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本文对现有质子交换膜燃料电池以及电池组模型进行比较分析,认为数学模型的建立,可以增加对燃料电池及电池组内部的传递现象和反应机理的认识,同时可以预测电池以及电池组的性能,并且对优化电池结构参数具有指导意义.模型分析包括了现阶段质子交换膜燃料电池单电池模型和电池组模型的基本类别,它们是单电池CFD数值模拟模型、单电池以及电池组性能模拟模型、燃料电池组气体分配模型、系统模型和非稳态模型.比较了几种模型的建模方式及不同模型的应用范围和各自的优缺点.  相似文献   

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Robust hydroxide conducting membranes are required for long‐lasting, low‐cost solid alkaline fuel cells (AFCs). In this study, we synthesize Nafion‐based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) via amination of the Nafion precursor membrane with 1,4‐dimethylpiperazine. This initial reaction produces an AEM with covalently attached dimethylpiperazinium cations neutralized with fluoride anions, while a subsequent ion exchange reaction produces a hydroxide ion conducting membrane. These AEMs possess high thermal stability and different thermal transition temperatures compared to Nafion, while small‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals a similar ionic morphology. The hydroxide ion conductivity of the Nafion‐based AEM is fivefold lower than the proton conductivity of Nafion at 80 °C and 90% relative humidity. More importantly, the hydroxide conductivity is insensitive to drying and rehydrating the membrane, which is atypical of other AEMs with quaternary ammonium cations. The high chemical and thermal stability of this hydroxide conducting Nafion‐based AEM provides a promising alternative for AFCs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011  相似文献   

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陈维民 《化学进展》2012,(Z1):246-252
低温燃料电池是理想的移动式电源,它所采用的电催化剂主要为Pt基贵金属纳米催化剂。提高纳米催化剂在电池内部环境中的稳定性、抑制其活性衰减,对于延长低温燃料电池的使用寿命和节约成本具有十分重要的意义。本文从三个方面综述了近年来在低温燃料电池纳米催化剂稳定化方面的研究进展。首先,通过载体效应实现催化剂的稳定化,包括碳载体的石墨化、碳载体的掺杂、表面功能化及其他载体的采用等。其次,通过空间效应实现催化剂的稳定化,包括催化剂粒子表面覆盖、催化剂粒子微孔嵌入、催化剂表面杂多酸单层自组装及聚合物电解质空间阻隔等。再其次,通过协同效应实现催化剂的稳定化,包括提升金属粒子的氧化电位、强化组分间的相互作用等。最后,对低温燃料电池纳米催化剂稳定化的发展前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

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The efficiency of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is strongly depending on the electrocatalyst performance, that is, its activity and stability. We have designed a catalyst material that combines both, the high activity for the decisive cathodic oxygen reduction reaction associated with nanoscale Pt alloys, and the excellent durability of an advanced nanostructured support. Owing to the high specific activity and large active surface area, the catalyst shows extraordinary mass activity values of 1.0 A mgPt?1. Moreover, the material retains its initial active surface area and intrinsic activity during an extended accelerated aging test within the typical operation range. This excellent performance is achieved by confined‐space alloying of the nanoparticles in a controlled manner in the pores of the support.  相似文献   

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再生燃料电池的研究与应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
与传统二次电池(铅酸蓄电池、锂电池)相比,再生燃料电池在储能时间、能量密度、使用寿命和环境保护方面占有优势,可广泛应用于航天、军事领域和现场蓄能系统。本文介绍了再生燃料电池的原理、分类和应用情况,详细阐述了再生燃料电池双效电极和双效电极催化剂的制备方法以及水热管理的研究进展,指出再生燃料电池的不足之处并进行了展望。  相似文献   

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燃料电池技术在电催化反应领域的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
燃料电池反应器是一种既能生产有价值化学品,又能同时发电的新型单元操作装置.由于其安全、反应易受控制、无污染,且能源资源利用率高的特点,日益受到各国工业部门的重视.本文评述了几类燃料电池反应器如酸性燃料电池、质子交换膜燃料电池和固体氧化物燃料电池的用途、工作原理及其实现工业化所面临的几个主要问题。  相似文献   

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A highly rigid amine‐based polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM), prepared by a polymerization reaction involving the formation of Tröger’s base, is demonstrated to act as an ionic diode with electrolyte‐dependent bistable switchable states.  相似文献   

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