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1.
采用放射性同位素3H标记的四氢萘溶剂进行了先锋褐煤与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的共液化示踪试验,并考察了钼灰(FAMo)和Fe2O3+S催化剂的影响。应用液体闪烁计数器测量了各液化产物中的放射性活度,以研究煤与废塑料共液化中的氢转移。结果表明:在先锋褐煤与LDPE塑料共液化反应的初始阶段,存在着四氢萘溶剂的供氢作用,而且这种供氢作用不受催化剂的影响,只是热力作用的结果。使用加氢蒽油(HAO)和四氢萘(THN)溶剂混和物作为共液化溶剂时,先锋褐煤与LDPE共液化反应初期的溶剂供氢还存在着竞争转移,其主要取决于溶剂的脱氢能力。  相似文献   

2.
采用放射性同位素3H标记的聚乙烯塑料进行了先锋褐煤与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的共液化示踪试验,并考察了钼灰(FAMo)催化剂和不同溶剂的影响,示踪试验结果表明,在先锋煤与LDPE共液化过程中,富氢塑料LDPE中的含氢基团确实起着供氢作用,而且这种含氢基团向煤液化自由基的氢转移无需经过供氢溶剂进行传递,钼灰催化剂能够加速LDPE塑料的供氢作用,使用非供氢溶剂时,在煤与LDPE共液化反应初期,LDPE中的含氢基团在钼灰催化剂作用下较易向煤热裂解产物转移,并出现供氢竞争现象。  相似文献   

3.
研究新疆淖毛湖煤(NMH)在四氢萘为溶剂条件下的加氢液化反应行为,探究了液化过程氢传递规律,并借助XRD、饱和磁化强度和扫描电镜表征手段,研究了煤液化条件下铁系催化剂的相态变化对煤液化性能的影响。结果表明,NMH煤在420℃、17 MPa就具有良好的液化效果;催化剂的活性态Fe7S8在煤液化反应初期发挥了催化作用,加氢液化后期,转变为非活性态Fe_9S_(10)和FeS;提高催化剂加氢活性并延长反应时间有利于沥青烯和前沥青烯加氢轻质化;催化剂有利于活化气相氢向煤的热解产物和溶剂转移,也有利于活化溶剂中的氢向煤的热解产物转移;溶剂对液化反应的活性氢贡献更大,约为气相氢的两倍,气相氢向溶剂传递的氢量随温度的升高、压力的增大和时间的延长变化不大,气相氢和供氢溶剂供氢与煤和沥青质向油气转化呈正相关。  相似文献   

4.
小龙潭褐煤不同气氛下液化性能的研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
根据褐煤含水量高的特点,研究了以水为溶剂,不同气氛条件下小龙潭褐煤的液化行为。结果表明,小龙潭褐煤具有较好的液化活性,在420℃,H2气氛下以四氢萘为溶剂时煤的液化转化率可达到94.5%。煤液化过程中,稳定热解产生的自由基活性氢主要来自于供氢溶剂,而气相H2不具活性,不能直接为液化过程提供活性氢。当以水为溶剂取代四氢萘进行褐煤直接液化时,相对于H2和N2气氛,CO 气氛下表现出较好的液化性能。这表明发生了水煤气变换反应并生成了活性氢,该活性氢可以使得煤热解产生的自由基稳定,生成低分子的液化产物,提高了液化转化率。由于在较低的CO初压下反应生成的活性氢数量有限,因而液化转化率不高。实验表明,以水为溶剂在CO气氛下进行褐煤的液化是一种新的褐煤直接液化技术。  相似文献   

5.
先锋褐煤在离子液体中温和加氢转化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对先锋褐煤在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim]BF4)中于温和条件下(350 ℃)的加氢液化行为进行了研究.主要考察了催化剂FeS、ZnCl2、AlCl3和FeCl3对先锋褐煤在离子液体[Bmim]BF4中液化性能的影响规律,并对液化产物进行了红外光谱分析.研究发现,先锋褐煤在离子液[Bmim]BF4、催化剂和四氢萘(THN)作用下具有较好的液化性能.在350 ℃、[Bmim]BF4和ZnCl2作用下,先锋褐煤的液化产物产率为66.2%,主要的液化产物为四氢呋喃可溶物(THFS)、四氢呋喃不溶而N-甲基吡咯烷酮可溶的产物(NS).液化产物的红外光谱分析结果表明,催化剂的种类显著影响液化产物的分布和结构.  相似文献   

