索网主动反射面初始平衡状态的确定

结合大射电望远镜中索网主动反射面实例给出了一种基于最小二乘优化模型求解索网结构初始平衡状态的方法.该模型以悬索长度和节点外力载荷为设计变量,在一定的约束条件下追求索网的平衡状态与指定的几何形状最为接近.根据悬索悬链线解析表达式推导出索端位置和索端拉力与悬索长度之间的关系,从而可以得到优化所需的敏度信息.数值算例中给出了分析的详细过程,验证了算法的有效性.     

Identification of Radial Distance of Plasma Dispersionless Injection Boundary from the Injection Source

Measurements of energetic particles obtained by the two geosynchronous satellites （1991-080 and LANL-97A） are performed to investigate the plasma injection boundary and source region during the magnetospheric substorms. The measurement method is developed to allow remote sensing of the plasma injection time and the radial distance of injection boundaries by using measured energy dispersion and modelling particle drifts within the Volland-Stern electric field and the dipole magnetic field model. The radial distance of the injection boundary deduced from a dispersion event observed by the LANL-97A satellite on 14 June 1998 is 7.1RE, and the injection time agrees well with the substorm onset time identified by the Polar Ultraviolet Imager. The method has been applied to an event happened at 22.9 UT on 11 March 1998, when both the satellites （1991-080 and LANL-97A） observed the dispersionless character. The results indicate that the radial distance of injection source locates at 8.1RE at magnetotail, and particles move earthward from magnetotail into inner magnetosphere at 22.5 UT.     

物理教学中的理想化方法

在大学教学中,激发学生创造性地发现问题解决问题的能力是教学的中心任务,物理学中的理想化方法是科学方法之一．本文探讨了物理教学中怎样引入讲授理想化方法．     

逐孔起爆震动参数预报的BP神经网络模型

根据神经网络理论,结合逐孔起爆技术的特点,建立了爆破震动参数预报的BP网络模型。以某矿 山深孔台阶爆破为例,利用逐孔起爆过程中收集的原始资料和爆破震动监测数据,对建立的BP网络模型进 行了训练和应用。与实测值比较后发现,BP网络模型的预报结果更接近实测值。     

Anisotropic character of atoms in a two-dimensional Frenkel–Kontorova model

The dynamics of a certain density of interacting atoms arranged on a two-dimensional square lattice, which is made to slide over a two-dimensional periodic substrate potential with also the quare lattice symmetry, in the presence of dissipation, by an externally applied driving force, is studied. By rotating the misfit angle θ, the dynamical behaviour displays two different tribological regimes: one is smooth, the other becomes intermittent. We comment both on the nature of the atomic dynamics in the locked-to-sliding transition, and on the dynamical states displayed during the atom motion at different values of the driving force. In tribological applications, we also investigate how the main model parameters such as the stiffness strength and the magnitude of the adhesive force affect the static friction of the system. In particular, our simulation indicates that the superlubricity will appear.     

Effects of dust size distribution in ultracold quantum dusty plasmas

The effect of dust size distribution in ultracold quantum dusty plasmas are investigated in this paper. How the dispersion relation and the propagation velocity for the quantum dusty plasma vary with the system parameters and the different dust distribution are studied. It is found that as the Fermi temperature of the dust grains increases the frequency of the wave increases for large wave number dust acoustic wave. The quantum parameter of H_d also increases the frequency of the large wave number dust acoustic wave. It is also found that the frequency ω₀ and the propagation velocity v₀ of quantum dust acoustic waves all increase as the total number density increases. They are greater for unusual dusty plasmas than those of the usual dusty plasma.     

基于向量楔积的两体量子系统的纠缠度量

由于量子状态对应为一个Hilbert空间中的单位向量,因此利用向量的几何性质刻画量子状态的纠缠性是一个有趣的数学物理交叉课题.已有学者基于两个向量的楔积的模长在两体纯态系统C²■C²上定义了纠缠度量,其模长在几何上对应于平面上的一个定向平行四边形的面积.该文利用向量的楔积的模长进一步给出了两体纯态系统C³■C³和C^d■C^d上的纠缠度量,在几何上它们分别对应于一个定向平行六面体和d×(d-1)×…×4个定向平行六面体的体积.此外,提出了判定可分态的几何判据.结果表明,基于几何意义定义的纠缠度量是一种既简单又直观的度量方法.     

退火温度对Ta_2O_5/SiO_2多层反射膜结构和应力特性的影响

介质膜反射镜是星载激光测高仪系统中不可缺少的薄膜元件,其面形质量直接影响探测系统测距的分辨率和精度.本文采用离子束辅助电子束蒸发工艺在石英基底上沉积Ta_2O_5/SiO_2多层反射膜,并在200—600℃的空气中做退火处理.通过X射线衍射、原子力显微镜、分光光度计及激光干涉仪等测试手段,系统研究了退火温度对Ta_2O_5/SiO_2多层反射膜结构、光学性能以及应力特性的影响.结果表明:Ta_2O_5/SiO_2多层反射膜退火后,膜层结构保持稳定,膜层表面粗糙度得到有效改善;反射膜在500—600℃退火后,残余应力由压应力向张应力转变;采用合适的退火温度可以有效释放Ta_2O_5/SiO_2薄膜的残余应力,使薄膜与基底构成的介质膜反射镜具有较好的面形精度.本文的实验结果对退火工艺在介质膜反射镜面形控制技术方面的应用具有重要意义.     

准脆性材料中强不连续问题的数值方法若干应用及其研究进展

综述了模拟准脆性材料开裂过程的数值计算方法的研究进展和工程应用,比较了表征强不连续问题的显式非连续模型和隐式非连续模型的优缺点.结合混凝土粘结裂纹, 重点讨论了嵌入非连续模型,扩展有限元方法和富集有限元技术等非连续方法的构造特征和本质区别.从各种富集方法的理论完备性考察,以假定发展应变为基础的嵌入非连续方法虽然可以解决混凝土开裂过程中的应力锁死,满足内部边界的静力平衡条件以及反映开裂后的位移不连续问题,但嵌入非连续所采用的富集函数在开裂单元中并不能满足协调条件,使非连续两侧的应变不独立. 其局限性是由于富集自由度在单元的水平上引入,而以单位分解为基础的扩展有限元和富集有限元的富集函数以节点自由度的方式引入,除具有嵌入非连续的优点, 还可以有效消除嵌入非连续引起裂纹两侧应变的相互影响.文中同时指出了网格重构技术,弥散裂纹模型的局限性以及扩展有限元和富集有限元技术在构造方式上的细微差别.对于节点自由度方式引入的富集函数, 其操作困难性在文中也作了说明.      

第40届国际化学奥林匹克理论试题

第40届国际化学奥林匹克竞赛于2008年7月12～21日在匈牙利首都布达佩斯举行.67个国家和地区共261名学生参加了本届竞赛.