首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
铂催化α-酮酸酯不对称氢化反应是合成手性α-羟基酯的重要方法之一.综述了近年来铂催化α-酮酸酯不对称氢化多相反应的研究进展,重点讨论了修饰型铂催化剂、负载型铂催化剂、纳米簇和胶体铂催化剂等不同种类铂催化剂对不对称氢化反应的影响,并对可能的反应机理进行了讨论.  相似文献   

2.
钌催化β-酮酸酯不对称氢化反应是合成手性β-羟基酯的重要方法之一.综述了近十年来钌催化β-酮酸酯不对称氢化反应的研究进展,重点讨论了手性配体、底物结构、溶剂和添加剂等因素对均相不对称氢化反应的影响以及载体材料和助剂等因素对多相不对称氢化反应的影响.  相似文献   

3.
陈志坚  李晓红  李灿 《催化学报》2011,32(1):155-161
以介孔材料SBA-15、经或未经Al2O3修饰的具有三维立方孔道结构的SiO2为载体,制备了负载型Pt催化剂,并用于催化α-酮酸酯底物2-氧代-4-苯基-丁酸乙酯(EOPB)和丙酮酸乙酯(Etpy)的不对称氢化反应中.结果表明,当SBA-15孔径由6.2,7.6和9.2nm依次增加时,EOPB不对称氢化的活性和手性选择...  相似文献   

4.
在金鸡纳生物碱稳定剂存在下,通过简便的H_2还原PtO_2可以高效的在咪唑鎓盐离子液体中制备铂纳米颗粒(Pt NPs).TEM表明获得了平均粒径约1.78 nm且分散良好的Pt NPs.在金鸡纳生物碱的修饰下, Pt NPs催化剂在α-酮酸酯的不对称氢化中表现出优异的活性和对映选择性.在辛可尼定稳定和修饰作用下,丙酮酸乙酯催化不对称加氢TOF可达4640 h~(-1),α-酮酸酯的多相对映选择性氢化中ee值可达70.0%~80.1%.研究表明稳定剂和修饰剂手性中心、立体构型及空间位阻等特性协同影响不对称催化诱导能力.BMIMPF_6与乙酸的溶剂组合也是实现高活性及对映选择性的必要条件.催化剂可以重复使用多次,且活性和对映选择性没有明显降低.  相似文献   

5.
刘龑  王正  丁奎岭 《化学学报》2012,(13):1464-1470
本文研究了一类结构可调手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体DpenPhos在Rh(I)催化的E和Z型β-脱氢氨基酸酯的不对称催化氢化反应中的应用.经过系统的反应条件和配体结构优化,发现N原子上含有H的亚磷酰胺配体与Rh(I)形成的催化剂通常比N原子上不含H的配体表现出更高的反应活性.在E型β-脱氢氨基酸酯的不对称氢化反应中,催化剂(R,R)-3k/Rh(I)表现突出,可以实现底物的常压催化氢化,取得了92%~96%的对映选择性,催化剂用量可降低至0.2 mol%;对于Z型β-脱氢氨基酸酯的不对称氢化反应,则(R,R)-3l/Rh(I)为最优催化剂,可以获得92%~98%ee值的氢化产物,特别是对于β-芳基取代衍生物的氢化反应,相应氢化产物的ee值可以达到96%~98%.该类催化剂为天然或非天然光学活性β氨基酸的合成提供了一个简便、高效的方法.  相似文献   

6.
《化学学报》2012,70(13)
本文研究了一类结构可调手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体DpenPhos在Rh(I)催化的E和Z型β-脱氢氨基酸酯的不对称催化氢化反应中的应用.经过系统的反应条件和配体结构优化,发现N原子上含有H的亚磷酰胺配体与Rh(I)形成的催化剂通常比N原子上不含H的配体表现出更高的反应活性.在E型β-脱氢氨基酸酯的不对称氢化反应中,催化剂(R,R)-3k/Rh(I)表现突出,可以实现底物的常压催化氢化,取得了92%~96%的对映选择性,催化剂用量可降低至0.2 mol%;对于Z型β-脱氢氨基酸酯的不对称氢化反应,则(R,R)-3l/Rh(I)为最优催化剂,可以获得92%~98%ee值的氢化产物,特别是对于β-芳基取代衍生物的氢化反应,相应氢化产物的ee值可以达到96%~98%.该类催化剂为天然或非天然光学活性β氨基酸的合成提供了一个简便、高效的方法.  相似文献   

