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1.
Sabine Seifert Dr. David Schmidt Dr. Kazutaka Shoyama Prof. Dr. Frank Würthner 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2017,56(26):7595-7600
Palladium-catalyzed base-selective annulation of dibromonaphthalimide to different aryl boronate esters by combined Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and direct C−H arylation afforded a series of new five- and six-membered ring annulated electron-poor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) as auxiliary base in these C−C coupling cascade reactions led exclusively to six-membered ring annulation, while the use of organic base diazabicycloundecene (DBU) afforded the corresponding five-membered ring annulated products. This base-dependent selective mode of annulation is attributed to different mechanistic pathways directed by the applied base. The selective annulation was revealed by single crystal X-ray analysis of the respective five- and six-membered ring annulated products. The optical and redox properties of the new polycyclic aromatic dicarboximides were characterized by UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. 相似文献
2.
Chunlan Song Kun Liu Xu Jiang Xin Dong Yue Weng Chien‐Wei Chiang Aiwen Lei 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(18):7193-7197
Dearomative annulation of indoles has emerged as a powerful tool for the preparation of polycyclic indoline‐based alkaloids. Compared with well‐established methods towards five‐membered‐ring‐fused indolines, the six‐membered‐ring‐fused indolines are rarely accessed under thermal conditions. Herein, a dearomative [4+2] annulation between different indoles is developed through an electrochemical pathway. This transformation offers a remarkably regio‐ and stereoselective route to highly functionalized pyrimido[5,4‐b]indoles under oxidant‐ and metal‐free conditions. Notably, this electrochemical approach maintains excellent functional‐group tolerance and can be extended as a modification tactic for pharmaceutical research. Preliminary mechanism studies indicate that the electrooxidation annulation proceeds through radical–radical cross‐coupling between an indole radical cation and an N‐centered radical generated in situ. 相似文献
3.
Dr. Ramachandran Azhakar Dr. Rajendra S. Ghadwal Prof. Dr. Herbert W. Roesky Prof. Dr. Ricardo A. Mata Hilke Wolf Regine Herbst‐Irmer Prof. Dr. Dietmar Stalke 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(11):3715-3720
Three‐ and five‐membered rings that bear the (Si‐C‐S ) and (Si‐C‐C‐C‐S ) unit have been synthesized by the reactions of L SiCl ( 1 ; L =PhC(NtBu)2) and L′ Si ( 2 ; L′ =CH{(C?CH2)(CMe)(2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)2}) with the thioketone 4,4′‐bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone. Treatment of 4,4′‐bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone with L SiCl at room temperature furnished the [1+2]‐cycloaddition product silathiacyclopropane 3 . However, reaction of 4,4′‐bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone with L′ Si at low temperature afforded a [1+4]‐cycloaddition to yield the five‐membered ring product 4 . Compounds 3 and 4 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, EIMS, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of 3 and 4 were unambiguously established by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis. The room‐temperature reaction of 4,4′‐bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone with L′ Si resulted in products 4 and 5 , in which 4 is the dearomatized product and 5 is formed under the 1,3‐migration of a hydrogen atom from the aromatic phenyl ring to the carbon atom of the C? S unit. Furthermore, the optimized structures of probable products were investigated by using DFT calculations. 相似文献
4.
The base‐controlled mechanisms for N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed divergent [3+3] and [3+2] annulation reactions were examined by using the DFT method. The reaction initiates with the complexation of NHC and enal to give the Breslow intermediate, which diverges afterward. Then, the azomethine imine can either react with the Breslow intermediate to give the six‐membered ring product or the β‐carbon protonation occurs for forming the enolate intermediate controlled by different bases. The formed enolate intermediate reacts with azomethine imine to afford the five‐membered ring product. The calculated results show that only the base K2CO3 can facilitate the structural transformation between homoenolate and enolate to switch the chemoselectivity; therefore, the [3+3] annulation happens preferentially in the presence of base DBU while the other situation occurs with K2CO3 as base. The NCI analysis results reveal that the stereoselectivity is predominately determined by the π???π, C?H???O, and C?H???N interactions. The obtained mechanistic insights should provide valuable clues for the rational design of these kinds of divergent reactions. 相似文献
5.
