Synthesis of novel cytotoxic 3-azolylsteroids via Cu-catalyzed C–N coupling

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Influence of blunt-cone tip temperature on the laminar-turbulent transition in hypersonic boundary layers

In the present paper, we report on the results of a combined experimetal and numerical study of the laminar-turbulent transition at Mach number 5.95 in the boundary layers of 7-deg cones with a small nose-tip bluntness radius (down to 1.5 mm). The tip temperature of the model was varied in the range from 90 to 440 K. It was confirmed that the small nose-tip bluntness substantially shifts the position of the transition in downstream direction. This effect was also retained in testing the models with local heating/cooling of the cone tip. It is shown that for the experimental conditions implemented in the Transit-M wind tunnel, ITAM SB RAS, the local heating of blunt cone tips exerts almost no influence on the position of the transition. The local cooling of the cone tip with R = 1.5 mm leads to a shift of the transition position in upstream direction.     

Darstellung und Eigenschaften zweier isomerer Formen des Dichloro-bis[triphenylphosphinoxid—Kupfer(II)]-Komplexes

Cu(OPph ₃)₂Cl₂ exists in yellow - and orange -isomeric forms. -Cu(OPph ₃)₂Cl₂ was prepared by thermal decomposition of Cu(OPph ₃)₄Cl₂·2 H₂O and by reaction of CuCl₂ with OPph ₃ in acetone—ethanol mixture at higher temperature. The results of magnetic measurements, electronic andESR spectra show that the structure of -isomer differs from the known structure of the -isomer by a different degree of distortion of the coordination tetrahedron. -Cu(OPph ₃)₂Cl₂ is thermodynamically more stable then -Cu(OPph ₃)₂Cl₂.

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Silicon tether-aided coupling metathesis: application to the synthesis of attenol A

A new synthesis of attenol A is described. Key features of this work include a crucial silicon tether-aided coupling metathesis step and the use of iodoetherification as an efficient protection method for 1,5-ene-ols. [reaction: see text]     

Kinetics and mechanism of the formation and reduction of oxide layers on platinum part I. Oxidation and reduction of platinum electrodes

Oxidation and reduction of platinum electrodes have been investigated in the potential range up to 3.0 V in acid, alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions with pH from 0 to 14. It is shown that oxygen adsorption and absorption on platinum are usually superimposed, but they may be artificially separated using a strong dependence of the second process upon platinum pretreatment and potential sweep rate. The dependence of oxygen surface coverage on potential has several characteristic regions, each corresponding to the formation of a definite surface oxycompound.     

Oracle Complexity Separation in Convex Optimization

Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - Many convex optimization problems have structured objective functions written as a sum of functions with different oracle types (e.g., full...     

On the determination of the position of laminar-turbulent transition in boundary layer by optical methods

As a rule, aerodynamic studies at hypersonic flow velocities are carried out in short-duration wind-tunnel facilities. For such facilities, optical diagnostic methods are most preferable. In the present study, we give for the first time a comparison of two methods for determining the end of laminar-turbulent transition: from the distribution of heat fluxes and from schlieren visualization data for the boundary-layer flow. Parametric data on the position of the transition are obtained. These data can be used in the future as reference ones while calibrating semi-empirical calculation models for the transition.     

The Impact of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Donepezil and Its Active Metabolite 6-O-desmethyldonepezil,and Gastric Myoelectric Activity in Experimental Pigs

Gastrointestinal side effects of donepezil, including dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, occur in 20–30% of patients. The pathogenesis of these dysmotility associated disorders has not been fully clarified yet. Pharmacokinetic parameters of donepezil and its active metabolite 6-O-desmethyldonepezil were investigated in experimental pigs with and without small intestinal injury induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Morphological features of this injury were evaluated by a video capsule endoscopy. The effect of a single and repeated doses of donepezil on gastric myoelectric activity was assessed. Both DSS-induced small intestinal injury and prolonged small intestinal transit time caused higher plasma concentrations of donepezil in experimental pigs. This has an important implication for clinical practice in humans, with a need to reduce doses of the drug if an underlying gastrointestinal disease is present. Donepezil had an undesirable impact on porcine myoelectric activity. This effect was further aggravated by DSS-induced small intestinal injury. These findings can explain donepezil-associated dyspepsia in humans.     

Impact of ionic strength on adsorption capacity of chromatographic particles employed in separation of monoclonal antibodies

The influence of ionic strength on the adsorption capacity of seven commercial adsorbents used in downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies was examined. Affinity (MabSelect, Poros 50A High Capacity, ProSep-vA High Capacity), hydrophobic charge-induction (MEP HyperCel), and cation exchange adsorbents (FractoGel EMD SE Hicap (M), SP Sepharose Fast Flow, Ceramic HyperD F) were used to study the adsorption of polyclonal human immunoglobulin G at optimal pH values. The ionic strength, adjusted by sodium chloride concentrations in the range of 0–225 mM, strongly decreased the adsorption capacity of the cation exchangers. Equilibrium data were described in the form of the dependence of the ratio of protein concentrations in the solid and liquid phases on the total concentration of cation counter ions. They were successfully fitted and interpreted through a stoichiometric ion-exchange model.     

The use of wavelet transform for the correlation analysis of boundary-layer pulsations

As a rule, experimental studies at hypersonic Mach numbers are carried out in short-duration wind tunnels. Under such conditions, data on boundary-layer pulsations are primarily measured by surface pressure sensors. There are many factors affecting the level of pulsations at model walls; that is why the cross-correlation analysis is often invoked to analyze the development of wave packets in boundary layer. However, the standard correlation analysis very often fails in providing the possibility to trace the evolution of wave packets. In the present publication, we propose a new method for obtaining cross-correlation data based on the wavelet transform.