Cold atmospheric plasma modification of curcumin loaded in tri‐phosphate chitosan nanoparticles enhanced breast cancer cells apoptosis

The anti‐cancer mechanisms of curcumin have been reported to include suppressions of angiogenesis and tumor proliferation. The main goal of this research is to increase the solubility of curcumin by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and assess the effects of modified curcumin by charging with tri‐polyphosphate chitosan nanoparticles for MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells, and human fibroblast cells. Curcumin modification was done by CAP and its solubility was evaluated by spectrophotometry. After loading modified curcumin into nano‐chitosan‐TPP, nanocurcumin was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Cellular viability and apoptosis of treated cells were assessed by MTT and Annexin V. The changes of messenger RNA expression of TP5353 and VEGF genes were analyzed by real‐time PCR. CAP was able to transform the curcumin to possess hydrophilic characteristics after 90 seconds. The mean diameter of Curcumin loaded chitosannanoparticles (NPs) were determined as 48 nm. MTT results showed that the IC₅₀ of nano Cur‐chitosan‐TPP was effectively decreased compared to free curcumin in MCF‐7 (15 μg/mL at 72 hours vs 20 μg/mL at 48 hours). Additionally, nano Cur‐chitosan‐TPP had no significant effect on normal cells (Human dermal fibroblas: HDF), whereas it also decreased the viability of triple negative breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231). Real‐time PCR results showed that expression level of TP53 gene was upregulated (P = .000), whereas VEGF gene downregulated (P = .000) in treated MCF‐7 cells. Curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles have led to an induction of apoptosis (79.93%) and cell cycle arrest (at S and G2M). Modified‐curcumin‐tri‐polyphosphate chitosan nanoparticles using CAP can be considered as a proper candidate for breast cancer treatment.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Tricarbastannatranes and Their Reactivity in B(C6F5)3‐Promoted Conjugate Additions

The synthesis and characterization of a series of tricarbastannatranes, in the solid state and in solution, are described. The structures of the complexes [N(CH₂CH₂CH₂)₃Sn](BF₄), [N(CH₂CH₂CH₂)₃Sn](SbF₆), [N(CH₂CH₂CH₂)₃Sn]₄[(SbF₆)₃Cl], and [(N(CH₂CH₂CH₂)₃Sn)₂OH][MeB(C₆F₅)₃] were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Furthermore, the B(C₆F₅)₃‐promoted conjugate addition of alkyl‐tricarbastannatranes to benzylidene derivatives of Meldrum’s acid was investigated, and detailed mechanistic studies are presented.     

Efficient one-pot synthesis of novel 6′,9′-dihydro-2H,7′H-spiro[pyrimidine-5,8′-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]quinoline]-2,4,6(1H,3H)-trione derivatives under mild and “green” reaction conditions

In this paper, an efficient method is introduced for the synthesis of 7′,9′-disubstituted 6′,9′-dihydro-2H,7′H-spiro[pyrimidine-5,8′-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]quinoline]-2,4,6(1H,3H)-trione derivatives under mild and “green” reaction conditions. The method is based on one-pot multicomponent reaction of an aldehyde, barbituric acid, and benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-amine in ethanol as a green and environmentally friendly solvent. The reaction has given the products in the highest isolated yield in the presence of acetic acid as catalyst under reflux conditions. Various aldehydes, bearing electron-donating or -withdrawing functionalities have been used under the optimized conditions and successfully gave the desired products (13 examples) in high isolated yields.     

Simultaneous Determination of Trace Zinc and Cadmium by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Polymeric Film Nanoparticle Self‐Assembled Electrode

A promising modified electrode was fabricated by polymerization a conductive polymer film of dipicolinic acid (DPA) onto gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐cysteine‐gold electrode (Au). The morphology of poly(DPA)‐AuNP‐Au electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This chemically modified electrode was used for electrochemical determination of cadmium and zinc in aqueous media using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The result showed that the modified electrode could clearly resolve the anodic stripping peaks of zinc and cadmium. The linear analytical curves were obtained in the ranges of 0.020–25.0 and 0.045–17.0 µM for zinc and cadmium respectively. The limit of detections (S/N=3) were 0.008 µM for zinc and 0.015 µM for cadmium.     

Synthesis of 2‐Oxopyridine‐Fused 1,3‐Diazaheterocyclic Compounds via a Three‐Component Reaction

An efficient and simple route for the preparation of 2‐oxopyridine‐fused 1,3‐diazaheterocyclic compounds via a three component reaction is described. It involves the reaction between alkylenediamines 1 , 1,1‐bis(methylsulfanyl)‐2‐nitroethene, and alkyl prop‐2‐ynoates 2 in refluxing THF (Table). The structures were corroborated by spectroscopic (IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and elemental analyses. A plausible mechanism for this type of cyclization is proposed (Scheme).     

Effects of Sucrose and Trehalose on Stability,Kinetic Properties,and Thermal Aggregation of Firefly Luciferase

In this study, we used sugars as stabilizing additives to improve the thermostability and to inhibit aggregation of firefly luciferase. The combination of sucrose and trehalose has a strong stabilizing effect on firefly luciferase activity and prevents its thermoinactivation. These additives can also increase optimum temperature. It has been shown that the presence of both sucrose and trehalose can inhibit thermal aggregation of firefly luciferase and decrease bioluminescence decay rate. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of thermostabilization, we investigated the effects of sucrose and trehalose combination on the secondary structure of luciferase by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Minor changes in content of secondary structure of firefly luciferase are observed upon treatment with additives.     

Investigation of intermolecular interactions in perylene films on Au(111) by infrared spectroscopy

Intermolecular interactions in crystalline perylene films on Au(111) have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dimer modes of vibrations are observed in the crystalline film, in contrast to the monomer modes found for isolated perylene molecules. These dimers are formed via hydrogen bonding in the sandwich herringbone structure of the crystalline α-phase. Davydov splitting of both the monomer and the dimer modes is observed due to resonance dynamic intermolecular interaction. The splitting of monomer modes into three distinct vibrations and the occurrence of the dimer modes confirm that the film crystallizes in the α phase, which is in line with the x-ray diffraction results. The frequency shift and band broadening at elevated temperature have been attributed to the cubic and quartic anharmonic interactions.     

Derivation and synthesis of renewable surfactants

This critical review focuses on the origins and preparation of bio-based surfactants, defined here as non-soap, amphiphilic molecules in which the carbon atoms are derived from annually renewable feedstocks. Environmental concerns and market pressures have led to greater relevance of these chemicals in commercial applications in recent years and extensive research has gone into exploring new classes of surfactants. Highlighted here are examples of bio-based surfactants that are produced on an industrial scale and/or are based on abundant starting materials. The trend of increasing use of renewable resources as starting materials for surfactants is introduced, followed by extensive discussion of the major classes of bio-derived hydrophobes and hydrophiles. Also discussed is the status of research and development with regard to biosynthetically produced surfactants. Finally, concluding remarks address the potential for new surfactant molecular structures as a result of ongoing development in the chemistry of biorefineries, i.e., that the transformation of lignocellulose into fuels is likely to support the manufacturing of new bio-based coproducts (238 references).