《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,129(35):10681-10684
Enantioselective synthesis of pyrrole‐annulated medium‐sized‐ring compounds by an iridium‐catalyzed allylic dearomatization/retro‐Mannich/hydrolysis sequence is presented. Various substituted pyrrole‐annulated seven‐ and eight‐membered‐ring products were obtained under mild reaction conditions with moderate to good yields and excellent enantioselectivity. Additionally, these products contain a scaffold widely distributed in natural products and biologically active compounds. The current method provides a convenient way for accessing such pyrrole‐anuulated medium‐sized‐ring compounds. 相似文献
6.
Caleb Karmel Camille Z. Rubel Elena V. Kharitonova John F. Hartwig 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(15):6074-6081
The steric effects of substituents on five‐membered rings are less pronounced than those on six‐membered rings because of the difference in bond angles. Thus, the regioselectivities of reactions of five‐membered heteroarenes that occur with selectivities dictated by steric effects, such as the borylation of C?H bonds, have been poor in many cases. We report that the silylation of five‐membered‐ring heteroarenes occurs with high sterically derived regioselectivity when catalyzed by the combination of [Ir(cod)(OMe)]2 (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) and a phenanthroline ligand or a new pyridyl‐imidazoline ligand that further increases the regioselectivity. The silylation reactions with these catalysts produce high yields of heteroarylsilanes from functionalization at the most sterically accessible C?H bonds of these rings under conditions that the borylation of C?H bonds with previously reported catalysts formed mixtures of products or products that are unstable. The heteroarylsilane products undergo cross‐coupling reactions and substitution reactions with ipso selectivity to generate heteroarenes that bear halogen, aryl, and perfluoroalkyl substituents. 相似文献
7.
Ying Fu Yin‐Xia He Hong‐Xia Hou Wen‐Bo Zhu Hu‐Lin Li Chao Wu Fang‐Yan Xian 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2013,69(3):282-284
2,2′‐Anhydro‐1‐(3′,5′‐di‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl)uracil, C13H14N2O7, was obtained by refluxing 2′,3′‐O‐(methoxymethylene)uridine in acetic anhydride. The structure exhibits a nearly perfect C4′‐endo (4E) conformation. The best four‐atom plane of the five‐membered furanose ring is O—C—C—C, involving the C atoms of the fused five‐membered oxazolidine ring, and the torsion angle is only −0.4 (2)°. The oxazolidine ring is essentially coplanar with the six‐membered uracil ring [r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 (5) Å and dihedral angle = −3.2 (3)°]. The conformation at the exocyclic C—C bond is gauche–trans which is stabilized by various C—H...π and C—O...π interactions. 相似文献
8.
Yusuke Imamura Shun Yoshioka Masanori Nagatomo Masayuki Inoue 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(35):12287-12291
1‐Hydroxytaxinine ( 1 ) is a cytotoxic taxane diterpenoid. Its central eight‐membered B‐ring possesses four oxygen‐functionalized centers (C1, C2, C9, and C10) and two quaternary carbon centers (C8 and C15), and is fused with six‐membered A‐ and C‐rings. The densely functionalized and intricately fused structure of 1 makes it a highly challenging synthetic target. Reported here is an efficient radical‐based strategy for assembling 1 from A‐ and C‐ring fragments. The A‐ring bearing an α‐alkoxyacyl telluride moiety underwent intermolecular coupling with the C‐ring fragment by a Et3B/O2‐promoted decarbonylative radical formation. After construction of the C8‐quaternary stereocenter, a pinacol coupling reaction using a low‐valent titanium reagent formed the B‐ring with stereoselective installation of the C1,C2‐diol. Subsequent manipulations at the A‐ and C‐rings furnished 1 in 26 total steps. 相似文献
9.
Tandem Regioselective Substitution and Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring Fusion Reaction for Core‐Expanded Boron Dipyrromethenes with Red‐Shifted Absorption and Intense Fluorescence 下载免费PDF全文
Xin Zhou Qinghua Wu Yuanmei Feng Yang Yu Changjiang Yu Prof. Dr. Erhong Hao Yun Wei Xiaolong Mu Prof. Dr. Lijuan Jiao 《化学:亚洲杂志》2015,10(9):1979-1986
A selective method for the core‐extension of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) with two annulated indole rings with exclusive syn‐connectivity is reported. The method is based on a regioselective nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2,3,5,6‐tetrabromoBODIPY with aryl amines, followed by palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular C?C coupling ring fusion. The unsymmetrical core‐expanded BODIPY with annulated indole and benzofuran rings was also synthesized by stepwise and regioselective nucleophilic substitution and palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular C?C coupling reaction. The diindole‐annulated BODIPY was unambiguously characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The optical properties of the present core‐expanded BODIPYs were studied, revealing clearly red‐shifted absorption and emission bands and enhanced absorption coefficients upon annulation. 相似文献
10.
Rahul Kisan Kawade Chaowei Hu Nikolas R. Dos Santos Noelle Watson Xinsong Lin Kenneth Hanson Igor V. Alabugin 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(34):14352-14357
3‐Point annulations, or phenalenannulations, transform a benzene ring directly into a substituted pyrene by “wrapping” two new cycles around the perimeter of the central ring at three consecutive carbon atoms. This efficient, modular, and general method for π‐extension opens access to non‐symmetric pyrenes and their expanded analogues. Potentially, this approach can convert any aromatic ring bearing a ‐CH2Br or a ‐CHO group into a pyrene moiety. Depending upon the workup choices, the process can be directed towards either tin‐ or iodo‐substituted product formation, giving complementary choices for further various cross‐coupling reactions. The two‐directional bis‐double annulation adds two new polyaromatic extensions with a total of six new aromatic rings at a central core. 相似文献
11.
Unexpected Chemistry from the Reaction of Naphthyl and Acetylene at Combustion‐Like Temperatures 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Dorian S. N. Parker Prof. Dr. Ralf. I. Kaiser Dr. Biswajit Bandyopadhyay Dr. Oleg Kostko Dr. Tyler P. Troy Dr. Musahid Ahmed 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(18):5421-5424
The hydrogen abstraction/acetylene addition (HACA) mechanism has long been viewed as a key route to aromatic ring growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in combustion systems. However, doubt has been drawn on the ubiquity of the mechanism by recent electronic structure calculations which predict that the HACA mechanism starting from the naphthyl radical preferentially forms acenaphthylene, thereby blocking cyclization to a third six‐membered ring. Here, by probing the products formed in the reaction of 1‐ and 2‐naphthyl radicals in excess acetylene under combustion‐like conditions with the help of photoionization mass spectrometry, we provide experimental evidence that this reaction produces 1‐ and 2‐ethynylnaphthalenes (C12H8), acenaphthylene (C12H8) and diethynylnaphthalenes (C14H8). Importantly, neither phenanthrene nor anthracene (C14H10) was found, which indicates that the HACA mechanism does not lead to cyclization of the third aromatic ring as expected but rather undergoes ethynyl substitution reactions instead. 相似文献
12.
Sulfur‐Annulated Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene Decorated with Phenylthio Groups at the Periphery 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Yuan‐Zhi Tan Dr. Silvio Osella Yi Liu Bo Yang Prof. Dr. David Beljonne Prof. Dr. Xinliang Feng Prof. Dr. Klaus Müllen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(10):2927-2931
The chemical nature of the edge periphery essentially determines the physical properties of graphene. As a molecular‐level model system, large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, that is, so‐called nanographenes, can be chemically modified through either edge functionalization or doping with heteroatoms. Although the synthetic methods for edge substitution are well‐developed, incorporation with heteroatoms by the bay annulation of large PAHs remains an enormous challenge. In this study, we present a feasible peripheral sulfur annulation of hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) by thiolation of perchlorinated HBC. The tri‐sulfur‐annulated HBC and di‐sulfur‐annulated HBC decorated with phenylthio groups were obtained and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, revealing their distinct sulfur‐annulated peripheral structure. Associated with theoretical calculations, we propose that the regioselective sulfur annulation results from the minimization of strain in the aromatic backbone. We further demonstrate the structure‐correlated property modulation by sulfur annulation, manifested by a decrease in band gap and tunable redox activity. 相似文献
13.
Xuan Yang Marvin Hoffmann Frank Rominger Tobias Kirschbaum Andreas Dreuw Michael Mastalerz 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(31):10760-10764
The oxidative cyclodehydrogenation (often named the Scholl reaction) is still a powerful synthetic tool to construct even larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by multiple biaryl bond formations without the necessity of prior installation of reacting functional groups. Scholl‐type reactions are usually very selective although the resulting products bear sometimes some surprises, such as the formation of five‐membered instead of six‐membered rings or the unexpected migration of aryl moieties. There are a few examples, where chlorinated byproducts were found when FeCl3 was used as reagent. To our knowledge, the direct functionalization of PAHs during Scholl‐type cyclization by triflyloxylation has not been observed. Herein we describe the synthesis of functionalized PAHs by the formation of five‐membered rings and a regioselective triflyloxylation in one step. The triflyloxylated PAHs can be used as reactants for further transformation to even larger contorted PAHs. 相似文献
14.
A. Abdul Ajees N. Palani K. K. Balasubramanian 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2002,58(7):o433-o435
The six‐membered ring of the norbornene moiety in the title compound, C18H18N4O4, is in a slightly distorted boat conformation, and the two five‐membered rings within it adopt envelope conformations. The structure is stabilized by inter‐ and intramolecular N—H?O hydrogen bonds. 相似文献
15.
Gold‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Alkynyl Heterocycles through 1,2‐Migration of an Endocyclic Carbon–Heteroatom Bond 下载免费PDF全文
Ming Chen Ning Sun Wei Xu Jidong Zhao Gaonan Wang Prof. Yuanhong Liu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(51):18571-18575
A mild and efficient gold‐catalyzed oxidative ring‐expansion of a series of alkynyl heterocycles using pyridine‐N‐oxide as the oxidant has been developed, which affords highly valuable six‐ or seven‐membered heterocycles with wide functional group toleration. The reaction consists of a regioselective oxidation and a chemoselective migration of an endocyclic carbon–heteroatom bond (favored over C?H migration) with the order of migratory aptitude for carbon–heteroatom bonds being C?S>C?N>C?O. In the absence of an oxidant, polycyclic products are readily constructed through a ring‐expansion/Nazarov cyclization reaction sequence. 相似文献
16.
Synthetic and Organocatalytic Studies of Quinidine Analogues with Ring‐Size Modifications in the Quinuclidine Moiety 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Arjen C. Breman Gydo van der Heijden Prof. Dr. Jan H. van Maarseveen Dr. Steen Ingemann Prof. Dr. Henk Hiemstra 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(40):14247-14256
Six highly enantiopure analogues of [2.2.2] were synthesized with five‐ or seven‐membered rings in the (original) quinuclidine skeleton. Five of these compounds were prepared through epoxide opening by a secondary cyclic amine, providing the nor‐ and homoquinuclidine moieties through five‐ and six‐membered ring formation. This method failed in the case of seven‐membered ring formation, so for that particular ring size a different synthetic route starting from 3‐quinuclidone was applied. The six novel analogues were examined as organocatalysts in four asymmetric conjugate addition reactions and the results compared with those of known cinchona alkaloid catalysts. This study shows that modification of the quinuclidine ring can have a substantial influence on catalyst activity and enantioselectivity. To acquire more insight into the characteristics of the new catalysts, the pKaH values were determined by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, relative reaction rates of conjugate thiol additions reactions catalyzed by these quinidine analogues were measured through polarimetry. 相似文献
17.
Piotr Bałczewski Prof. Agnieszka Bodzioch Ewa Różycka‐Sokołowska Dr. Bernard Marciniak Dr. Paweł Uznański Dr. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,16(8):2392-2400
A new concise approach for the construction of heteroatom analogues of polycyclic aromatic benzo[g]quinoline, benzo[b]carbazole, and pyrido[b]carbazole systems via diaryl methanols is described. This transformation involves formation of a central benzene ring fused to two aromatic 5‐ or 6‐membered rings of pyrrole and/or pyridine by using a combination of two aromatic aldehydes, of which at least one contains a ring nitrogen. Analysis of the UV and fluorescent properties, Stokes shifts, quantum yields in solution, and π‐stacking interactions in the crystal structures of the new materials was performed. These polycyclic aromatic compounds show potential as small‐molecule organoelectronic materials. 相似文献
18.
Dr. Dorian S. N. Parker Prof. Dr. Ralf. I. Kaiser Dr. Oleg Kostko Dr. Musahid Ahmed 《Chemphyschem》2015,16(10):2091-2093
The combustion of fossil fuels forms polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) composed of five‐ and six‐ membered aromatic rings, such as indene (C9H8), which are carcinogenic, mutagenic, and deleterious to the environment. Indene, the simplest PAH with single five‐ and six‐membered rings, has been predicted theoretically to be formed through the reaction of benzyl radicals with acetylene. Benzyl radicals are found in significant concentrations in combustion flames, owing to their highly stable aromatic and resonantly stabilized free‐radical character. We provide compelling experimental evidence that indene is synthesized through the reaction of the benzyl radical (C7H7) with acetylene (C2H2) under combustion‐like conditions at 600 K. The mechanism involves an initial addition step followed by cyclization and aromatization through atomic hydrogen loss. This reaction was found to form the indene isomer exclusively, which, in conjunction with the high concentrations of benzyl and acetylene in combustion environments, indicates that this pathway is the predominant route to synthesize the prototypical five‐ and six‐membered PAH. 相似文献
19.
Dongping Wang Jie Dong Wenjing Fan Xiang‐Ai Yuan Jian Han Jin Xie 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(22):8430-8434
An unprecedented Mn(I)‐catalyzed selective hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of unsaturated amides with commercially available organic boronic acids is reported. Alkenyl boronic acids have been successfully employed for the first time in Mn(I)‐catalyzed carbon–carbon bond formation. A wide array of β‐alkenylated amide products can be obtained in moderate to good yields, which offers practical access to five‐ and six‐membered lactams. This protocol has predictable regio‐ and chemoselectivity, excellent functional group compatibility and ease of operation in air, representing a significant step‐forward towards manganese‐catalyzed C?C coupling. 相似文献
20.
Dr. Camilla Parmeggiani Dr. Francesca Cardona Leonardo Giusti Prof. Hans‐Ulrich Reissig Prof. Andrea Goti 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(32):10595-10604
Addition of lithiated 1‐benzyloxyallene to a D ‐arabinose‐derived cyclic nitrone occurred with perfect diastereoselectivity furnishing a bicyclic 1,2‐oxazine derivative, which is an excellent precursor for pyrrolizidine alkaloids hydroxylated at C‐7 with optional configuration at this stereogenic center. Depending on the stage of the N? O bond cleavage and ring re‐closure, 7‐hydroxypyrrolizidines with 7R or 7S configuration were obtained, as a result of completely selective addition reactions occurring complementarily at the bottom or top face of the endocyclic C? C double bond in six‐ and five‐membered B rings, respectively. Applicability of these stereodivergent routes to obtain polyhydroxy pyrrolizidine alkaloids is demonstrated by the efficient syntheses of casuarine and australine as examples of the two classes of diversely configured 7‐hydroxypyrrolizidine alkaloids. An alternative synthesis of australine and two strategies for the preparation of 7‐epi‐australine are also reported, which demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of hydride reduction of an exocyclic C? O double bond is independent of the ring size, occurring preferentially from the top face either in a six‐ or five‐membered ring. 相似文献