7.
碳纳米管的独特性质,特别是其一维有序的管腔结构所形成的限域环境在催化反应中的应用引起了广泛的兴趣.已有将常规的液相氢化反应和气相反应限域于碳纳米管内的研究报道,并且大多数的研究结果显示限域于碳纳米管内的反应活性和/或选择性有明显提高,但多数研究没有对此给出清晰的解释.金鸡纳碱修饰的Pt催化剂催化的α-酮酸酯不对称氢化体系被认为是多相不对称催化领域发展的里程碑.早期的研究是简单的将碳纳米管作为Pt催化剂的载体用于α-酮酸酯不对称氢化反应,取得了中等的活性和对映体选择性.我们研究组发展了一种催化剂制备方法,可选择性的将Pt纳米粒子限域于碳纳米管管腔内或担载在碳纳米管管外,并将所制备的碳纳米管Pt催化剂应用于α-酮酸酯多相不对称催化反应中,发现封装于管腔内的管内型Pt纳米粒子的催化性能显著高于负载在管腔外壁的管外型Pt纳米粒子的催化性能.然而,对于管内型Pt催化剂催化性能增强的原因并不清楚.CO化学吸附和高分辨投射电镜(HRTEM)的表征结果表明管腔内外的Pt纳米粒子的大小和形貌没有明显区别.本论文在上述研究基础上,采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS),氢气程序升温脱附(H2-TPD),紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)等表征手段研究了Pt纳米粒子担载于碳纳米管内和管外形成的催化剂在α-酮酸酯的不对称氢化反应中催化性能差异的原因.XPS测试结果表明,管内型和管外型Pt催化剂的载体的碳物种分布没有显出差异,但催化活性中心Pt纳米粒子的Pt物种组成不同.经225 oC H2还原后管外型Pt催化剂不存在高氧化态的Pt物种,而管内型Pt催化剂在400 oC H2还原仍然具有7%的高氧化态Pt物种.相应的催化反应结果表明,具有这种稳定的高氧化态Pt物种有利于获得高对映体选择性.参比催化剂商业化的Pt/AC和Pt/Al2O3的XPS测试结果也表明,对映体选择性高的Pt/Al2O3催化剂具有较高含量的高氧化态Pt物种.同时我们发现高氧化态Pt物种有利于催化剂对手性修饰剂和反应底物的吸附.虽然文献中一般认为Pt0是该反应的活性中心,但我们认为这些高氧化态的Pt物种有利于纳米粒子和手性修饰剂之间的相互作用,从而提高反应的对映选择性.我们进一步研究了表明高氧化态的Pt物种能存在于碳纳米管管腔内的原因.发现在催化剂制备过程中所使用的还原剂甲酸钠中残留的钠离子能稳定碳纳米管管腔内高氧化态Pt物种.我们采用H2直接还原制备了不含钠离子的参比管内型Pt催化剂.该参比催化剂的对映体选择性与管外型Pt催化剂相当,明显低于管内型Pt催化剂.同时该参比催化剂对手性修饰剂和底物的吸附能力弱于管内型Pt催化剂.以上结果清晰的表明了碳纳米管内由钠离子稳定的高氧化态Pt物种在α-酮酸酯多相不对称催化反应中的重要作用.然而,我们发现高氧化态Pt+物种含量的差异并不能很好的解释管内型和管外型Pt催化剂反应活性的差异.H2-TPD的结果表明相比于管外型Pt纳米粒子催化剂,管内型Pt纳米粒子具有更高的活化氢分子的能力,相应的催化反应结果表明,管外型Pt催化剂的反应活性随H2压力的降低而显著降低,而管内型Pt催化剂在0.1 MPa H2条件下仍然具有较高活性.简单的动力学模拟结果表明,在0.1 MPa H2条件下,碳纳米管管腔能显著富集H2.  相似文献   

