基于粗糙集理论的知识约简及应用实例

在保持分类能力不变的前提下 ,通过利用粗糙集理论中的知识约简方法 ,在保护知识库分类不变的条件下 ,删除其中不相关或不重要的知识 ,从而导出问题的决策 .利用基于决策表的粗糙集模型算法 ,实例分析如何数字化表示决策表 ,并对其进行属性约简和属性值的约简 ,从而提取决策规则 .     

成功实现硼幻数团簇的合成和有序组装

众所周知,碳元素具有多种形式的低维结构,包括富勒烯(零维)、碳纳米管/纳米条带(一维)、石墨烯(二维)。由于表面效应、尺寸效应和量子效应,这些低维碳结构表现出丰富的物理性质,比如金属型狄拉克费米子、超导性、超顺磁性等,在信息和能源领域具有广泛的应用前景。硼是化学周期表第5号元素,和碳相邻,同时具有更轻的原子质量,因此自然就有了一系列问题,硼元素是否也能产生多种多样的低维结构？低维硼结构具有怎样的原子排布形式？其物理性质如何？     

磁性复合材料在固相萃取食品中环境类雌激素的应用进展EI北大核心CSCD

环境类雌激素作为食品中一类典型的污染物,严重影响人体内分泌系统的功能与代谢。磁性固相萃取因其简洁高效、富集倍数高、适用范围广等优点,已被广泛应用于食品中环境类雌激素的富集检测。Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米粒子作为经典的磁固相萃取材料,易于形成大分子团聚物,影响其选择吸附性能,限制了磁固相萃取技术在食品中环境类雌激素的痕量分析。新兴的磁性复合材料可有效地解决上述问题,已成为磁固相萃取技术的研究热点之一。本文综述了近5年来新兴的磁性聚合物复合材料、磁性碳基复合材料和磁性金属-有机骨架复合材料在食品中环境类雌激素富集检测的应用进展。     

Imaginary Part of the Surface Tension of Water

We report a direct measurement of the imaginary part of the surface tension of water through a dynamic scheme using a thin vertical glass fiber of diameter of 3 tun with one end glued onto a cantilever beam and the other end touching a water-air interface. The frequency dependence of the dissipation factor experienced by the glass fiber is exactly calculated through measuring the phase delay with various frequencies when the glass fiber is forced to oscillate vertically. We find the same intercept at the dissipation factor axis for different frequency dependences of the dissipation factor for different depths by which the glass fiber is dipped into water. This nonzero dissipation factor at zero frequency presents direct evidence of the existence of the imaginary part of surface tension of water and yields a complex surface tension of water σ^＊ = 0.073 ＋ i（0.017 ± 0.002） N/m at room temperature.     

Growth of Atomically Flat Ultra-Thin Ag Films on Si（111） by Introducing a √3×√3-Ga Buffer Layer

Growth of high-quality ultra-thin Ag film is of great interest from both scientific and technological viewpoints. First, ultra-thin metal fihns are model systems utilized to investigate quantum size effects （QSE）. When the film thickness is comparable to the Fermi wavelength of an electron, quantized energy lev- els known as quantum well states are produced in the surface normal direction. High-quality metal films with uniform thickness can effectively suppress in- homogeneous broadening of the thickness-dependent quantum levels to manifest quantum size effects. Secondly, Ag is the most widely used material for sur- face plasmonic devices, and high-quality Ag films have already shown the capability of supporting surface plasmon propagation fbr an extremely long distance. Moreover, ultra-thin Ag films can act as an excel- lent substrate for integrating various nano and low- dimensional structures. For instance, silicene, which is a two-dimensional （2D） sheet composed of silicon similar to graphene, has recently attracted intense attention. Ag （111） surface is widely recognized as the most important substrate suitable for the growth of silicene, while Ag films are much more cost-effective candidates for expensive single crystal Ag（111） sub- strates.     

草酸钙结石形态的红外光谱分析

草酸钙结石主要是以一水草酸钙(COM)、二水草酸钙(COD)的形式存在。在解决缺少COD标样的难题后,将制备的COD样品与COM标样混合,然后采用红外光谱法对混合物进行分析研究,采用谱带比值法,确定了COD和COM在660和610 cm-1处与780和520 cm-1处的吸收度比值(R)与质量分数(w)的关系式,其线性回归方程分别为:R=11.95×10-3wCOD 0.873 61,r=0.983 63;R=4.74×10-3wCOD 0.886 52,r=0.992 44。同时为了减少压片、测定等因素引起的误差,采用零点交叉一阶导数法,测定在1 320 cm-1处吸收度一阶导数与COD质量分数(w)的关系式,其线性回归方程I=5.5×10-5w 9.2×10-5,r=0.996 60。线性良好。     

离子色谱法测定生产废水中的毕克草

建立了用离子色谱测定毕克草含量的方法。选用NJ-SA-4A型阴离子分析柱,以7.2 mmol/L碳酸钠-1.5 mmol/L碳酸氢钠作淋洗液,流速为1.5 mL/min,电导检测器检测。该方法具有良好的线性关系,精密度高,检出限为0.026 mg/L,两个加标水平下的回收率分别为99.88%和99.78%,相对标准偏差分别为0.27%和0.34%。     

高通量研磨-X射线荧光光谱法测定不同植源性食品中硒含量北大核心

为了提高食品的样品检验效率,采用高通量研磨制备样品,利用X射线荧光光谱法对食品中硒含量进行检测。重点研究了样品含水率、样品颗粒粒径、研磨条件、检测条件等因素对检测结果的影响。结果表明:样品干基含水量小于20%,样品颗粒粒径小于100μm;高通量研磨条件为装样量3 g,频率30 Hz,研磨3 min;高精度X射线荧光光谱仪检测条件为检装样量0.2 g,PP膜压紧,检测90 s时的情况下,硒的检出限0.01 mg/kg,仪器的精密度小于5%,与粉碎法进行对比,相对偏差在-10.37%~8.05%。说明高通量研磨-X射线荧光光谱法检测食品中硒含量的方法快速、准确,可以满足批量样品现场检测分析需求。     

Symmetry Breaking and Reversible Hydrogenation of Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Sn_2Bi

The hydrogenation of two-dimensional(2D) systems can efficiently modify the physical and chemical properties of materials.Here we report a systematic study on the hydrogenation of 2D semiconductor Sn₂Bi on Si(111)by scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and first principle calculations.The unique butterfly-like and trench-like features were observed for single H adsorption sites and hydrogen-saturated surfaces respectively,from which the bridge-site adsorption geometry can be unam...     

Dehydrogenation Induced Formation of Chiral Core-Shell Arrays of Melamine on Ag(111)

The structural evolution of supramolecular phases of melamine on Ag(111) surface as a function of annealing temperature is investigated by employing low-temper at ure scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy(LTSTM/STS).It is found that partial deprotonation of the melamine molecules leads to formation of distinct types of ordered supramolecular arrangements.Apart from two previously reported phases(α and β),a new phase comprising arrays of close-packed hexagonal core-shell-type clusters is ide...