3-Aryl-5-[(aryloxy)methyl]-3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-methylisoxazolidine derivatives. Synthesis and antifungal activity

The synthesis and antifungal activity of a novel series of 3-aryl-5-[(aryloxy)methyl]-3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-methyl]-2-methylisoxazolidines are described. The in vitro activity was evaluated in solid agar cultures against a variety of dermatophytes and yeast fungi, while in vivo activity was measured in an immune-compromised mouse model of systemic candidiasis. The activity of the title series was compared to that of ketoconazole and one derivative, the cis-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyloxy)methyl analogue 5f was found to possess a similar potency in the in vivo assay. Structure-activity relationship correlations are also discussed.     

Stereoselectivity in the electrophile-promoted cyclizations of a hydroxyolefin derived from arabinose. Synthesis of a phosphonate isostere of β-(=D)-arabinose-1, 5-diphosphate

Cyclization of droxyolefin 3, either with NBS or Hg(OAc)₂, gives predominantly the β isomer of a $\text{C}$-arabinofuranoside structure. Carbohydrate phosphonate 1 was synthesized from bromide 4a in six steps.     

Studies of the degradation of organotin stabilizers in poly(vinyl chloride) during gamma irradiation

Organotin stabilizers of the type Bu₂SnX₂ (X = SCH₂CO₂C₈H₁₇ or O₂CCH?CHCO₂C₈H₁₇) present in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and subjected to varying doses of gamma irradiation in the range 1–200 kGy (0.1–20 Mrad) are shown to suffer degradation with dealkylation to form monobutyltin trichloride and tin(IV) chloride, which have been characterized by a subsequent alkylation procedure followed by gas chromatographic analysis. The extent of degradation of the stabilizers on prolonged gamma irradiation is much more severe than during thermal degradation leading to comparable blackening of the polymer.     

Photostabilising action of nickel(II) bis(1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-decanoyl-5-pyrazolate), (sanduvor NPU) in polypropylene. Thermal antioxidant action and its relationship to photostabilisation,importance of hydroperoxide decomposition and light stability as a function of concentration

The thermal antioxidant action of Sanduvor NPU in polypropylene film has been examined at the 0.1% w/w concentration level. Infra-red and second-order derivative u.v.-visible spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor degree of oxidation in the films and stabiliser photodecomposition behaviour respectively. Hydroperoxide analysis was employed to determine the degree of thermal oxidation of films in an air oven. It was found that the behaviour of Sanduvor NPU in polypropylene films as a thermal stabiliser parallels its mode of action when used a melt stabiliser. The metal complex is highly effective in inhibiting hydroperoxide formation during extreme oxidative conditions. Hydroperoxide decomposition appears to play no part in this behaviour due to the inability of the complex to destroy these chromophores in solution, and the effect it has is attributed to the very effective chain breaking acceptor mechanism, i.e. macroalkyl radical scavenging. The relationship between embrittlement time and concentration was studied by varying the stabiliser content of the polymer over a wide range. As in the case of other metal chelates, the relationship is not linear, a limiting concentration behaviour is observed. This effect is attributed to the formation during photooxidation of products which promote the degradation of the polymer. This effect has implications on the efficiency of commercial systems.     

Propagation of gravitational waves in Robertson-Walker backgrounds

The electric and magnetic parts of the linearized Weyl tensor, when the stress-energy tensor is that of a perfect fluid and the background is of Robertson-Walker type, are known to satisfy wave equations that differ by the presence of a source term for the electric part. It is shown here that all of the allowed solutions of the inhomogeneous equation can be obtained by applying a differential operator to the solutions of the homogeneous equation; consequently, electric-type and magnetic-type gravitational waves have the same propagation properties. The results of a complete integration of the appropriately linearized Newman-Penrose equations are given.     

Self-reversed line profiles by scanning laser excitation

The theery of self-reversal is examined by observing the emission profile of the sodium D₂ line excited with light from a scanning tunable dye laser, as a function of vapour pressure.     

Difference approximations for wave equations via finite elements II. Error analysis

Difference-like schemes for the wave equation arise naturally from a Galerkin finite-element formulation, if we adopt certain quadrature rules in evaluating the mass and stiffness matrices. One can extend these schemes to problems involving sharp interfaces by applying the quadrature on a refinement of the finite-element grid that includes the interfaces. We develop error estimates for this modified scheme that corroborate numerical results for acoustic and elastic wave equations, presented in a companion article. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Optimizing material strength constants numerically extracted from taylor impact data

Advanced design requirements have dictated a need for the mechanical properties of materials at high strain rates. Mechanical testing for these data poses a significant problem for experimentalists. High-speed testing machines have a limited capability at rates approaching 10²/s. The split Hopkinson pressure bar is the most reliable alternative for rates approaching 10⁴/s. Plate impact experiments are capable of generating strain rates of 10⁸/s and higher. The Taylor impact test occupies a place of particular importance by providing data at strain rates on the order of 10⁴/s–10⁵/s. The issue at present is extracting the data. This paper provides a method for obtaining dynamic strength model material constants from a single Taylor impact test. A polynomial response surface is used to describe the volume difference (error) between the deformed specimen from the Taylor test and the results of a computer simulation. The volume difference can be minimized using an optimizer, with the result being an optimum set of material constants. This method was applied to the modified Johnson-Cook model for OFHC copper. Starting from a nominal set of material constants, the iterative process improved the relative volume difference from 23.1 percent to 4.5 percent. Other starting points were used that yielded similar results. The material constants were validated by comparing numerical results with Taylor tests of cylinders having varying aspect ratios, calibers and impact velocities.