基于非齐次复合Poisson过程的正交异性钢桥面板细节疲劳裂纹随机扩展研究

传统的正交异性钢桥面板疲劳损伤评估常采用确定性和可靠性分析方法,忽略了疲劳裂纹扩展的随机性影响,针对这一问题,提出钢桥面板细节疲劳随机扩展分析方法。本文以南溪长江大桥为工程背景,基于长期车辆荷载监测数据,建立了车辆荷载非齐次复合Poisson过程模型。建立钢桥面板有限元模型,采用瞬态分析方法将随机车辆荷载转化成细节疲劳应力,基于线弹性断裂力学理论推导U肋-顶板焊接细节疲劳裂纹扩展时变微分方程,实现宏观关系式疲劳应力幅次数-疲劳损伤至微观表达式应力时间序列-疲劳损伤转换,讨论了车载次序及超载对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。研究结果表明,非齐次复合泊松过程模型能够较好描述随机车流运营状态,车辆荷载的次序对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响不可忽略,重车排序靠前时能够促使疲劳裂纹扩展增速,南溪长江大桥细节点的车辆超载迟滞效应修正系数取值0.804。     

The uncertain premium principle based on the distortion function

In this paper, we discuss the premium principle in uncertain environment. First, the net premium principle for uncertain risks is presented within the framework of uncertainty theory. With the help of distortion function, a new uncertain premium principle is derived from the uncertain net premium. Some properties of uncertain distortion premium principle are proved. Furthermore, a sufficient and necessary condition that an uncertain premium principle is an uncertain distortion premium principle has been characterized. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the calculations of the uncertain distortion premium.     

血清微量元素缺乏哮喘患儿的治疗观察

目的探究吸入丙酸氟替卡松治疗血清微量元素铁、锌缺乏的咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿的临床效果观察。方法选取佛山市第一人民医院过往72例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿作为研究对象,随机分配为每组36例,观察组和对照组两组形式。对照组患儿是从血清微量元素铁、锌缺乏的患儿中随机抽取的,观察组是从血清微量元素铁、锌正常的患儿中抽取的,同时给予吸入丙酸氟替卡松治疗。随访时间是1年,持续的吸入治疗6个月的时间,对两组患儿的治疗效果进行对比观察研究。结果两组患儿在出现喘息、咳嗽消失时间、发展成为哮喘、复发例数等方面进行对比,差异具有统计学的意义(P0.05)。结论血清微量元素铁、锌缺乏的咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿,会致使气道高反应机会增高,容易发生反复呼吸道感染,增加了发展成为哮喘的风险,影响到丙酸氟替卡松治疗的效果。     

Preliminary study on aerosol particle addition calibration method for on-line quantitative analysis of airborne radioactive particles with ICP-MS

An ambient aerosol concentration enrichment system coupled with ICP-MS for real-time monitoring of airborne radioactive particles is now under development. ICP-MS is very sensitive to sample introduction conditions, so it is necessary to develop an easy-use calibration method for on-line quantitative analysis in field application. In this paper, a calibration method using standard solution instead of monodisperse particles was established and validated preliminarily. First of all, four parameters for the method were determined experimentally, including: uptake flow rate and nebulisation efficiency of the Microconcentric nebuliser, nebulisation/transport efficiency of Aridus Desolvating Sample Introduction System, and Relative Sensitivity Factor between ¹⁵⁹?Tb and ¹⁷⁴?Yb. Then, monodisperse terbium nitrate particles were generated by a commercial Vibrating Orifice Aerosol Generator. Continuous aerosols of ytterbium nitrate droplets were nebulised from standard solution. They were mixed together, desolvated through the membrane dryer and introduced into ICP-MS for on-line analysis of terbium nitrate particles. The air sampled from nuclear environment was also introduced into ICP-MS to investigate the effect of flow rate on instrument responses. Finally, atom numbers of ¹⁵⁹?Tb in discrete terbium nitrate particles were determined using the calibration method and compared to the calculated value. Results show that when air flow rate increase from 10?mL?min^?1 to 100?mL?min^?1, the ratio of ¹⁵⁹?Tb ion count to ¹⁷⁴?Yb ion intensity keeps constant although instrument sensitivity decreases by a factor of 25. The relative standard deviation of ¹⁵⁹?Tb atom number measured is better than 18%. The discrepancy with the calculated value could be attributed to the over-estimation of atom number in the particles generated by VOAG because there was some liquid leakage in the VOAG.     

Organic–inorganic hybrid fluorous monolithic capillary column for selective solid‐phase microextraction of perfluorinated persistent organic pollutants

A novel construction strategy of monolithic capillary column for selectively enriching perfluorinated persistent organic pollutants was proposed. The organic–inorganic hybrid fluorous monolithic capillary column was synthesized by a “one‐pot” approach via the polycondensation of γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy‐silane, then in situ copolymerization of 1H,1H,7H‐dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate and vinyl group on the precondensed siloxanes. The obtained monolithic columns were systematically characterized. The results demonstrated that the optimal column possessed good mechanical stability and high permeability. The adsorption capacities of the optimized monolithic column for perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate were 0.257 and 0.513 μg/mg, respectively. Adsorption capacities of the monoliths were proved to increasing with increasing the amounts of fluorinated monomers in the fluorous monoliths. Sodium 1‐octanesulfonate, as a comparison compound, was hardly adsorbed on the fluorous monolith. In addition, the trace amounts of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in water samples can be successfully concentrated about 160 times to their original concentrations by this monolithic column. These results demonstrated that the capacity and selectivity of the affinity fluorous column is high and can be applied to the selective enrichment for the perfluorinated persistent organic pollutants from environmental samples.     

端炔与对亚甲基苯醌的1,6-加成

为了合成selaginellin家族天然产物,我们开发了炔锂和对亚甲基苯醌的1,6-加成反应。研究了此反应的反应条件及底物适用范围和限制。结果表明,对亚甲基苯醌苯环上的取代基对反应速率和产率有显著的影响:吸电子基团增加其亲电性,使反应变快,并且可以得到较高的产率;与此相反,给电子基团则降低了对亚甲基苯醌的亲电性,反应变慢,并且表现出可逆性,产率变低。端炔对反应影响很小,均能得到高产率的产物。本方法可用于快速构建selaginellin家族天然产物的骨架结构。     

Birthrates and delay times of Type Ia supernovae

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play an important role in diverse areas of astrophysics, from the chemical evolution of galaxies to observational cosmology. However, the nature of the progenitors of SNe Ia is still unclear. In this paper, according to a detailed binary population synthesis study, we obtained SN Ia birthrates and delay times from different progenitor models, and compared them with observations. We find that the Galactic SN Ia birthrate from the double-degenerate (DD) model is close to those infe...     

Self-organization of directed networks through asymmetric coupling

In this Letter, self-organization of directed networks is surveyed. Inspired from the results in neural networks research, we propose an asymmetric coupling scheme with simple edge deleting rules. Results show that all-to-all networks can be organized into scale-free networks with feed-forward structures. Corresponding analysis is also given.