Amino acid catalyzed reactions. A facile route to some heteroarylbispyrazoles

This newly designed route assembled a pyrazole ring with an aldehydic functionality over another pyrazole moiety. Further, formyl group was exploited in different routes such as condensation reactions, imidazole and pyrimidone/thione synthesis. The present reactions were performed with glycine, a facile catalyst, and the results were compared well with those of conventional methods.     

Synthesis, chemical characterization and biological screening for cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of organotin (IV) derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxy 6-nitrophenylpropenoic acid

A series of mono-, di- and triorganotin compounds with general formulae [RSnL(2)Cl], R = Bu (compound 3), [R(2)SnL(2)], where R = Me, Et, Bu, Oct (compounds 1, 2, 4 and 6) and [R(3)SnL], where R = Bu, Cy and Ph (compounds 5, 7 and 8) and where L = 3,4-methylenedioxy-6-nitrophenylpropenoic acid have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, multinuclear ((1)H-, (13)C- and (119)Sn-) NMR and mass spectrometry. The ligand and its respective organotin complexes were screened for cytotoxicity using the brine shrimp lethality assay and for antitumor activity using the crown gall tumor inhibition (potato disc) assay. The bioassay results support the conclusion that the biological activities of these synthetic compounds are in the following order: [RSnL(2)Cl] < [R(2)SnL(2)] < [R(3)SnL].     

A simple method for the synthesis of some 1,2-diazocines

Cyclobutanone reacts with diphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, in alcoholic base and in diethylamine, to give 3,8-diphenyl-6,7-dihydro-1,2-diazocin-4(5H)-one (5) and 4-diethylamino-3,8-diphenyl-6,7-dihydro-1,2-diazocine (8) respectively. With diethylamine the tetrazine yields 3,6-diphenylpyridazine.     

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of nanofluid with double stratification and slip conditions

This paper concerns with the analysis of double stratification in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of nanofluid by a stretching cylinder. Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are present in the transport equations. The flow is subjected to velocity, thermal and solutal slip conditions. Non-linear ordinary differential equations are obtained from the governing non-linear partial differential equations after using appropriate transformations. The resulting non-linear ordinary differential equations are solved for the convergent series solutions. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are illustrated for different emerging parameters. Velocity distribution decays for higher estimation of velocity slip parameter. Furthermore, temperature decreases and concentration enhances for higher values of thermal stratification parameter and thermophoresis parameter, respectively. Numerical results for the skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also presented and examined. Comparison between the published limiting solutions and present results is found in an excellent agreement.     

Effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rol</Emphasis> Genes on Polyphenols Biosynthesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia annua</Emphasis> and Their Effect on Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of the Plant

Flavonoids are famous for their antioxidant capacity and redox potential. They can combat with cell aging, lipid peroxidation, and cancer. In the present study, Artemisia annua hybrid (Hyb8001r) was subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids through HPLC. Rol genes transgenics of A. annua were also evaluated for an increase in their flavonoid content along with an increase in antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. This was also correlated with the expression level of flavonoids biosynthetic pathway genes as determined by real-time qPCR. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase genes were found to be significantly more highly expressed in rol B (four to sixfold) and rol C transgenics (3.8–5.5-fold) than the wild-type plant. Flavonoids detected in the wild-type A. annua through HPLC include rutin (0.31 mg/g DW), quercetin (0.01 mg/g DW), isoquercetin (0.107 mg/g DW) and caffeic acid (0.03 mg/g DW). Transgenics of the rol B gene showed up to threefold increase in rutin and caffeic acid, sixfold increase in isoquercetin, and fourfold increase in quercetin. Whereas, in the case of transgenics of rol C gene, threefold increase in rutin and quercetin, 5 fold increase in isoquercetin, and 2.6-fold increase in caffeic acid was followed. Total phenolics and flavonoids content was also found to be increased in rol B (1.5-fold) and rol C (1.4-fold) transgenics as compared to the wild-type plant along with increased free radical scavenging activity. Similarly, the cytotoxic potential of rol gene transgenics against MCF7, HeLA, and HePG2 cancer cell lines was found to be significantly enhanced than the wild-type plant of A. annua. Current findings support the fact that rol genes can alter the secondary metabolism and phytochemical level of the plant. They increased the flavonoids content of A. annua by altering the expression level of flavonoids biosynthetic pathway genes. Increased flavonoid content also enhanced the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of the plant.     

