中国制氢技术的发展现状

氢能是一种高效清洁的二次能源,在实现“碳中和”目标中起重要作用。随着制氢规模不断扩大、制氢成本不断降低,氢能将有望与电能共同成为二次能源主体,通过氢电互补推动我国能源结构转型、降低碳排放、保障我国能源安全。目前,我国已成为世界第一大产氢国,主要有三类工业制氢路线:化石燃料重整制氢、工业副产氢和清洁能源电解水制氢。依托清洁能源发展起来的其他制氢新技术,如太阳能光解水制氢、生物质制氢、核能制氢等也受到广泛研究和关注。此外,制氢系统组成复杂,建模和优化难度高,人工智能在制氢系统的预测、评估和优化方面表现出独特的优势,受到国际学者的关注。本文结合最新研究进展,对上述制氢路线的发展情况进行了综述,并通过技术成熟度、经济性和环保性比较,结合国情对我国未来氢气供应结构做出展望。同时,本文综述了人工智能在制氢系统中的最新应用进展,以期为我国制氢工艺发展提供新思路。     

辉光放电光源中激发过程的研究

自Grimm灯问世以来,GD光源在Cu合金、Al合金、钢铁、非金属、表面涂层等方面有着广泛的应用。在冶金分析方面有些数据表明,GD光源优于高重复率光源。在表面分析方面,有些作者认为GDOS实际上也是表面分析的一种手段。因此对GD光源中的放电特性和激发过程的进一步研究是有意义的。     

PE熔体流动速率标准物质的研制

介绍PE熔体流动速率标准物质的研制过程。采用聚合物共混技术制备标准物质,6家实验室协作定值,定值方法采用GB／T3682—2000标准。研制的PE熔体流动速率标准物质的均匀性、稳定性良好,定值结果准确、可靠。标准物质的稳定期大于1a,标准值为20．10g／(10min),扩展不确定度为0．46g／(10min)。     

有机钼及其复合纳米润滑添加剂的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用X-P型销-盘摩擦磨损试验机和MRS-10J型四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了N68MD、N68ME、N68和SAE404种含有机钼及其复合纳米润滑添加剂的润滑油的摩擦磨损性能,分别采用扫描电子显微镜和电子衍射能量谱仪分析了摩擦副的磨损形貌及其磨损表面元素分布情况.结果表明:在N68MD润滑时,钢/钢摩擦副具有较低的摩擦系数和磨损量,并且具有良好的抗极压性能;在N68ME润滑时,钢/钢摩擦副除了表现出很小的摩擦系数和良好的抗极压性能以外,还表现出优异的自修复功能,这是由于有机钼与纳米铜协同作用的结果.     

高效液相色谱-等离子质谱联用分析食品中的主要有机砷和无机砷

应用液相色谱-等离子质谱联用的方法分析食品样品中的主要有机砷(一甲基砷和二甲基砷)和无机砷(三价砷和五价砷)。 采用50%(体积分数)甲醇水溶液作为萃取剂,将食品样品进行预处理,再以5 mmol/L四丁氢铵,2 mmol/L丙二酸和5%(体积分数)甲醇水溶液作为流动相(pH 5.9),C18色谱柱(150 mm×4 mm i.d., 5 μm)将样品萃取液进行液相色谱分离,最后进入等离子质谱仪定性分析。 经测定发现,新鲜蔬菜和水果样品中主要含有的无机砷为三价砷和五价砷,有机砷为二甲基砷。一甲基砷在个别样品     

旋转锥面$l_\infty$拟合的截断光滑化牛顿法

In this paper, the rotated cone fitting problem is considered. In case the measured data are generally accurate and it is needed to fit the surface within expected error bound, it is more appropriate to use l∞ norm than 12 norm. l∞ fitting rotated cones need to minimize, under some bound constraints, the maximum function of some nonsmooth functions involving both absolute value and square root functions. Although this is a low dimensional problem, in some practical application, it is needed to fitting large amount of cones repeatedly, moreover, when large amount of measured data are to be fitted to one rotated cone, the number of components in the maximum function is large. So it is necessary to develop efficient solution methods. To solve such optimization problems efficiently, a truncated smoothing Newton method is presented. At first, combining aggregate smoothing technique to the maximum function as well as the absolute value function and a smoothing function to the square root function, a monotonic and uniform smooth approximation to the objective function is constructed. Using the smooth approximation, a smoothing Newton method can be used to solve the problem. Then, to reduce the computation cost, a truncated aggregate smoothing technique is applied to give the truncated smoothing Newton method, such that only a small subset of component functions are aggregated in each iteration point and hence the computation cost is considerably reduced.     

高温固体氧化物电解池钙钛矿型氧电极材料Ba_xSr_(1-x)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)结构计算与性能研究

研究和开发高性能的钙钛矿型混合电导氧化物是目前高温固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)氧电极材料研究的热点.选择BaxSr1-xCo0.8Fe0.2O3-δ系列材料,通过对材料的容差因子、关口半径、晶格自由体积等计算,以及对平均键能、B位离子的变价能力、催化活性等方面的分析,确定了A位最佳配比.对优化出的Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ材料的电化学性能进行了研究,并与自制的La0.2Sr0.8MnO3(LSM)氧电极材料进行了比较.结果表明:850℃下阳极极化阻抗(ASR)仅为0.07Ωcm2,远低于LSM;将其应用于SOEC氧电极进行高温电解制氢试验,产氢速率为相同条件下LSM的2.3倍,说明将Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ用作SOEC阳极材料具有很好的应用前景.     

Existence of Periodic Solutions for Odd Order Ordinary Differential Equations via the Homotopy Method

This paper deals with the problems of finding periodic solutions for the third order ordinary differential equations of the form (1) where T is a fixed positive number and f satisfies some additional conditions which will be stated later.The periodicity problem has been one of main topics in the qualitative theory of ordinary     

Globally Convergent Interior Point Methods for Variational Inequalities in Unbounded Sets

The finite-dimensional variational inequality problem (VIP) has been studied extensively in the literature because of its successful applications in many fields such as economics, transportation, regional science and operations research. Barker and Pang[1] have given an excellent survey of theories, methods and applications of VIPs.     

求解线性互补问题的同伦方法

It is well known that a linear complementarity problem (LCP) can be formulated as a system of nonsmooth equations F(x) = 0, where F is a map from Rninto itself. Using the aggregate function, we construct a smooth Newton homotopy H(x,t) = 0. Under certain assumptions, we prove the existence of a smooth path defined by the Newton homotopy which leads to a solution of the original problem, and study limiting properties of the homotopy path.