8.
管再鸿  卢胜梅  李灿 《催化学报》2015,(9):1535-1542
碳纳米管的独特性质,特别是其一维有序的管腔结构所形成的限域环境在催化反应中的应用引起了广泛的兴趣.已有将常规的液相氢化反应和气相反应限域于碳纳米管内的研究报道,并且大多数的研究结果显示限域于碳纳米管内的反应活性和/或选择性有明显提高,但多数研究没有对此给出清晰的解释.金鸡纳碱修饰的Pt催化剂催化的α-酮酸酯不对称氢化体系被认为是多相不对称催化领域发展的里程碑.早期的研究是简单的将碳纳米管作为Pt催化剂的载体用于α-酮酸酯不对称氢化反应,取得了中等的活性和对映体选择性.我们研究组发展了一种催化剂制备方法,可选择性的将Pt纳米粒子限域于碳纳米管管腔内或担载在碳纳米管管外,并将所制备的碳纳米管Pt催化剂应用于α-酮酸酯多相不对称催化反应中,发现封装于管腔内的管内型Pt纳米粒子的催化性能显著高于负载在管腔外壁的管外型Pt纳米粒子的催化性能.然而,对于管内型Pt催化剂催化性能增强的原因并不清楚. CO化学吸附和高分辨投射电镜(HRTEM)的表征结果表明管腔内外的Pt纳米粒子的大小和形貌没有明显区别.本论文在上述研究基础上,采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS),氢气程序升温脱附(H2-TPD),紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)等表征手段研究了Pt纳米粒子担载于碳纳米管内和管外形成的催化剂在α-酮酸酯的不对称氢化反应中催化性能差异的原因. XPS测试结果表明,管内型和管外型Pt催化剂的载体的碳物种分布没有显出差异,但催化活性中心Pt纳米粒子的Pt物种组成不同.经225 oC H2还原后管外型Pt催化剂不存在高氧化态的Pt物种,而管内型Pt催化剂在400 oC H2还原仍然具有7%的高氧化态Pt物种.相应的催化反应结果表明,具有这种稳定的高氧化态Pt物种有利于获得高对映体选择性.参比催化剂商业化的Pt/AC和Pt/Al2O3的XPS测试结果也表明,对映体选择性高的Pt/Al2O3催化剂具有较高含量的高氧化态Pt物种.同时我们发现高氧化态Pt物种有利于催化剂对手性修饰剂和反应底物的吸附.虽然文献中一般认为Pt0是该反应的活性中心,但我们认为这些高氧化态的Pt物种有利于纳米粒子和手性修饰剂之间的相互作用,从而提高反应的对映选择性.我们进一步研究了表明高氧化态的Pt物种能存在于碳纳米管管腔内的原因.发现在催化剂制备过程中所使用的还原剂甲酸钠中残留的钠离子能稳定碳纳米管管腔内高氧化态Pt物种.我们采用H2直接还原制备了不含钠离子的参比管内型Pt催化剂.该参比催化剂的对映体选择性与管外型Pt催化剂相当,明显低于管内型Pt催化剂.同时该参比催化剂对手性修饰剂和底物的吸附能力弱于管内型Pt催化剂.以上结果清晰的表明了碳纳米管内由钠离子稳定的高氧化态Pt物种在α-酮酸酯多相不对称催化反应中的重要作用.然而,我们发现高氧化态Pt+物种含量的差异并不能很好的解释管内型和管外型Pt催化剂反应活性的差异. H2-TPD的结果表明相比于管外型Pt纳米粒子催化剂,管内型Pt纳米粒子具有更高的活化氢分子的能力,相应的催化反应结果表明,管外型Pt催化剂的反应活性随H2压力的降低而显著降低,而管内型Pt催化剂在0.1 MPa H2条件下仍然具有较高活性.简单的动力学模拟结果表明,在0.1 MPa H2条件下,碳纳米管管腔能显著富集H2.  相似文献   

9.
金属催化的不对称氢化反应研究进展与展望   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
谢建华  周其林 《化学学报》2012,70(13):1427-1438
手性过渡金属络合物催化的不对称氢化反应是合成光学活性化合物的重要方法.本文从手性配体及手性催化剂、不对称催化新反应、新方法和新策略三个方面简要评述新世纪以来过渡金属催化的不对称氢化反应研究领域的新进展.从新世纪初至今,手性单磷配体得到了复兴,出现了如MonoPhos、SiPhos、DpenPhos等高效单齿亚磷酰胺酯配体;磷原子手性(P-手性)配体也得到了快速发展,如BenzP*、ZhanPhos、TriFer等已成为新的高效手性双膦配体;螺环骨架手性配体成为新世纪手性配体设计合成的亮点,除了SiPhos、SIPHOX、SpinPHOX等高效手性螺环配体外,手性螺环吡啶胺基磷配体SpiroPAP的铱催化剂成为目前最高效的分子催化剂.不对称催化氢化新反应研究也取得了突破,如非保护烯胺、杂芳环化合物及N-H亚胺的氢化等反应都实现了高对映选择性.自组装手性催化剂、树枝状手性催化剂、铁磁性纳米负载的可回收手性催化剂,以及"混合"配体手性催化剂等新方法和新策略也在不对称催化氢化反应中得到了应用.然而,手性过渡金属络合物催化的不对称氢化研究仍然充满挑战,也期待新的突破.  相似文献   

10.
从Ug’s胺出发通过4步化学反应合成了一种新的手性PNN三齿配体indan-f-amphox(该配体为f-amphox的姊妹配体),并将其用于铱催化的β-芳基β-酮酸酯的不对称氢化反应,结果显示Ir(Ⅲ)-indan-f-amphox催化剂对该类反应具有非常高的反应活性和立体选择性(对应选择性最高99%,转化数高达10000),适用于多种β-芳基β-酮酸酯.  相似文献   

11.

Chiral heterogeneous catalysts have been synthesized by grafting of silyl derivatives of (1R, 2R)- or (1S, 2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine on SBA-15 mesoporous support. The mesoporous material SBA-15 and so-prepared chiral heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by a combination of different techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. Results showed that (1R, 2R)- and (1S, 2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine were successively immobilized on SBA-15 mesoporous support. Chiral heterogeneous catalysts and their homogenous counterparts were tested in enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones and enantioselective Michael addition of acetylacetone to β-nitroolefin derivatives. The catalysts demonstrated notably high catalytic conversions (up to 99%) with moderate enantiomeric excess (up to 30% ee) for the heterogeneous enantioselective transfer hydrogenation. The catalytic performances for enantioselective Michael reaction showed excellent activities (up to 99%) with poor enantioselectivities. Particularly, the chiral heterogeneous catalysts could be readily recycled for Michael reaction and reused in three consecutive catalytic experiments with no loss of catalytic efficacies.

  相似文献   

12.
Rh diphosphine complexes using DuPhos and JosiPhos as chiral ligands have been immobilised by ion exchange into the mesoporous material MCM-41. When used as catalysts for the enantioselective hydrogenation of dimethyl itaconate and methyl-2-acetamidoacrylate, these heterogeneous catalysts give catalytic performance in terms of yield and enantioselection that are comparable to the corresponding homogeneous catalysts. Furthermore, the heterogeneous catalysts can be readily recovered and reused without loss of catalyst performance. A second immobilisation strategy is described in which [Rh(COD)2]+BF4- is initially immobilised by ion exchange and subsequently modified by the chiral diphosphine and this give comparable catalyst performance. This immobilisation strategy opens up the possibility of easy ligand-screening for parallel synthesis and libraries.  相似文献   

13.
The development of heterogeneous catalysts for asymmetric synthesis is one of the most challenging topics in chemistry, as it allows obtaining enantiomerically pure compounds. Recently, metal layers incorporating molecular chiral cavities, obtained by electroreduction of a metal source in the simultaneous presence of a non-ionic surfactant and asymmetric molecules, have been proposed for a wide range of applications, including enantioselective electroanalysis and electrosynthesis, as well as chiral separation. In contrast to this previous work, solely based on electrochemical phenomena, herein we designed and employed nanostructured chiral encoded Pt−Ir alloys, supported on high surface area nickel foams, as heterogeneous catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. Fine-tuning the experimental conditions allows achieving very high enantioselectivity (>80%), combined with improved catalyst stability.  相似文献   

14.
The enantioselective heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of isophorone in the presence of apovincaminic acid ethyl ester was investigated. Various Pd black catalysts differing in their preparation method were studied. The catalysts were characterized by different methods such as physical adsorption and chemisorption, SEM and XPS. An explanation was created for the different enantioselectivity of the catalysts being precipitated by different reducing agents.  相似文献   

