Direct and β-delayed multi-proton emission from atomic nuclei with a time projection chamber: the cases of 43Cr, 45Fe, and 51Ni

The two-proton radioactivity of ⁴⁵Fe was studied experimentally with a time projection chamber. The aim of the experiment was the reconstruction of the proton tracks in three dimensions. Energy and angular correlations have been determined and the data are compared with theoretical models, in particular with a three-body model. Moreover, the decay of ⁴³Cr was studied and ??-delayed one-, two- and three-proton emission could be established. The correlations observed for ??-delayed two-proton emission favour a sequential emission. Finally, ??-delayed two-proton emission was observed for the first time for ⁵¹Ni.     

Measurements of WW and WZ production in W + jets final states in pp collisions

We study WW and WZ production with ?νqq (?=e,μ) final states using data collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider corresponding to 4.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity from pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV. Assuming the ratio between the production cross sections σ(WW) and σ(WZ) as predicted by the standard model, we measure the total WV (V=W,Z) cross section to be σ(WV)=19.6(-3.0)(+3.2) pb and reject the background-only hypothesis at a level of 7.9 standard deviations. We also use b-jet discrimination to separate the WZ component from the dominant WW component. Simultaneously fitting WW and WZ contributions, we measure σ(WW)=15.9(-3.2)(+3.7) pb and σ(WZ)=3.3(-3.3)(+4.1) pb, which is consistent with the standard model predictions.     

Search for universal extra dimensions in pp collisions

We present a search for Kaluza-Klein (KK) particles predicted by models with universal extra dimensions (UED) using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.3 fb(-1), collected by the D0 detector at a pp center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The decay chain of KK particles can lead to a final state with two muons of the same charge. This signature is used to set a lower limit on the compactification scale of R(-1)>260 GeV in a minimal UED model.     

Measurement of the W boson mass with the D0 detector

We present a measurement of the W boson mass using data corresponding to 4.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected with the D0 detector during Run II at the Fermilab Tevatron pp collider. With a sample of 1,677,394 W → eν candidate events, we measure M(W) = 80.367 ± 0.026 GeV. This result is combined with an earlier D0 result determined using an independent Run II data sample, corresponding to 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, to yield M(W) = 80.375 ± 0.023 GeV.     

Evidence for spin correlation in t ̅t production

We present a measurement of the ratio of events with correlated t and t ?t spins to the total number of t ?t events. This ratio f is evaluated using a matrix-element-based approach in 729 t ?t candidate events with a single lepton ? (electron or muon) and at least four jets. The analyzed p ?p collisions data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.3 fb(-1) and were collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider operating at a center-of-mass energy √s=1.96 TeV. Combining this result with a recent measurement of f in dileptonic final states, we find f in agreement with the standard model. In addition, the combination provides evidence for the presence of spin correlation in t ?t events with a significance of more than 3 standard deviations.     

Osteoblast cell response to a CO2 laser modified polymeric material

Lasers are an efficient technology, which can be applied for the surface treatment of polymeric biomaterials to enhance insufficient surface properties. That is, the surface chemistry and topography of biomaterials can be modulated to increase the biofunctionality of that material. By employing CO₂ laser patterning and whole area processing of nylon 6,6 this paper details how the surface properties were significantly modified. Samples, which had undergone whole area processing, followed the current theory in which the advancing contact angle, θ, with water decreased and the polar component, γ^p, increased upon an increase in surface roughness. For the patterned samples it was observed that θ increased and γ^P decreased. This did not follow the current theory and can be explained by a mixed-state wetting regime. By seeding osteoblast cells onto the samples for 24 h and 4 days the laser surface treatment gave rise to modulated cell response. For the laser whole area processing, θ and γ^P correlated with the observed cell count and cover density. Owed to the wetting regime, the patterned samples did not give rise to any correlative trend. As a result, CO₂ laser whole area processing is more likely to allow one to predict biofunctionality prior to cell seeding. Moreover, for all samples, cell differentiation was evidenced. On account of this and the modulation in cell response, it has been shown that laser surface treatment lends itself to changing the biofunctional properties of nylon 6,6.     

On the relative roles of higher-order nonlinearity and ionization in ultrafast light-matter interactions

Far off-resonant ultrafast and nonlinear light-matter interactions are studied using a one-dimensional atomic model. Results from a pump-probe diagnostic reveal that any higher-order nonlinear refraction is masked by ionization-induced defocusing before it becomes significant. On the other hand, we show that signatures of a higher-order nonlinearity may still be manifest via low-order harmonics of the pump center frequency. Implications for filamentation of femtosecond pulses are pointed out.     

Passively mode locked femtosecond Tm:Sc2O3 laser at 2.1 μm

We report on the passive mode locking of a Tm3+:Sc2O3 laser at 2.1 μm using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror based on InGaAsSb quantum wells. Transform-limited 218 fs pulses are generated with an average power of 210 mW. A maximum output power of 325 mW is produced during mode locking with the corresponding pulse duration of 246 fs at a pulse repetition frequency of 124.3 MHz. A Ti:sapphire laser is used as the pump source operating at 796 nm.     

Porous three-dimensional nanorod arrays through selective chemical etching of nanocomposites

Three-dimensional Cu-Si and Cu-SiO(2) nanorod arrays containing ~68 at% Cu have been fabricated by a glancing angle co-deposition technique. By selectively etching Cu in 0.05 M KCN methanol solution, porous nanorods with different shapes form, which are promising for applications in sensors, catalysts, and as medical capsules that are able to be loaded with functional materials.     

Nonclassical oxygen atom transfer reactions of oxomolybdenum(VI) bis(catecholate)

Mechanistic studies indicate that the oxomolybdenum(vi) bis(3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate) fragment deoxygenates pyridine-N-oxides in a reaction where the oxygen is delivered to molybdenum but the electrons for substrate reduction are drawn from the bound catecholate ligands, forming 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone.