可见光响应Cu-Cu2+1O复合材料的水热法一步合成

采用水热合成法, 以Cu(NO3)2为原料, 乙二醇为溶剂和还原剂, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮k30(PVP)为表面活性剂, 一步合成可见光响应Cu-Cu2+1O 金属-半导体复合材料. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)观测复合材料的相结构、表观形貌、粒子尺寸和光谱特征. 以苯酚为模型物, 氙灯照射下测试催化剂活性. 结果显示表面活性剂PVP的加入对产物晶相结构不产生影响, 但促进Cu2+1O还原, 并影响Cu和Cu2+1O两种粒子的尺寸分布和界面结合, 进而影响产物的催化性能. 活性测试结果表明, Cu-Cu2+1O金属-半导体复合材料具有可见光催化活性, 其对苯酚降解符合一级反应动力学.     

置换反应制备Pd-Fe双金属催化剂及其催化加氢性能

以Fe(CO)5为前体采用超声法合成纳米Fe胶体粒子,通过Fe胶体与PdCl2发生金属置换反应制备出活性炭负载Pd-Fe双金属催化剂.研究了表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对制备负载型催化剂的影响.采用XRD、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、TEM、EDX等表征手段对催化剂进行表征,以苯乙炔加氢反应为探针反应考察了Fe含量对于催化剂催化性能的影响.结果表明加氢催化活性较差的金属组分Fe在合适的比例下可以促进Pd基催化剂的加氢催化活性和选择性,然而,过多的Fe也会降低其催化活性.     

聚合物负载金属纳米粒子型核壳结构催化剂的研究

核壳结构聚合物负载型催化剂因其载体材料独特的结构、形貌和性质而具有优异的催化活性,成为了催化化学领域研究的热点。本文综述了聚合物负载金属纳米粒子型核壳结构催化剂,包括球形聚合物刷负载金属纳米粒子、聚合物中空微球负载金属纳米粒子、聚合物实心微球表面包覆金属纳米粒子等类型催化剂的制备及其相应的催化性能,强调了各类载体的组成和结构特点对催化活性及其稳定性的影响。最后总结了该类催化材料的优势和不足,并对其性能和应用进行了展望。     

表面活性剂对Fe-Mn/ZSM-5/CC整体式催化剂结构及NOx催化还原性能的影响

添加不同表面活性剂聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇4000、羧甲基纤维素配制涂覆浆液,制备堇青石蜂窝陶瓷负载的Fe-Mn/ZSM-5整体式催化剂.考察了不同表面活性剂及聚乙二醇4000添加量对Fe-Mn/ZSM-5/CC催化剂的涂覆率及NOx催化还原性能的影响.结果显示,表面活性剂的种类和添加量对整体式催化剂的涂覆效果和催化活性均有明显的影响,当聚乙二醇4000加入量为15%时,浆料的涂覆率和稳定性均最好,所制备的整体式催化剂在160~430℃范围内NOx转化率达到了95%以上.同时采用XRD、N2-吸附脱附、扫描电镜等技术对整体式催化剂涂层均匀性、微孔结构和表面形貌进行了分析.结果表明,在堇青石表面所形成的涂层均匀性和覆盖度与整体式催化剂的SCR催化活性有直接的关系,同时,较多的微孔结构也有利于催化剂活性的提高.     

Au/ZrLa掺杂CeO_2催化剂在CO氧化反应中优异的催化活性:锆镧协同作用（英文）

在过去的25年,纳米金催化剂上CO氧化反应得到广泛研究,但始终没有一致的结论.这是因为影响纳米金催化活性的因素很多,包括金的价态、载体的性质、氧空位、金属与载体之间的相互作用等,尤其是各影响因素之间相互牵制,增加了催化反应机理的研究难度.氧化铈载体表面氧缺陷的浓度较高,有利于活性金属组分在其表面的稳定和分散,因此氧化铈纳米晶负载的Au催化剂受到广泛关注.此外,当CeO_2晶格中部分Ce被化学性质不同的其它元素取代后,可以促进CeO_2晶格氧的活化,提高氧的储放能力,从而有利于催化反应进行.因此,本文采用水热法合成了组成均匀的CeO_2,CeZrO_x和CeZrLaO_x三个载体,并通过沉淀-沉积法负载金.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)和氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)等技术分析了催化剂的物相结构、表面性质、形貌以及金纳米颗粒的大小和价态等性质,并结合其在CO氧化反应中催化性能的差异,探讨影响金催化剂活性的关键因素.XRD,TEM,HRTEM和XAFS结果表明,三个载体上所得金纳米颗粒的平均尺寸都在2–4nm,且分散较好;XPS结果表明,影响催化剂活性的关键因素不是金的价态,而是载体表面的活性氧物种.从Raman结果可知,掺杂后的氧化铈载体上氧空位浓度明显增加,因而催化剂活性都有所提高.H_2-TPR进一步探讨了三个载体以及负载金后其氧化还原能力的变化,结果表明,金和载体之间的相互作用可以增强载体的氧化还原性能以及表面氧空位浓度,进一步提高了催化剂活性,而负载金催化剂氧化还原性能的变化与载体的组成密切相关.由于锆的掺杂可使金与载体之间相互作用减弱,而镧则增强了二者间相互作用,因此Au/CeZrLaO_x催化剂上锆和镧的协同掺杂作用使其表面活性氧物种浓度最高,低温时表现出最高的催化活性.     