15.
Some aspects of metal-catalyzed heterogeneous enantioselective reactions are reviewed with specific reference to four different systems where the phenomena that control enantioselection appear to be very different. In the case of glucose electro-oxidation, it is clear that any intrinsic chirality present at the metal surface plays a vital role. With α-keto hydrogenation, achiral surfaces modified by the adsorption of chiral agents become effective enantioselective catalysts and the formation of extended arrays of chiral species appears not to be of importance: instead a 1:1 docking interaction controlled by hydrogen bonding between the adsorbed chiral modifier and the prochiral reactant determines the outcome. Hydrogen bonding also plays a central role in β-ketoester hydrogenation, but here fundamental studies indicate that the formation of ordered arrays involving the reactant and chiral ligand is of importance. Asymmetric C═C hydrogenation, though relatively little studied, has the potential for major impact in synthetic organic chemistry both on the laboratory scale and in the manufacture of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The structural attributes that determine whether a given chiral ligand is effective have been identified; the ability to form strong covalent bonds with the metal surface while also resisting hydrogenation and displacement by the strongly adsorbing reactant under reaction conditions is an essential necessary condition. Beyond this, ligand rigidity in the vicinity of the chirality center coupled with resistance to SAM formation is a critically important factor whose absence results in racemic chemistry.  相似文献   

16.
The enantioselective hydrogenation of α-ketoesters to α-hydroxyesters over Pt/Al2O3 catalysts modified by cinchona alkaloids is an interesting model reaction for the investigation of heterogeneous catalysis capable of producing optically active products. The aim of the present theoretical study is to rationalize the interaction between protonated cinchona alkaloids (modifiers) and methyl pyruvate (substrate) by investigating the possible weak complexes formed by these two species. For this purpose we use molecular mechanics and the AM1 semiempirical method. The optimization leads to two stable forms of the complexes, where the substrate is bound to the modifier via hydrogen bonding between the oxygen of the α-carbonyl of pyruvate and the quinuclidine nitrogen of the alkaloid. In such complexes the methyl pyruvate is transformed into a half-hydrogenated species which can be adsorbed on the platinum surface and, after hydrogenation, leads to methyl lactate product. The results show that adsorption of the complex leading to (R)-methyl lactate is more favorable than that of the corresponding system yielding (S)-methyl lactate, which may be the key for the enantio-differentiation.  相似文献   

17.
Toukoniitty  E.  Mäki-Arvela  P.  Nieminen  V.  Salmi  T.  Murzin  D. Yu. 《Kinetics and Catalysis》2003,44(4):562-571
The present work comprises a detailed investigation of a complex reaction system, revealing features of reaction mechanisms that are general for asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis. Heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation of 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione was studied over cinchonidine modified Pt catalysts producing (R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropanone as the main product with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 65% at maximum yield, which could be further increased above 90% due to kinetic resolution. The results of kinetic studies in batch and continuous reactors, catalyst screening and characterization results, as well as quantum chemical calculations, are summarized, and pertinent mechanistic aspects are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Conclusions A mechanism is proposed for the enantioselective hydrogenation of acetylacetone and ethyl acetoacetate (methyl acetoacetate) over skeletal Cu, Ni, and Co catalysts modified by aromatic amino acids, using stereochemical regularities found for heteroligand Cu, Ni, and Co(II) complexes, with acetylacetone (ethyl acetoacetate) and aromatic amino acids in solution.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 545–551, March, 1980.  相似文献   

19.
The development of heterogeneous chiral catalysts for enantioselective reactions is highly desirable in order to overcome some drawbacks of homogeneous catalysts. Different from the conventional approaches by using various types of supports or biphasic systems for the recovery and reuse of homogeneous catalysts, a conceptually new strategy for heterogenization of homogeneous chiral catalysts, that is, a "self-supporting" approach, has been developed to use homochiral metal-organic coordination polymers generated by the self-assembly of chiral multitopic ligands with metal ions, and thus obviates the use of any support. In this concept article, the success of this "self-supporting" strategy will be exemplified in heterogeneous catalysis of asymmetric carbonyl-ene, sulfoxidation, epoxidation, and asymmetric hydrogenation reactions.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号