Heralding two-photon and four-photon path entanglement on a chip

Generating quantum entanglement is not only an important scientific endeavor, but will be essential to realizing quantum-enhanced technologies, in particular, quantum-enhanced measurements with precision beyond classical limits. We investigate the heralded generation of multiphoton entanglement for quantum metrology using a reconfigurable integrated waveguide device in which projective measurement of auxiliary photons heralds the generation of path-entangled states. We use four and six-photon inputs, to analyze the heralding process of two- and four-photon NOON states-a superposition of N photons in two paths, capable of enabling phase supersensitive measurements at the Heisenberg limit. Realistic devices will include imperfections; as part of the heralded state preparation, we demonstrate phase superresolution within our chip with a state that is more robust to photon loss.     

Polarization control in spun and telecommunication optical fibers

We consider the counterpropagating interaction of a signal and a pump beam in a spun fiber and in a randomly birefringent fiber, the latter being relevant to optical telecommunication systems. On the basis of a geometrical analysis of the Hamiltonian singularities of the system, we provide a complete understanding of the phenomenon of polarization attraction in these two systems, which allows to achieve a control of the polarization state of the signal beam by adjusting the polarization of the pump. In spun fibers, all polarization states of the signal beam are attracted toward a specific line of polarization states on the Poincaré sphere, whose characteristics are determined by the polarization state of the injected backward pump. In randomly birefringent telecommunication fibers, we show that an unpolarized signal beam can be repolarized into any particular polarization state, without loss of energy.     

Dynamics of the infinitely-thin kink

We consider the dynamics of the domain-wall kink soliton, in particular we study the zero mode of translation. In the infinitely-thin kink limit, we show that the zero mode is almost completely frozen out, the only remnant being a dynamically constrained four-dimensional mode of a single but arbitrary frequency. In relation to this result, we show that the usual mode expansion for dealing with zero modes - implicit collective coordinates - is not in fact a completely general expansion, and that one must use instead a traditional generalised Fourier analysis.     

How Fast Is the Bandit?

Abstract

In this article we investigate the rate of convergence of the so-called two-armed bandit algorithm. The behavior of the algorithm turns out to be highly non standard: no central limit theorem, possible occurrence of two different rates of convergence with positive probability.     

Synthesis of acid‐sensitive latices by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization

This study describes the synthesis of polynorbornene colloidal particles able to release active molecules in response to pH change. Such functionalized polynorbornene latices with surface active molecules have been obtained by ring‐opening metathesis copolymerization in a dichloromethane/ethanol medium in the presence of α‐norbornenyl poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomer. Two different strategies of introduction of the active molecule—either at their periphery or at their core— have been contemplated. The particles have been characterized by both dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Their size was found to range from 260 to 600 nm. The release of the active molecules was monitored by UV spectrometry. After 48 h in an appropriate HCl buffer (pH = 3) more than 80% of the initially linked active molecule was released. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 217–229, 2005     

Imaging and PDA analysis of a GDI spray in the near-nozzle region

This paper describes a combined LDA, PDA and imaging analysis of the pressure swirl spray in the near-nozzle region of a GDI injector. This innovative approach in the use of multiple, complementary diagnostics facilitates the interpretation of a complex spray flow field.The LDA and PDA data were ensemble-averaged into time bins to produce comprehensive time-history and spatial profiles of liquid velocity, droplet velocity and size and the sample number. They indicated times at which the spray exhibited seven different characteristics. These were identified as: (a) pre-swirl spray, (b) spray cone develops, (c) spray cone relaxes, (d) maximum velocity in spray cone, (e) fully developed steady state, (f) spray cone collapses and (g) the spray detaches from the nozzle. The most effective method to present the spatial and temporal development of the spray was to superimpose the velocity vector and drop size field plots onto the spray images.This article is part of the special issue 11^th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisboa, Portugal, July 2002, January 2004, Vol. 36, Issue no. 1     

A Ruthenium(II)–Copper(II) Dyad for the Photocatalytic Oxygenation of Organic Substrates Mediated by Dioxygen Activation

Dioxygen activation by copper complexes is a valuable method to achieve oxidation reactions for sustainable chemistry. The development of a catalytic system requires regeneration of the Cu^I active redox state from Cu^II. This is usually achieved using extra reducers that can compete with the Cu^II(O₂) oxidizing species, causing a loss of efficiency. An alternative would consist of using a photosensitizer to control the reduction process. Association of a Ru^II photosensitizing subunit with a Cu^II pre‐catalytic moiety assembled within a unique entity is shown to fulfill these requirements. In presence of a sacrificial electron donor and light, electron transfer occurs from the Ru^II center to Cu^II. In presence of dioxygen, this dyad proved to be efficient for sulfide, phosphine, and alkene catalytic oxygenation. Mechanistic investigations gave evidence about a predominant ³O₂ activation pathway by the Cu^I moiety.     

1D NMR Homodecoupled 1H Spectra with Scalar Coupling Constants from 2D NemoZS‐DIAG Experiments

A two‐dimensional liquid‐state NMR experiment cleanly separating chemical shifts and scalar couplings information is introduced. This DIAG experiment takes advantage of a drastic reduction of the spectral window in the indirect dimension to be quickly recorded and of a new non‐equidistant modulation of the selective pulse to improve the sensitivity of the broadband homodecoupling Zangger–Sterk sequence element by one order of magnitude. A simple automatic analysis results in 1D spectra displaying singlets and lists of the scalar couplings for first‐order multiplets. This facilitates the analysis of 1D spectra by resolving multiplets based on their differences in chemical shifts and coupling structures.