全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2381篇 |
免费 | 136篇 |
国内免费 | 18篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1883篇 |
晶体学 | 7篇 |
力学 | 21篇 |
数学 | 393篇 |
物理学 | 231篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 60篇 |
2019年 | 75篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 27篇 |
2016年 | 75篇 |
2015年 | 57篇 |
2014年 | 76篇 |
2013年 | 108篇 |
2012年 | 142篇 |
2011年 | 145篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 82篇 |
2008年 | 151篇 |
2007年 | 156篇 |
2006年 | 142篇 |
2005年 | 147篇 |
2004年 | 119篇 |
2003年 | 104篇 |
2002年 | 100篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 39篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 36篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
1940年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有2535条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
11.
Carsten Thomassen 《Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B》1997,70(2):306-311
We give a simple proof of the fact (which follows from the Robertson–Seymour theory) that a graph which is minimal of genusgcannot contain a subdivision of a large grid. Combining this with the tree-width theorem and the quasi-wellordering of graphs of bounded tree-width in the Robertson–Seymour theory, we obtain a simpler proof of the generalized Kuratowski theorem for each fixed surface. The proof requires no previous knowledge of graph embeddings. 相似文献
12.
13.
The syntheses of two rigid organic molecular rods bearing a nitronyl-nitroxide radical and a terminal nitrogen-based functionality like a pyridine or a cyano group are reported. Both new paramagnetic molecules are fully characterized, including crystal structure analysis. Furthermore their magnetic behaviours in the crystalline state are investigated and their spin concentration corroborate their excellent purity. While the pyridine functionalized rod is synthesized by converting the corresponding benzaldehyde to the phenyl-nitronyl-nitroxide radical, the synthesis of the cyano functionalized rod demonstrates the accessibility of highly sophisticated spin-labelled molecules via cross-coupling reaction with a meta-iodo-phenyl-nitronyl-nitroxide moiety. 相似文献
14.
15.
The surface body is a generalization of the floating body. Its relation to p-affine surface area is studied. 相似文献
16.
17.
Simultaneous analysis of oxidized and reduced glutathione in cell extracts by capillary zone electrophoresis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yang Q Krautmacher C Schilling D Pittelkow MR Naylor S 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2002,16(3):224-228
Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels in cells constitute a thiol redox system. They can be used as an indicator of oxidative stress of the cell. In this study, a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method is described that enables quantitation of GSH and GSSG from cellular extracts. The CZE buffer used was 20 mM ammonium acetate containing 5% (v/v) acetic acid at pH 3.1 in conjunction with a polybrene coated capillary operated in reverse polarity mode. Effects of different acids used to prepare cell samples were investigated on CZE performance. The acids include meta phosphoric acid (MPA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), phosphoric acid (PA) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and are used to stabilize GSH and GSSG before performing CZE analysis. The method features a limit of detection of 4 microM and a limit of quantitation of 12 microM for both GSSG and GSH and recoveries of 94% for GSH and 100% for GSSG. Quantitative analysis of GSSG and GSH in HaCaT cell extracts (5% SSA, w/v) was performed with this method and changes in the ratio of GSH to GSSG in N-ethylmaleimide treated cell sample was observed by comparing with control cell samples. 相似文献
18.
19.
Surface roughness has been considered as a passive means of enhancing species mixing in electroosmotic flow through microfluidic systems. It is highly desirable to understand the synergetic effect of three-dimensional (3D) roughness and surface heterogeneity on the electrokinetic flow through microchannels. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional finite-volume-based numerical model to simulate electroosmotic transport in a slit microchannel (formed between two parallel plates) with numerous heterogeneous prismatic roughness elements arranged symmetrically and asymmetrically on the microchannel walls. We consider that all 3D prismatic rough elements have the same surface charge or zeta potential, the substrate (the microchannel wall) surface has a different zeta potential. The results showed that the rough channel's geometry and the electroosmotic mobility ratio of the roughness elements' surface to that of the substrate, epsilon(mu), have a dramatic influence on the induced-pressure field, the electroosmotic flow patterns, and the electroosmotic flow rate in the heterogeneous rough microchannels. The associated sample-species transport presents a tidal-wave-like concentration field at the intersection between four neighboring rough elements under low epsilon(mu) values and has a concentration field similar to that of the smooth channels under high epsilon(mu) values. 相似文献
20.
Kratzsch C Tenberken O Peters FT Weber AA Kraemer T Maurer HH 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2004,39(8):856-872
A liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC/APCI-MS) is presented for fast and reliable screening and identification and also for precise and sensitive quantification in plasma of the 23 benzodiazepines alprazolam, bromazepam, brotizolam, camazepam, chlordiazepoxide, clobazam, clonazepam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, desalkylflurazepam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, medazepam, metaclazepam, midazolam, nitrazepam, nordazepam, oxazepam, prazepam, temazepam and tetrazepam, triazolam, their antagonist flumazenil and the benzodiazepine BZ1 (omega 1) receptor agonists zaleplone, zolpidem and zopiclone. It allows confirmation of the diagnosis of an overdose situation and monitoring of psychiatric patients' compliance. The analytes were isolated from plasma using liquid-liquid extraction and were separated on a Merck LiChroCART column with Superspher 60 RP Select B as the stationary phase. Gradient elution was performed using aqueous ammonium formate and acetonitrile. After screening and identification in the scan mode using the authors' LC/MS library, the analytes were quantified in the selected-ion monitoring mode. The quantification assay was fully validated. It was found to be selective proved to be linear from sub-therapeutic to over therapeutic concentrations for all analytes, except bromazepam. The corresponding reference levels the assay's accuracy and precision data for all studied substances are listed. The accuracy and precision data were within the required limits with the exception of those for bromazepam. The analytes were stable in frozen plasma for at least 1 month. The validated assay was successfully applied to several authentic plasma samples from patients treated or intoxicated with various benzodiazepines or with zaleplone, zolpidem or zopiclone. It has proven to be appropriate for the isolation, separation, screening, identification and quantification of the drugs mentioned above in plasma for clinical toxicology, e.g. in cases of poisoning, and forensic toxicology, e.g. in cases of driving under the influence of drugs. 相似文献