A new explicit iteration method for a class of variational inequalities

In this paper, we propose a new simple explicit iterative algorithm to find a solution for variational inequalities over the set of common fixed points of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings on real reflexive and strictly convex Banach spaces with a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. Two numerical examples also are given for illustration.     

Iterative methods for a class of variational inequalities in Hilbert spaces

In this paper, we introduce implicit and explicit iterative methods for solving a variational inequality problem over the set of zeros for a maximal monotone mapping in Hilbert spaces. As consequence, new modifications of the proximal point method are obtained.     

Complexation of cationic polyelectrolyte with anionic phospholipid vesicles: Concentration, molecular weight and salt effects

The influence of cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) on the morphology and phase behavior of anionic phospholipid vesicles was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescent microscopy and light scattering technique. A wide range of polymer concentration has been examined for the first time. The polycation can bind electrostatically to the vesicles to compensate, neutralize and reverse the vesicular charge, depending on the molar ratio of cationic to anionic group R. For R<1, charge compensation weakened the electrostatic repulsion between the lipid molecules, leading to formation of polymer-modified vesicles, each with an increased number of bilayers. The bilayer exhibits a rising main phase transition temperature from a gel to liquid crystalline state. This behavior persisted until R≈1 around the neutralization condition, where the complexes became largest and precipitate. With R>1, charge reversal took place, the complex size reduced. Interestingly, the main phase transition temperature was found for the first time to shift back towards the original value in the absence of polymer for large enough R. Although the thermal behavior was nearly independent of the polymer molecular weight, the complex morphology could be different.     

Reciprocal Response of Human Oral Epithelial Cells to Internalized Silica Nanoparticles

Silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) are one of the most widely used engineered nanoparticles and can been found in a wide range of consumer products. Despite their massive global production scale, little is known about their potential effects in the context of unintended exposure or ingestion. Using TR146 cells as an in vitro model of the human oral buccal mucosa, the uptake, spatial intracellular distribution, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory response, and cytotoxic effects of commercial SiO₂ NPs are examined. SiO₂ NPs are shown to dock and cross the cellular membrane barrier in a dose–time‐dependent manner. Confocal sectioning reveals translocation of SiO₂ NPs into the cell nucleus after 12 h of exposure. A concentration threshold of more than 500 × 10^?6 m is observed, above which SiO₂ NPs are shown to exert significant oxidative stress with concomitant upregulation of inflammatory genes IL6 and TNFA. Further analysis of the p53 pathway and a series of apoptotic and cell cycle biomarkers reveals intracellular accumulation of SiO₂ NPs exert marginal nanotoxicity. Collectively, this study provides important information regarding the uptake, intracellular distribution, and potential adverse cellular effects of SiO₂ NPs commonly found in consumer products in the human oral epithelium.     

Discrepancy Principle and Convergence Rates in Regularization of Monotone Ill-Posed Problems

The convergence rates of the regularized solution as well as its Galerkin approximations for nonlinear monotone ill-posed problems in a Banach space are established on the basis of the choice of a regularization parameter by the Morozov discrepancy principle.     

Comparison of variants of the bi-conjugate gradient method for compressible Navier-Stokes solver with second-moment closure

Variants of the bi-conjugate gradient (Bi-CG) method are used to resolve the problem of slow convergence in CFD when it is applied to complex flow field simulation using higher-order turbulence models. In this study the Navier-Stokes and Reynolds stress transport equations are discretized with an implicit, total variation diminishing (TVD), finite volume formulation. The preconditioning technique of incomplete lower-upper (ILU) factorization is incorporated into the conjugate gradient square (CGS), bi-conjugate gradient stable (Bi-CGSTAB) and transpose-free quasi-minimal residual (TFQMR) algorithms to accelerate convergence of the overall itertive methods. Computations have been carried out for separated flow fields over transonic bumps, supersonic bases and supersonic compression corners. By comparisons of the convergence rate with each other and with the conventional approximate factorization (AF) method it is shown that the Bi-CGSTAB method gives the most efficient convergence rate among these methods and can speed up the CPU time by a factor of 2·4–6·5 as compared with the AF method. Moreover, the AF method may yield somewhat different results from variants of the Bi-CG method owing to the factorization error which introduces a higher level of convergence criterion.     

Miniaturized capillary isoelectric focusing in plastic microfluidic devices

We report the demonstration of miniaturized capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) in plastic microfluidic devices. Conventional CIEF technique was adapted to the microfluidic devices to separate proteins and to detect protein-protein interactions. Both acidic and basic proteins with isoelectric points (pI) ranging from 5.4 to 11.0 were rapidly focused, mobilized, and detected in a 1.2 cm long channel (50 microm deep x 120 microm wide) with a total analysis time of 150 s. In a device with a focusing distance of 4.7 cm, the separation efficiency for a basic protein, lysozyme, was achieved as high as 1.5 x 10(5) plates, corresponding to 3.2 million plates per meter. We also experimentally confirmed that IEF resolution is essentially independent of focusing length when the applied voltage is kept the same and within a range that it does not cause Joule heating. Further, we demonstrated the use of miniaturized CIEF to study the interactions between two pairs of proteins, immunoglobulin G (IgG) with protein G and anti-six histidine (anti-6xHis) with 6xHis-tagged green fluorescent protein (GFP). Using this approach, protein-protein interactions can be detected for as little as 50 fmol of protein. We believe miniaturized CIEF is useful for studying protein-protein interactions when there is a difference in pI between a protein-protein complex and its constitutent proteins.     

Regularization extragradient method for Lipschitz continuous mappings and inverse strongly-monotone mappings in Hilbert spaces

The purpose of this paper is to present a regularization variant of the extragradient method for finding a common element of the solution sets for a variational inequality problem involving a -Lipschitz continuous monotone mapping A and for a finite family of λ _i -inverse strongly-monotone operators {A _i } _{i = 1} ^N from a closed convex subset K into the Hilbert space H. This article was submitted by the author in English.     

Regularization methods for a class of variational inequalities in banach spaces

In this paper, we introduce two regularization methods, based on the Browder-Tikhonov and iterative regularizations, for finding a solution of variational inequalities over the set of common fixed points of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings on real reflexive and strictly convex Banach spaces with a uniformly Gateaux differentiate norm.     

Recent progress in the studies of electrochemical interfaces by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and microscopy

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free spectroscopic technique that is highly sensitive to various surface reactions. Incorporating SPR into electrochemical measurements has emerged as a powerful method to study both faradaic and non-faradaic processes. SPR microscopy (SPRM) integrates an optical microscope into SPR detection, which further offers high throughput detection and spatially resolved information at an electrode surface and thus, has attracted attention especially in single entity electrochemical studies. In this review, the progress in the studies of electrochemical interfaces by SPR and SPRM during the past two years will be discussed.