NETWORK ENCAPSULATION OF NANOMETER CaCO_3

The encapsulation of stearic acid coated nanometer CaCO3 by a polystyrene (PS) network via emulsion polymerization is described, where γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) was used as an efficient crosslinker. The important factors such as the type and amount of surfactant and initiator and the content of CaCO3 are investigated as well as the role of MPS. It has been shown that little PS was extractable with only 0.6 wt% of MPS (relative to styrene). The cationic surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) proved more effective than the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS). The yield rises, particles become smaller and size distribution broadens with increased amount of CTAB. It is also found that either 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or ammonium persulfate (APS) is suitable for attaining high monomer conversion. With increased amount of CaCO3, the encapsulation ratio can be varied from 17.9 to 3.6, while monomer conversion and yield decrease slightly. FT-IR spectra of the products after extraction indicate tight encapsulation between PS and CaCO3, and TEM photographs of composite particles with well-defined core-shell structure give direct evidence of encapsulation.     

Preparation of POE/PS blends with fine particle sizes by diffusion and subsequent polymerization of styrene in POE pellets

Ethylene-α-octene copolymer(POE)/polystyrene(PS) blend pellets with fine particle sizes were prepared by diffusion and subsequent polymerization of styrene in POE pellets through a one-pot procedure.The effects of the amounts of styrene and BPO on PS content,monomer efficiency and monomer conversion were investigated.The blend pellets were characterized by Micro-FTIR and FESEM,showing homogeneous diametrical distributions of PS and particle size.After melt-processing into rods,the average particle sizes are almost doubled,but still in submicron scale.Compared to neat POE rods,the blend rods with PS content higher than 15% exhibit improved tensile modulus and tensile strength without significantly losing ductility,being attributed to the small sizes,complex nature of particles and the existence of POE-g-PS copolymer that result in good interfacial adhesion.POE/PS pellets were compared with the previously reported PP/PS pellets,and the differences between the two systems are attributed to the different morphology of the two matrices: POE is completely amorphous at the diffusion and polymerization temperature,while i PP is semicrystalline.Without efficient impediment of the crystal lamellae in POE pellets,styrene diffuses easily in POE pellets.     

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/carbon black composite fibers prepared by electrospinning

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)/carbon black(CB) composite fibers with improved mechanical properties in tensile modulus and tensile strength are prepared by eletrospinning. Stable dispersions suitable for electrospinning are obtained by dispersing melt pre-compounded PET/CB composites in hexafluoroisopropanol. The fiber morphology and CB dispersion are investigated by FESEM and TEM. The addition of CB has no obvious effect on fiber diameter, and the average fiber diameters for all the samples are around 2-3 μm. CB in the fibers is in the form of submicron-sized clusters. The thermal properties of the PET/CB composite fibers are evaluated by DSC, showing almost unchanged melting temperature and crystallinity. Uniaxial tensile tests are used to measure the mechanical properties of the PET/CB composite fiber mats. The fiber mats containing 1 wt%-8.5 wt% CB have significantly improved tensile modulus compared to neat PET fiber mat, showing reinforcing effect of CB. The electrical conductivity of the fiber mats has also been tested.     

颗粒内受限聚合法制备PP/POE/PS合金

以等规聚丙烯/乙烯-辛烯共聚物(PP/POE)合金颗粒为扩散基体, 苯乙烯(St)为扩散单体, 利用颗粒内受限聚合法制备了PP/POE/PS三元合金. 结果表明, 对于POE质量分数为20%~40%的PP/POE合金颗粒, St均可扩散至直径为4 mm的颗粒中心部位, 在POE非晶相中生成相尺寸为几十至几百纳米的PS球. 在PP/POE合金颗粒的不同部位, 因POE相尺寸及单体的吸附量不同, 生成的PS相尺寸也不同, 在颗粒中心部位生成的PS球最小. 研究了St在PP/POE(质量比80: 20)颗粒中的扩散-聚合行为, 结果表明, St在合金颗粒中的扩散速率和扩散饱和值远大于在纯PP颗粒中的扩散速率和饱和值, 这主要是因为PP/POE合金颗粒中的非晶POE相有利于扩散. 改变单体投料量可以获得具有不同PS含量的PP/POE/PS三元合金. 结晶性能研究结果表明, PS在非晶POE相中的优先分布会使POE相体积增大, 从而使PP的结晶温度和熔融温度降低. 随着PS量的进一步增大, 分布在PP中的PS对PP有结晶成核作用.     

