Kinetics and mechanism of base-catalyzed hydrolysis of Cu(II)-salicylamide complex

The kinetics of hydrolysis of Cu(II)-salicylamide complex have been studied in sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 to 2.5M). The observed pseudo-first-order rate constants vary according to the empirical equation 1/??_obs = B₁ + B₂/[ōH] up to 2.0 M sodium hydroxide concentration. The mechanism of base-catalyzed hydrolysis has been proposed and it is concluded that the reaction proceeds by the interaction of complex with the nucleophile, forming tetrahedral intermediate which then breaks down to products. The rate equation has been derived. Thermodynamic parameters have also been reported.     

An In Vitro Study of the Interaction of Copper(II) Salicylates with Genomic DNA Using Gel Electrophoresis and Gel Permeation Chromatography

This papers describes the in vitro interaction of copper(II) acetylsalicylate and copper(II) salicylate with genomic DNA isolated from human blood. The two drug substances were found to bind to DNA after incubation with whole blood over night. Bonding was confirmed by detection of separated DNA electrophoresis bands for copper, copper(II) acetylsalicylate, copper(II) salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid. Drug–DNA interactions were observed during electrophoresis in the form of fragmentation by formation of two bands when compared to controls. Gel permeation chromatography parameters also confirmed the occurrence of fragmentation. The use of gel permeation chromatography parameters as a measure of fragmentation of DNA is discussed. The fragmentation of genomic DNA after incubation with copper(II) acetylsalicylate and copper(II) salicylate suggested that these drug substances might be responsible for cytotoxicity in vivo.

     

Spatial-dependent probe transmission based high-precision two-dimensional atomic localization

Herein, we propose a scheme for the realization of two-dimensional atomic localization in aλ-type three-level atomic medium such that the atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a probe field. Because of the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be obtained by monitoring the probe transmission spectra of the weak probe field for the first time. A single and double sharp localized peaks are observed in the one-wavelength domain. We have theoretically archived high-resolution and high-precision atomic localization within a region smaller thanλ/25×λ/25. The results may have potential applications in the field of nano-lithography and advance laser cooling technology.     

Efficient two-dimensional atom localization in a five-level conductive chiral atomic medium via birefringence beam absorption spectrum

We have theoretically investigated two-dimensional atom localization using the absorption spectra of birefringence beams of light in a single wavelength domain.The atom localization is controlled and modified through tunneling effect in a conductive chiral atomic medium with absorption spectra of birefringent beams.The significant localization peaks are investigated in the left and right circularly polarized beam.Single and double localized peaks are observed in different quadrants with minimum uncertainty and significant probability.The localized probability is modified by controlling birefringence and tunneling conditions.These results may be useful for the capability of optical microscopy and atom imaging.     

Study on the stability of supercritical fluid extracted rosemary (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rosmarinus offcinalis</Emphasis> L.) essential oil

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of storage conditions and duration on composition and antioxidant activity of supercritical fluid (SCF) extracted essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Supercritical extraction was carried out sequentially by using SCF carbondioxide in the first two steps and with 5% ethanol as entrainer in the third step. The compositions of the extracts were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The total phenolics were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteau assay. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were tested by β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching method.     

Laser cutting of steel and thermal stress development

In laser cutting of sheet metals, thermal stresses are developed in the region of the cutting section. Depending on the cutting conditions and substrate material properties, the thermal stress levels can attain high values. In the present study, thermal stress developed in the region of the laser cut edges is modeled and temperature as well as stress fields are predicted. Temperature predictions are validated through the experimental results. It was found that the temporal variation of the maximum temperature along y-axis follows the laser heating source. However, temporal variation of von-Mises stress deviates slightly from the temporal variation of temperature along the cutting direction. Increase in scanning speed enhances the von-Mises stress levels due to the attainment of high temperature gradients in the substrate material.     

Microstructure-property relationship in magnetoelectric bulk composites

We present systematic studies that comprise phase connectivity and dielectric, multiferroic (MF) and magnetoelectric (ME) properties of (x) Ni_0.8Co_0.2Fe₂O₄+(1−x) Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.67Ti_0.33O₃ [where x=0.15, 0.30 and 0.45] ME composites prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method. Scanning electron microscopic images of the composites predict different types of connectivity schemes viz 3-0, 3-1 and 3-3. The phase transition temperature of PMN-PT is independent of Ni_0.8Co_0.2Fe₂O₄ content. Room temperature P-E and M-H loops indicate the simultaneous existence of ferroelectric/magnetic ordering. In order to study the possibility of monitoring electrical ordering by means of a magnetic field, ME measurements were carried out. The composition-dependent phase connectivity was well co-related to formation of percolation path and inturn magnetoelectric output.     

On Picard iterations for strongly accretive and strongly pseudo-contractive Lipschitz mappings

In this note, we speed up the convergence of the Picard sequence of iterations for strongly accretive and strongly pseudo-contractive mappings. Our results improve the results of Chidume [C.E. Chidume, Picard iteration for strongly accretive and strongly pseudo-contractive Lipschitz maps, ICTP Preprint no. IC2000098; C.E. Chidume, Iterative Algorithms for Non-expansive Mappings and Some of Their Generalizations, in: Nonlinear Analysis and Applications: To V. Lakshmikantham on his 80th Birthday, vol. 1, 2, Kluwer Acad. Publ, Dordrecht, 2003, pp. 383–429], and Liu [L. Liu, Approximation of fixed points of a strictly pseudo-contractive mapping, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 125 (2) (1997) 1363–1366], and some other known results. The technique of the proof, presented in this paper, is different from the technique used by Chidume.