有机氢化物可逆储氢循环中脱氢催化剂的研究进展

有机氢化物脱氢催化剂的研究是有机氢化物可逆储氢技术得以循环运用的关键.首先对若干不同有机氢化物储氢循环中的脱氢反应机理进行了分析,考察了采用密度泛函理论(DFT)结合研究实例对不同活性组分的脱氢性能进行分析预测的催化剂设计策略,讨论了不同单金属及双金属催化剂的脱氢性能,比较了不同活性金属种类及含量、不同的载体及其改性处理、不同的制备方法对催化剂电子性能、结构及其催化活性的影响.建议采用将DFT理论预测和表面科学实验、先进的催化剂合成方法三者有机结合,以完成优良脱氢催化剂的理性设计,从而获得具有良好催化活性的脱氢催化剂.     

有序介孔有机金属Au(I)催化剂催化水相炔烃水合制备甲基酮

采用表面活性剂自组装、有机金属硅烷与苯基硅烷共聚法制备了有机金属Au(I)嵌于介孔材料孔壁的非均相催化剂Au(I)-PPh2-PMO(Ph).结果表明,Au(I)-PPh2-PMO(Ph)催化剂的活性位分散均匀,孔道不易堵塞,对反应物的扩散与传质影响较小,其催化活性不仅明显高于后嫁接法制得的Au(I)-PPh2-PMO(Ph)-G和均相Au(PPh3)Cl催化剂,且可以重复使用,显示出较好的应用前景.     

置换反应制备Pd-Fe双金属催化剂及其催化加氢性能

以Fe(CO)5为前体采用超声法合成纳米Fe胶体粒子,通过Fe胶体与PdCl2发生金属置换反应制备出活性炭负载Pd-Fe双金属催化剂。研究了表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对制备负载型催化剂的影响。采用XRD、H2程序升温还原（H2-TPR）、TEM、EDX等表征手段对催化剂进行表征,以苯乙炔加氢反应为探针反应考察了Fe含量对于催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明加氢催化活性较差的金属组分Fe在合适的比例下可以促进Pd基催化剂的加氢催化活性和选择性,然而,过多的Fe也会降低其催化活性。     

草酸盐固相化学法制备高性能Cu/ZnO甲醇水蒸气重整催化剂

采用草酸盐前驱物固相化学法制备了用于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应的Cu/ZnO催化剂, 并与传统液相共沉淀方法制备的Cu/ZnO催化剂在相同条件下的催化性能进行了比较. 结果表明, 通过该“干法”合成的Cu/ZnO催化剂具有比传统液相共沉淀法所制备的催化剂更高的催化活性和制氢选择性, 以及更好的稳定性. N₂O吸附和原位XRD分析结果证实固相反应时间对Cu/ZnO催化剂的金属铜表面及晶格微应力等微结构性质可产生重要的调控作用, 从而大大改善其催化活性和制氢选择性.     

NiW/Al_2O_3催化剂酸性与加氢活性的调变及对重油加氢脱氮性能的影响

以Ni、W为催化剂的活性金属组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备了NiW/Al2O3加氢脱氮催化剂,考察了Al2O3载体表面经硼酸修饰后对催化剂酸性的影响,以及活性金属与柠檬酸络合后对催化剂加氢反应性能的影响。NH3-TPD、HRTEM、H2-TPR、XPS等表征结果表明,Al2O3载体表面硼酸修饰增加了催化剂表面的中强酸量,减少了强酸量,且削弱了金属与载体之间的强相互作用,但活性中心数目减少。金属与柠檬酸络合可以减小活性相晶粒长度、提高活性相分散性及硫化程度。催化剂的反应评价结果表明,硼酸修饰与柠檬酸络合共同作用可以增强催化剂的重油加氢处理能力,促进芳环与胶质的加氢饱和;具有适宜的氢解与加氢活性,兼顾碱性氮与非碱性氮的脱除,体现了催化剂良好的重油加氢脱氮性能。     