基于低分子量凝胶因子的超分子水凝胶：从结构到功能*

基于低分子量凝胶因子的超分子水凝胶由于其良好的刺激相应性及生物相容性,在智能凝胶、组织工程等方面有广泛的应用前景。而凝胶因子的设计制备与凝胶机理的研究已成为其发展的关键,本文在介绍超分子凝胶的基本概念的基础上,综述了超分子水凝胶近期的研究进展,主要介绍了凝胶因子的种类及超分子水凝胶的应用,并对超分子凝胶领域的国内外研究现状及前景进行了评述。     

显微红外光谱法研究聚丙烯纳米复合材料的光氧化降解

采用显微红外(AIM)光谱法,结合偏光显微镜(POM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对聚丙烯/碳酸钙(PP/CaCO₃)和聚丙烯/二氧化硅(PP/SiO₂)纳米复合材料中光氧化降解沿深度的分布进行了研究。结果表明,无论是纯聚丙烯还是聚丙烯纳米复合材料,试样的光氧化降解都是氧扩散控制过程,由表面逐渐向内部发展。纳米碳酸钙和纳米二氧化硅的加入都显著地促进了PP基体的光氧化降解,二氧化硅的影响更为严重。纳米填料的含量越高,复合材料的氧化程度也越高,但氧化层的厚度却基本不变,都在200 μm左右,当样品表面严重老化至表面脱落后,氧化继续向内部进行。氧化层的厚度主要是由试样成型过程中形成的表面过渡区的厚度决定的。     

A Novel Frequency Measurement Method Suitable for a Large Frequency Ratio Condition

As for the obstacles to direct comparison between superhigh and lower frequencies, we accomplish the accurate comparison between low and microwave frequencies with the 10^5 ratios of the operating frequencies on the basis of phase comparison between the signals whose frequencies are related by an arbitrary integer. This method is simple and accurate, and will be widely used as a special frequency comparison approach.     

周期极化KTiOPO4晶体连续倍频绿光输出

采用外加电场极化方法，在Z切1mm厚的KTiOPO4晶体中实现了周期性极化反转。晶体的极化反转周期为9．0／μm，相互作用长度为3mm。波长为1．064μm的基频光功率为900mW，晶体中心温度为32℃时，获得0．532μm、22μW的倍频绿光输出，二次谐波转换效率为0．0024％。     

周期极化KTP晶体光参量振荡特性研究

基于较新的Sellmeier方程,研究了周期极化钛氧磷酸钾(KTiOPO₄简称KTP)晶体光参量振荡的容差特性,给出了极化反转光栅周期、晶体温度及泵浦光波长的调谐曲线和带宽的容差特性曲线,并与PPLN晶体作了比较数值计算结果与已有实验数据吻合较好.     

PS/CaCO_3复合纳米粒子及PS纳米空心球的制备研究

以CaCO3为核,采用原位乳液聚合法合成了表面接枝型和交联型PS/CaCO3复合纳米粒子,然后用稀盐酸刻蚀,得到PS纳米空心球.考察了乳化剂类型和用量、引发剂加入方式、加料间隔对乳液稳定性以及复合粒子收率、PS接枝效率的影响,并采用TGA、FT-IR和TEM等手段对刻蚀前后粒子的组成及形貌进行了表征.结果表明,阳离子型乳化剂更有利于乳液体系的稳定性;CTAB用量为3.7%~5.5%时,可获得较高的收率和接枝效率,随CTAB用量增加,粒径减小,分布变宽;AIBN应避免和单体、CaCO3粒子一起超声波处理,否则会导致不可逆凝聚;随着加料间隔延长,收率和接枝效率下降,一步加料法可获得具有高收率和高接枝效率(或交联程度)的复合粒子;经刻蚀,两种类型的复合粒子均可以制得空心粒子,但经过交联的聚合物外壳具有更好的尺寸和形状稳定性,刻蚀后仍然能保持球状的外形.