Identification of irradiation treatment of spices by thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Five spices, cumin, coriander, clove, cinnamon and black pepper were irradiated by gamma-ray doses of 1.0 and 5.0 kGy and thermoluminescence (TL) method was used for identification of the irradiation treatment. The TL response of the minerals isolated from irradiated samples was much higher as compared to the mineral particles from unirradiated control samples. For the normalisation of results the separated minerals were reirradiated to a normalisation dose of 1.0 kGy and the TL glow curve was recorded a second time. By comparing the glow curves of irradiated and unirradiated samples, finding the ratio of the areas of first and second glow curves (TL₁/TL₂) and comparing the shapes of the glow curves, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples were identified correctly.     

Profiling of Antifungal Activities and In Silico Studies of Natural Polyphenols from Some Plants

A worldwide increase in the incidence of fungal infections, emergence of new fungal strains, and antifungal resistance to commercially available antibiotics indicate the need to investigate new treatment options for fungal diseases. Therefore, the interest in exploring the antifungal activity of medicinal plants has now been increased to discover phyto-therapeutics in replacement to conventional antifungal drugs. The study was conducted to explore and identify the mechanism of action of antifungal agents of edible plants, including Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum tamala, Amomum subulatum, Trigonella foenumgraecum, Mentha piperita, Coriandrum sativum, Lactuca sativa, and Brassica oleraceae var. italica. The antifungal potential was assessed via the disc diffusion method and, subsequently, the extracts were assessed for phytochemicals and total antioxidant activity. Potent polyphenols were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and antifungal mechanism of action was evaluated in silico. Cinnamomum zeylanicum exhibited antifungal activity against all the tested strains while all plant extracts showed antifungal activity against Fusarium solani. Rutin, kaempferol, and quercetin were identified as common polyphenols. In silico studies showed that rutin displayed the greatest affinity with binding pocket of fungal 14-alpha demethylase and nucleoside diphosphokinase with the binding affinity (K_d, −9.4 and −8.9, respectively), as compared to terbinafine. Results indicated that Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cinnamomum tamala exert their antifungal effect possibly due to kaempferol and rutin, respectively, or possibly by inhibition of nucleoside diphosphokinase (NDK) and 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51), while Amomum subulatum and Trigonella foenum graecum might exhibit antifungal potential due to quercetin. Overall, the study demonstrates that plant-derived products have a high potential to control fungal infections.     

Correlation Between the Scaling Factor of the Yukawa Coupling and Cross Section for the e + e − → h h f f ¯ $e^{+} e^{-} \rightarrow hhf\overline {f}$ (f≠t) in Type-I 2HDM

International Journal of Theoretical Physics - The objective of this study is to correlate the scaling factor of the Standard Model (SM) like Higgs boson and the cross section ratio of the process...     

Carbon-based nanocatalyst: An efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of gem-bisamides,hexahydroacridine-1,8-diones and 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes

Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society - In this abstract, we discuss the progress related to sulfonated carbon-based materials in various acid-catalyzed organic transformations which are then...     

Fabrication and characterization of adenine-grafted carbon-modified amorphous ZnO with enhanced catalytic activity

Sustainability has become a countersign and guiding rule for current field of nanocatalysis. Herein, we report a cost-effective, greener, clean, and proficient process for the formation of adenine-grafted carbon-modified amorphous ZnO nanocatalyst (ZnO@AC) derived from garment industry waste (waste cotton cloth). Due to adenine functionality, catalyst provides consistent dispersion of ZnO providing catalytically active sites for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines and bis(pyrazol-5-ole) and alters the electron–hole pair recombination without notable mass-transfer limitation. The photocatalytic evaluation of ZnO@AC was performed on methyl orange (MO) dye under UV light and 87.3% degradation efficiency resulted in 75 min. Moreover, the catalyst was recyclable and could be reused up to eight runs, making it more sustainable. The morphology of ZnO@AC remained intact with the slight agglomeration of ZnO nanoparticles (nps) after eight recoveries according to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the used catalyst.