Studies on the Performance and Structure of Supported Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas

The catalytic properties of several supported metal catalysts on different carriers were studied in the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. In our experiment, supported noble metal catalysts exhibited better performance than the other supported transition metal catalysts. The catalyst performances were significantly influenced by the d-electron configuration of the active metal components and the dispersion of active metal components on the support. A catalyst with a moderate number of unpaired electrons in the d-orbital of the active metal support without obvious acidity or redox activity (e.g. MgO) was suitable for POM performance. The Rh/SiO2 catalyst was the best in the POM reaction, among those investigated. Reaction conditions apparently also affected the POM performance of the catalyst. The conversion of methane and the selectivity for CO increased with the reaction temperature, and a high CH4/O2 ratio was not beneficial for POM performance.     

Studies on the Performance and Structure of Supported Catalysts for the Partial

The catalytic properties of several supported metal catalysts on different carriers were studied in the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. In our experiment, supported noble metal catalysts exhibited better performance than the other supported transition metal catalysts. The catalyst performances were significantly influenced by the d-electron configuration of the active metal components and the dispersion of active metal components on the support. A catalyst with a moderate number of unpaired electrons in the d-orbital of the active metal support without obvious acidity or redox activity (e.g. MgO) was suitable for POM performance. The Rh/SiO2 catalyst was the best in the POM reaction, among those investigated. Reaction conditions apparently also affected the POM performance of the catalyst. The conversion of methane and the selectivity for CO increased with the reaction temperature, and a high CH4/O2 ratio was not beneficial for POM performance.     

二氧化碳加氢直接合成二甲醚催化剂的研究 Ⅱ 铜/锌对复合催化剂结构和性能的影响

制备了具有不同铜/锌(氧化物质量比)的CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5复合型催化剂，考察了其对CO2加氢直接合成二甲醚的催化性能，并采用H2-TPR、XRD、BET、IR及XPS等表征方法对催化剂的物化性质进行了表征。结果表明，催化剂中的铜/锌对催化剂的反应性能、晶相结构以及还原难易程度等均有一定程度的影响。在所制备的四种不同铜/锌的复合催化剂中，以Cu/Zn＝1/2的催化剂反应性能最为理想，虽然它们的还原峰位置和比表面积相差不大，但在反映催化剂各组分间相互作用的IR谱图中则表现出较明显的差别。XPS结果表明，活性组分铜以Cu+和Cu0两种形态存在，支持Cu+和Cu0共同组成合成甲醇活性中心的观点。     

Ni-Fe-Al-O双金属催化剂在生物质基2-羟基四氢吡喃还原胺化合成5-氨基-1-戊醇中的性能研究北大核心CSCD

采用共沉淀法制备了不同Fe/Ni摩尔比(0、0.125、0.25、0.5和0.75)的Al_(2)O_(3)负载型NiFe单、双金属催化剂,并考察了它们在生物糠醛衍生2-羟基四氢吡喃(2-HTHP)还原胺化合成高附加值5-氨基戊醇反应中的催化性能.研究发现当Fe/Ni摩尔比为0.25时表现出最高的5-氨基戊醇收率(在80℃和2 MPa优化条件下达90%).利用N_(2)吸脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、氢气程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)、透射电镜(TEM)等技术对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明适量Fe的掺入可以提高催化剂的分散性和还原性,同时在还原活化催化剂中形成Ni-Fe合金相,继而使相应催化剂表现出更优异的催化活性.通过固定床对比考察了催化剂的稳定性,NiFe(0.25)-Al-O双金属催化剂表现出明显优于NiFe(0)-Al-O单金属催化剂的稳定性,运行120 h前者只有微弱失活而后者显著失活.对比反应后催化剂表征发现,金属Fe的修饰可以有效抑制金属活性颗粒的烧结和流失,从而显著提高其反应稳定性.     

