of aminotriazoles, an unprecedented reaction pathway leading to 5-aryl-7-hydroxy-6-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acids was found and discussed.     

Synthesis,structure and some reactions of 4a',5′,6′,7′,8′,8a'‐hexahydro‐4′H‐spiro[cyclohexane‐1,9′‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]‐quinazolines]

2′‐Substituted 5′,6′,7′,8′‐tetrahydro‐4′H‐spiro[cyclohexane‐1,9′‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines] 3a‐d were synthesized by condensation of 3‐substituted 5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles 1a‐d with 2‐cyclohexylidene cyclohexanone 2 in DMF. The compounds 3 were hydrogenated with sodium borohydride in ethanol to give 2′‐substituted cis‐4a',5′,6′,7′,8′,8a'‐hexahydro‐4′H‐spiro[cyclohexane‐1,9′‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines] 4a‐d in high yields. The reactions of alkylation, acylation and sulfonylation of the compounds 4 were studied. The structure of the synthesized compounds was determined on the basis of NMR measurements including HSQC, HMBC, NOESY techniques and confirmed by the X‐ray analysis of 6 and 11b . The described synthetic protocols provide rapid access to novel and diversely substituted hydrogenated [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines.     

Tuning of chemo- and regioselectivities in multicomponent condensations of 5-aminopyrazoles, dimedone, and aldehydes

Regio- and chemoselective multicomponent protocols for the synthesis of 1,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolin-5-ones, 5,6,7,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-8-ones, and 5a-hydroxy-4,5,5a,6,7,8-hexahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolizin-9-ones starting from 5-amino-3-phenylpyrazole, cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and aromatic aldehydes are described. Whereas the three-component coupling in ethanol under reflux conditions provides mixtures of pyrazoloquinolinones and pyrazoloquinazolinones, the condensation can be successfully tuned toward the formation pyrazoloquinolinones (Hantzsch-type dihydropyridines) by performing the reaction at 150 degrees C in the presence of triethylamine base applying sealed vessel microwave or conventional heating. On the other hand, using sonication at room temperature under neutral conditions favors the formation of the isomeric pyrazoloquinazolinones (Biginelli-type dihydropyrimidines). These products are also obtained when the three-component condensation is executed in the presence of trimethylsilylchloride as reaction mediator at high temperatures. A third reaction pathway leading to pyrazoloquinolizinones in a ring-opening/recyclization sequence can be accessed by switching from triethylamine to a more nucleophilic base such as sodium ethoxide or potassium tert-butoxide. The reaction mechanism and intermediates leading to these three distinct tricyclic condensation products are discussed.     

Synthesis of novel 3-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-7,8-dihydroquinoline-2,5(1H,6H)-diones

An efficient method for the synthesis of novel 3-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-7,8-dihydroquinoline-2,5(1H,6H)-diones from various 2-dimethylaminomethylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diones, (1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetonitriles, and dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal was developed. These transformations proceeded through intermediate 2-[2-(4-aryl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-cyanoethenyl]-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-olates. They were isolated as piperidinium salts and used in further heterocyclization reactions with aromatic amines, giving novel 1-aryl-3-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-7,8-dihydroquinoline-2,5(1H,6H)-diones. These compounds were also obtained by preparative three-step “one pot” synthesis under controlled microwave irradiation. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 412–417, February, 2008.     

Thiazole analogs of chalcones,capable of functionalization at the heterocyclic nucleus

The synthesis of new amino and alkoxy derivatives of thiazole-5-carbaldehyde, on the basis of which α,β-unsaturated ketones of the thiazole series were synthesized, are described in this paper. The possibility of obtaining chalcones and variation of substitution reactions in the thiazole ring has been shown.     

High regioselective ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of 2,7-diaryl-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids

New and high regioselective method of the synthesis of 2,7-diaryl-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids by reaction of 3-aryl-5-aminopyrazoles with arylidenpyruvic acid at room temperature under ultrasonication was developed and discussed.     

Synthesis and tautomerization of 6,7‐dihydro‐(1,2,3)‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines

The condensation of 5‐amino‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazole ( 1 ) with chalcones 2a‐e or 3‐dimethylamino‐propiophenone ( 4f ) leads to the 6,7‐dihydro‐(1,2,3)‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 3a‐f. The equilibrium of 3 and the tautomeric 4,7‐dihydro‐(1,2,3)‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 3′ is described.