溶胶-凝胶法制备MoO3/SiO2催化草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应

采用溶胶-凝胶法在碱性条件下制备了一系列MoO_3/SiO_2催化剂用于草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应,并利用XRD、IR、XPS、NH3-TPD等表征催化剂结构.结果表明:弱酸中心是草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应的活性中心.当MoO_3负载量为12%(重量百分比),p H为9.1时的MoO_3/SiO_2催化剂具有更高的催化性能,这可能与该催化剂表面Mo物种分散更好和更高的酸量有关.在1.20 g MoO_3/SiO_2催化剂,0.20 mol苯酚,n(草酸二甲酯)/n(苯酚)=2,180℃反应3 h的条件下,苯酚转化率达70.0%,甲基苯基草酸酯和草酸二苯酯选择性分别为88.4%和11.5%.     

有机酸改性Hβ沸石催化剂上2-(4''''-乙基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸脱水闭环合成2-乙基蒽醌

采用柠檬酸等有机酸对Hβ沸石样品进行改性,研究了改性后Hβ沸石样品在2-(4′-乙基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸(BEA)脱水闭环合成 2-乙基蒽醌(2-EAQ)反应中的催化性能. 采用X射线衍射、 X射线荧光光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振和程序升温脱附方法对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,有机酸改性没有破坏Hβ沸石样品的骨架结构,但其有序度和结晶度均有不同程度的降低,而且酸量明显减少;其中草酸改性后的催化剂脱铝严重. 柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸和丙二酸改性后的Hβ沸石样品在合成2-EAQ的反应中有较好的反应性能,以其为催化剂, BEA的转化率和2-EAQ的选择性均在95.0%以上.     

Dawson型磷钨钼杂多酸的制备及其对H2O2氧化环己酮制己二酸的催化

采用水热法制备了新型H6P2W9Mo9O62.24H2O催化剂,并用UV-Vis、FT-IR和TG-DTA等测试技术对催化剂进行了表征。以微波促进30%过氧化氢氧化环己酮制备己二酸合成反应为探针,考察了催化剂的催化性能。通过正交实验探讨了几种因素对反应的影响,确定了优化工艺条件为:n(环己酮)∶n(过氧化氢)∶n(草酸)∶n(催化剂)=100∶400∶1.25∶0.25,反应温度100℃,微波辐射功率400 W,反应时间3.5 h,己二酸产品的收率达87.33%,纯度可达99.7%。反应结束后,将反应后含催化剂的溶液浓缩至一定浓度,催化产率降低,重复使用5次收率降低为45.89%。     

苯酚和草酸二甲酯在不同分子筛催化下的酯交换反应

研究了以TS－1、H－ZSM－5、Hβ和H－丝光沸石等不同分子筛为催化剂，苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应。通过对催化剂进行吸附吡啶的红外光谱和NH3－TPD表征，考察了不同分子筛催化剂的酸性和酸强度对草酸二苯酯合成反应的影响，确定了催化剂上的弱酸中心是催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应的活性位，且催化剂的酸性中心越多，酸量越大，催化活性越好。催化剂上的强酸中心促进了副产物苯甲醚的生成。     

苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应产物的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用、程序升温方法对苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应产物进行了分析。实现了对钛酸四丁酯催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应的主产物草酸二苯酯、中间产物甲基苯基草酸酯、副产物丁基苯基草酸酯、2-甲基丁醛、正丁醚及草酸二苯酯脱羰基生成碳酸二苯酯反应产物的定性，验证了苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应分三步进行的反应模式。     

SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸催化合成乙醛酸L-盖基酯

乙醛酸L-盖基酯是一种重要的手性试剂和手性中间体.本文以SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸作催化剂,由乙醛酸与L-薄荷醇酯化合成乙醛酸L-盖基酯,通过正交实验探讨了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比4个因素对该酯化反应的影响,得到优化工艺条件,收率达78.5%,并对L-薄荷醇的套用及SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸的重复使用进行了研究.     

真空吸附水解制备活性炭负载TiO2及其光催化降解间二氯苯

采用直接真空吸附钛酸四丁酯后水解法制备了以活性炭为载体的负载型TiO2光催化剂,以间二氯苯为探针分子研究了催化剂光催化降解反应性能.实验结果表明:随着热处理温度的不同,催化剂的光催化活性有很大的变化.对催化剂多次反复使用,其活性基本不变.     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3 +催化合成丙酸苄酯

采用浸渍法制备了稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+,并运用IR、XRD和Hammett指示剂法对其进行了表征.以制备的固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO23+为催化剂、丙酸和苯甲醇为原料合成了丙酸苄酯.考察了催化剂的制备条件及合成条件对酯化率的影响,结果显示催化剂最佳制备条件:钛前体氧化物的浸渍液为含0.07 mol·L-1 La3+的硫酸溶液,焙烧时间3 h,焙烧温度500℃.最佳反应条件:醇酸摩尔比为1:2、催化剂用量为苯甲醇用量的9.3%、反应时间3 h、反应温度120℃,酯化率达84.0%以上.用IR、1H-NMR等手段对产品进行了表征.     

复合型固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2-TiO2催化合成乙酸松油酯的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了新型复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2-TiO2，通过XRD和IR对其结构进行了表征。以该固体酸为催化剂、松油醇和乙酸酐为原料合成乙酸松油酯，考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明：反应温度40-50℃、催化剂用量1．8-—2．2％、醇酐摩尔比1：1．6、反应时间4-5h是最适宜的反应条件，其松油醇转化率达到98％以上，产物中乙酸松油酯含量为88％。与普通单氧化物固体酸比较，该复合型固体酸有更高的催化活性和选择性。     

热扩散法制备MoO3/SiO2催化草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应

采用热扩散法（TS）和等体积浸渍法制备了MoO₃/SiO₂催化剂用于草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应.结果表明,热扩散法制备的10%MoO₃/SiO₂-TS催化剂较等体积浸渍法制备的10%MoO₃/SiO₂-C催化剂具有更好的催化性能.运用X射线衍射、Raman光谱、X射线光电子能谱分析、吡啶吸附红外光谱、NH₃程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征,发现虽然两种方法制备的催化剂都只有弱Lewis酸中心,钼均以氧化钼单体形式存在,未形成解离和聚合,但是10%MoO₃/SiO₂-TS催化剂较10%MoO₃/SiO₂-C催化剂表面钼含量更高且MoO₃分散得更好.在苯酚用量为0.2mol,10%MoO₃/SiO₂-TS催化剂用量为1.2g,反应温度为180℃,草酸二甲酯与苯酚的摩尔比为2,反应时间为4h的优化条件下,苯酚转化率可达70.9%,甲基苯基草酸酯和草酸二苯酯的收率分别达63.1%和7.7%.     

TiO2／SiO2催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯

Diphenylcarbonate (DPC)isabasicmaterialfornon phosgene productionof polycarbonates .Severalalternativenon phosgenemethodsforDPCsynthesishavealsobeenproposed ,oneofthemisthetranses terificationofdimethyloxalate (DMO)withphenoltodiphenyloxalate (DPO)andthedecarbonylationofDPOtoDPC .Inthisprocess ,thesynthesisofDPOfolloweda 2 stepreactionmoduleoftransesterifi cationofDMOwithphenoltomethylphenyloxalate(MPO)andthedisproportionationofMPOtoDPOandDMO[1] .UbeIndustriesreportedthatconven…     

Determination of Urinary Oxalate With Disposable Oxalate Oxidase Hembrane Strips

Abstract

We describe in this paper a simple and easy method of entrapping oxalate oxidase and peroxidase in acrylamide membrane and demonstrate the use of such enzyme membrane strips in the rapid determination of urinary oxalate. A crude preparation of 45-60% acetone cut obtained from banana fruit peel (Musa paradisiaca; French plantain) homogenate serves as a source of oxalate oxidase, which decomposes oxalate into CO₂ and H₂O₂. the oxalate content of a given urine sample is determined by introducing a small enzyme membrane strip (1 × 1 cm) into an aliquot of buffered urine containing a suitable chromogen for peroxidase and then measuring the colour developed due to the interaction of peroxidase with the newly formed H₂O₂ and the chromogen. Urine samples are pretreated with sodium nitrite to eliminate the interference of ascorbic acid in the assay. the enzyme membrane assay compares well with that of wet enzyme assay of oxalate in sensitivity and reliability.     