A Highly Efficient,Clean‐Surface,Porous Platinum Electrocatalyst and the Inhibition Effect of Surfactants on Catalytic Activity

Herein we report a gentle seedless and surfactant‐free method for the preparation of clean‐surface porous platinum nanoparticles. In terms of electrocatalytic CH₃OH oxidation, the clean‐surface porous platinum exhibited better performance than platinum nanoparticles and a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The porous nanostructures exhibited 2.26‐fold higher mass activity and 2.8‐fold greater specific activity than the Pt/C catalyst. More importantly, three typical surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/chloride (CTAB/C), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), and sodium dodecyl sulfate, were chosen to study the inhibition effect of surfactants on electrocatalytic performance. It was observed that the surfactants led to a clear selective decrease in electrocatalytic performance. CTAB/C inhibited the catalytic activity the most due to the stronger interaction between the OH‐enriched platinum surface and the positively charged molecules. Thus, this work indicates that these clean‐surface porous platinum nanoparticles may be used as efficient catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells and provides a greater understanding of the inhibition effects of surfactants on catalytic activity.     

表面活性剂对水热法合成MoS2加氢脱硫催化剂的影响

采用水热法合成了MoS₂加氢脱硫催化剂,用物理吸附、XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对催化剂进行表征,并以噻吩为模型化合物研究不同类型表面活性剂对合成MoS₂催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,加入表面活性剂制备的催化剂颗粒疏松均匀,比表面积、孔容、孔径都较大,并且MoS₂层状堆叠数目增加;所制催化剂在噻吩加氢脱硫反应中均显示出较好的催化活性,在573 K、4.0 MPa条件下,噻吩加氢脱硫的转化率均大于97.0%,加入阳离子表面活性剂的Mo-S-C催化活性最高,噻吩转化率可达到99.9%。MoS₂催化剂的活性顺序为Mo-S-C>Mo-S-S>Mo-S-P>Mo-S-N。     

Characterization and catalytic behavior of Na-W-Mn-Zr-S-P/SiO2 prepared by different methods in oxidative coupling of methane

Na-W-Mn-Zr-S-P/SiO2 catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, sol-gel and mixture slurry methods. The catalyst prepared by mixture slurry method showed the best catalytic performance among all samples. In addition, the effects of different addition sequences of Na, W, Mn, Zr, S and P on the catalytic performance were studied. The absence of Na before the addition of Mn and Zr in the catalysts preparation depressed the formation of the active phases of Mn2O3 and ZrO2 and decreased the activities of the catalysts significantly.     

Characterization and catalytic behavior of Na-W-Mn-Zr-S-P/SiO_2 prepared by different methods in oxidative coupling of methane

Na-W-Mn-Zr-S-P/SiO2 catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, sol-gel and mixture slurry methods. The catalyst prepared by mixture slurry method showed the best catalytic performance among all samples. In addition, the effects of different addition sequences of Na, W, Mn, Zr, S and P on the catalytic performance were studied. The absence of Na before the addition of Mn and Zr in the catalysts preparation depressed the formation of the active phases of Mn2O3 and ZrO2 and decreased the activities of the catalysts significantly.     

Effect of preparation method on the catalytic performance of Ni/H-ZSM-5 for the reductive deoxygenation of cyclohexanone

The effect of the impregnation and co-precipitation-kneading methods on the catalytic performance of the Ni/H-ZSM-5 catalyst was evaluated via catalytic reductive deoxygenation of cyclohexanone in a fixed bed. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, and NH₃-temperature programmed desorption. A sharply acidic and textural change was observed on the catalysts prepared by the different methods, while the metal active phase structure was almost the same. The results of the cyclohexanone reductive deoxygenation reaction indicated that the catalyst based on the co-precipitation-kneading method afforded a higher yield of cyclohexane, and thus proved that the co-precipitation-kneading method is suitable for the preparation of a bi-functional catalyst.     

双原子位点M-N-C电催化剂在CO2还原反应中活性位点的最佳分布

双原子位点M-N-C催化剂是催化CO₂还原反应(CO₂RR)性能最佳的催化剂之一. 然而, 目前的研究主要集中于M-N-C活性中心原子类型的调控, 低估了活性位点的配位模式及分布对其催化性能的影响. 本文选取典型的双原子位点M-N-C催化剂(NiFe-N-C)为研究对象, 采用密度泛函理论方法探究了9种活性位点具有不同配位环境的NiFe-N-C催化剂电催化CO₂RR的反应机理. 结果表明, 随着金属原子配位数、 双原子位点间距离的增加, M-N-C催化剂的稳定性、 催化CO₂还原至CO的活性及抑制氢析出反应的选择性均呈现先升高后下降的趋势. 其中, 金属原子四配位且对称分布的NiFe-N-C-model 3催化剂, 因其双原子位点的强相互作用表现出最优的催化性能.