Catalytic oxidation of phenol in aqueous media over CuZSM-12 zeolite?

Summary The catalytic oxidation of phenol over CuZSM-12 (SAR = 200) has been studied using a semi-batch slurry reactor at temperatures of 110; 120 and 130^oC, and acidic neutral and basic pH. At 130^oC, the phenol undergoes total conversion to carbon dioxide and water in 1.5 h. The kinetic parameters were evaluated using a modified homogeneous-heterogeneous model for the experimental data. Using this modified model, the activation energy for the catalytic oxidation process was ca. 90 kJ mol^-1.     

Identifying quadric bundle structures on complex projective varieties

In this paper we characterize smooth complex projective varieties that admit a quadric bundle structure on some dense open subset in terms of the geometry of certain families of rational curves.      

Joint rolling-horizon scheduling of materials processing and lot-sizing with sequence-dependent setups

A lot sizing and scheduling problem from a foundry is considered in which key materials are produced and then transformed into many products on a single machine. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model is developed, taking into account sequence-dependent setup costs and times, and then adapted for rolling horizon use. A relax-and-fix (RF) solution heuristic is proposed and computationally tested against a high-performance MIP solver. Three variants of local search are also developed to improve the RF method and tested. Finally the solutions are compared with those currently practiced at the foundry.     

Optical studies of carbon nanotubes and nanographites

Resonance Raman and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopies are used to study the optical properties of different types of carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotube, nanoribbons, nanographites and graphite edges. In the resonance Raman experiments of carbon nanotubes, the (n,m) assignment is obtained by comparing the experimental and theoretical diameter and chirality dependence of the optical transitions. The influence of the environment on the optical transitions of the nanotubes is also obtained in the Raman experiments. The PLE measurements in different samples of carbon nanotubes show both direct and phonon-assisted optical transitions, and the results give new evidences that the optical transitions in nanotubes have an excitonic character, which is very strong for the low energy transitions. We also analyze the Raman spectra of nanoribbons and nanographites, showing that this technique is an important tool for defect characterization in graphitic materials, and can be used to distinguish the atomic structure of the graphite edges.     

Structural,magnetic and transport properties of ion beam deposited Co thin films

Magnetic nanostructures display new and interesting physical phenomena and are currently used in a large variety of applications. We studied the structural, magnetic and transport properties of Co thin films deposited by ion beam sputtering. We probed the influence of the buffer layer material (Al, Cu, Ru or Ta) and thickness (10–100 Å) on the structural properties of Co thin films. Using X-ray diffraction we observed that textured fcc Co films can be grown on amorphous Ta as thin as 20 Å but for the other buffer layers no texture is observed. We also studied by magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) the magnetic properties of the Co thin films as a function of Co thickness (100–1000 Å). Finally, the electrical resistivity and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) of our Co thin films (on a Ta buffer) was obtained as a function of Co thickness.     

Study of the Ternary Complex Formation between Vanadium(III)-Cysteine and Small Blood Serum Bioligands

The complex species formed between vanadium(III) cysteine and small blood serum bioligands: lactic, oxalic, citric and phosphoric acids were studied in aqueous solution by means of electromotive force measurements, Emf(H), at 25 °C and 3.0 mol⋅dm⁻³ KCl as the ionic medium. The ternary complexes were studied by potentiometric measurements and the data analyzed using the least-squares computational program LETAGROP to obtain the respective stability constants and stoichiometric coefficients. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric measurements were done in order to make a qualitative characterization of the complexes formed in aqueous solution.     

Interaction of catechol and gallic acid with titanium dioxide in aqueous suspensions. 1. Equilibrium studies

The adsorption isotherms of catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) and gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) onto titanium dioxide (Degussa P-25) were measured at various pH values and room temperature using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) data, processed by singular value decomposition. The affinity is largely pH independent, although the deprotonatation of the carboxylic group in gallic acid might produce a slight increase in the affinity. Catechol was shown to form two complexes, with Langmuir stability constants log K of 4.66 (strong mode) and 3.65 (weak mode). Both complexes have the same spectral signature, and mononuclear and binuclear chelate structures are proposed for them. Gallic acid chemisorbs by complexation through two -OH groups and forms one complex only, log K = 4.70. The third -OH and the pendant carboxylate do not influence much the stability of the surface complex. Comparison with literature data demonstrates that the affinity of 4-chlorocatechol is also similar, whereas 2,3-dihidroxynaphthalene and 4-nitrocatechol form more stable complexes, probably because of the solvation contribution to the overall Gibbs adsorption energy. All quoted constants refer to the surface complexation equilibria written as follows: ([triple bond]Ti-OH)2 + H2L = ([triple bond]Ti)2-L + 2H2O, i.e., as electroneutral processes. The FTIR-ATR spectra of the surface complexes are also discussed.     

Determination of copper in powdered chocolate samples by slurry-sampling flame atomic-absorption spectrometry

Chocolate is a complex sample with a high content of organic compounds and its analysis generally involves digestion procedures that might include the risk of losses and/or contamination. The determination of copper in chocolate is important because copper compounds are extensively used as fungicides in the farming of cocoa. In this paper, a slurry-sampling flame atomic-absorption spectrometric method is proposed for determination of copper in powdered chocolate samples. Optimization was carried out using univariate methodology involving the variables nature and concentration of the acid solution for slurry preparation, sonication time, and sample mass. The recommended conditions include a sample mass of 0.2 g, 2.0 mol L^–1 hydrochloric acid solution, and a sonication time of 15 min. The calibration curve was prepared using aqueous copper standards in 2.0 mol L^–1 hydrochloric acid. This method allowed determination of copper in chocolate with a detection limit of 0.4 g g^–1 and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), of 2.5% (n=10) for a copper content of approximately 30 g g^–1, using a chocolate mass of 0.2 g. The accuracy was confirmed by analyzing the certified reference materials NIST SRM 1568a rice flour and NIES CRM 10-b rice flour. The proposed method was used for determination of copper in three powdered chocolate samples, the copper content of which varied between 26.6 and 31.5 g g^–1. The results showed no significant differences with those obtained after complete digestion, using a t-test for comparison.     

Finite element solution of flow between eccentric cylinders with viscous dissipation

A computational study of viscous flow between two eccentrically rotating cylinders is presented in which the effect of viscous dissipation is taken into account. The space discretization is based on piecewise linear finite elements with velocity stabilization, while the method of characteristics is used for time integration. Numerical results illustrate the efficiency of the adopted approach.