Comparison of Oxalate Oxidase Enzyme Electrodes for Urinary Oxalate Determinations

Abstract

Enzyme electrodes for oxalate were constructed by immobilizing oxalate oxidase enzyme (E, C, 1,2,3,4) on both potentiometric carbon dioxide and amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensors. These systems were optimized, and the response characteristics of the two biosensors examined in a comparison study. Areas investigated include linear range, calibration curve slope, response time, limit of detection, and lifetime. Selectivity studies were carried out with the system and showed no measurable response to millimolar levels of various L-amino acids, metal ions or ascorbic acid.

This comparison was extended into the choice of an optimal sensor for urinary oxalate determinations with minimal sample pretreatment. The peroxide sensor performed best in urine samples, allowing for the 1:40 dilution necessary to minimize the effect of any interferents present. At this or greater dilution, the recovery of standard additions of oxalate averaged 95.5%, with an average relative standard deviation of 4.9%. The system retained its activity throughout two weeks of continued use.     

Evaluation of Oxalate Decarboxylase and Oxalate Oxidase for Industrial Applications

Increased recirculation of process water has given rise to problems with formation of calcium oxalate incrusts (scaling) in the pulp and paper industry and in forest biorefineries. The potential in using oxalate decarboxylase from Aspergillus niger for oxalic acid removal in industrial bleaching plant filtrates containing oxalic acid was examined and compared with barley oxalate oxidase. Ten different filtrates from chemical pulping were selected for the evaluation. Oxalate decarboxylase degraded oxalic acid faster than oxalate oxidase in eight of the filtrates, while oxalate oxidase performed better in one filtrate. One of the filtrates inhibited both enzymes. The potential inhibitory effect of selected compounds on the enzymatic activity was tested. Oxalate decarboxylase was more sensitive than oxalate oxidase to hydrogen peroxide. Oxalate decarboxylase was not as sensitive to chlorate and chlorite as oxalate oxidase. Up to 4 mM chlorate ions, the highest concentration tested, had no inhibitory effect on oxalate decarboxylase. Analysis of the filtrates suggests that high concentrations of chlorate present in some of the filtrates were responsible for the higher sensitivity of oxalate oxidase in these filtrates. Oxalate decarboxylase was thus a better choice than oxalate oxidase for treatment of filtrates from chlorine dioxide bleaching.     

钯催化的2-苯氧基吡啶导向的脱羧酯基化反应研究

发展了一种高效的通过钯催化导向碳-氢键活化的策略在苯环上引入酯基官能团的方法.草酸单乙酯钾盐在过硫酸钾和碳酸银的协同作用下脱羧生成酯基自由基,然后酯基自由基加成到钯环上,最后经过还原消除的过程实现了2-苯氧基吡啶苯环的邻位酯基化.该反应为合成一系列水杨酸乙酯衍生物提供了一种切实有效的途径.     

Determination of Oxalate with Immobilized Oxalate Oxidase in an Enzyme Thermistor

Abstract

This paper describes a rapid enzymic procedure, based on calorimetry, for specific determination of oxalic acid. Oxalate is oxidized by immobilized oxalate oxidase to hydrogen peroxide and carbon dioxide. The heat generated by this reaction is measured in a calorimetric device, the enzyme thermistor. Oxalate concentrations as low as 0.02 mM can be determined. Also described is purification and immobilization of the enzyme, as well as the effect of some of its inhibitors. The urinary oxalate content of 16 persons was determined using the enzyme thermistor. For samples containing a very low concentration of oxalate (less than 0.2 mM) an extraction step with tributylphosphate can be introduced to purify and concentrate the oxalate. The oxalate content in different kinds of food was also determined.     

Oxalate interference in cerimetry

Summary It had been proved that the positive error occurring during cerimetric determination of some substances [e.g. iron(II)-ions, hydroquinone, indigo carmine etc.] in presence of oxalic acid is not of induction character but may be ascribed to a rather rapid competing reaction between cerium(IV) and oxalate ions. Therefore any factor which decreases the rate of this latter reaction diminishes the positive error.     

Immune Complex of Banana Oxalate Oxidase: Use in Quantitation of Urinary Oxalate

Abstract

Oxalate oxidase (oxalate:oxygen oxidoreauctase, FC 1.2.3.4), isolated from ripe banana peel was precipitated by rat antiserum. Compared with native enzyme, this immune complex possessed higher specific activity, greater stability, broader pH range for optimal activity and higher resistance to thermal and heavy metal inactivation. These improved characteristics of the immune complex make it ideally suited for its use in the determination of urinary oxalate. A simple method of determining oxalate in urine samples, using this preparation is described.