6.
在合成气(H_2+CO)/复合溶剂(THN+H_2O)体系和氢气/四氢萘(H_2/THN)体系下考察了胜利褐煤液化性能,并对液化产物沥青烯和前沥青烯进行了红外光谱分析。结果表明,合成气/复合溶剂体系下胜利褐煤液化转化率和油产率显著高于H_2/THN体系,当反应条件为H_2∶CO=1∶1(体积比)、THN∶H_2O=1∶1(体积比)、反应温度400℃、初压4 M Pa、时间30 min、催化剂添加量3%(Fe的质量计)和硫铁原子比1.2时,胜利褐煤液化转化率和油产率分别为88.79%和55.47%,比H_2/THN体系分别高出8.00%和7.54%。据此表明,在合成气/复合溶剂体系下,水煤气变换反应产生的氢活性更高,对煤和液化产物前沥青烯具有更好的加氢效果,同时四氢萘的存在稳定了煤热解自由基和溶解分散液化重质产物沥青烯和前沥青烯,这些因素的协同作用提高了煤液化转化率和油产率。实验表明,合成气/复合溶剂体系是一种新的褐煤直接液化技术。  相似文献   

7.
先锋褐煤热溶及热溶物红外光谱表征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用高温热溶装置研究了不同溶剂中先锋褐煤热溶性能,并对热溶物和热溶残煤分别进行了红外光谱表征。结果表明,先锋褐煤以化学交联大分子结构为主,非共价键缔合低分子化合物含量较低;虽然高温热溶可以显著提高热溶效率,300℃甲苯和四氢萘溶剂中热溶率达到20.7%和21.3%,但是以热断裂煤结构中的非共价键作用,促进低分子化合物溶解为主;300℃热溶过程中不存在明显热解反应,供氢溶剂及氢键型溶剂作用不明显;先锋褐煤热溶物中含有丰富的脂肪结构和羧酸酯,羟基和芳香结构含量较低;热溶溶剂明显影响热溶物结构与组成。
  相似文献   

8.
选用ZnCl2为催化剂在高压反应釜中进行加氢液化反应,利用GC-MS和红外光谱技术,研究溶剂极性及供氢能力对木质素磺酸盐液化产率及产物的影响。产率分析表明,极性溶剂有利于木质素液化转化,供氢溶剂有利于提高轻馏分产率,水溶剂条件下木质素液化转化率最高,甲醇溶剂体系条件下轻馏分产率最高,相对最低液化转化率及轻馏分产率的1,4二氧六环溶剂体系分别提高2.0倍和1.9倍。GC-MS分析表明,中等极性溶剂有利于中间产物溶解稳定,供氢溶剂四氢萘通过释放氢自由基结合稳定中间产物。乙醇溶剂条件下中间产物相对含量是48.76%,相对最低含量水溶剂体系提高2.2倍。红外光谱分析表明,醇类溶剂参与反应,焦油产物羟基峰强度增强。  相似文献   

9.
为探究溶剂特性对煤加氢液化中间产物反应行为的影响,以新疆淖毛湖煤作为原料,四氢萘、循环溶剂及十氢萘作为供氢溶剂,在高压搅拌釜中进行直接加氢液化实验,并运用电子顺磁共振手段分析了中间产物-沥青质的自由基浓度的变化。结果表明,四氢萘溶剂中沥青质随反应温度的升高在大量生成的同时又被转化,产率从290℃的12.92%到350℃的最大34.13%再到430℃的15.98%;循环溶剂中沥青质产率先持续上升,290℃即有31.89%,400℃达到最大47.96%,之后由于结焦反应降低至33.90%。十氢萘溶剂中沥青质产率变化趋势与四氢萘一致。三种溶剂中沥青质自由基浓度的变化趋势相同,均在350℃达到最大值,分别是1.778×1018、2.323×1018和1.930×1018/g,整体上看循环溶剂数值要高于四氢萘,十氢萘介于两者之间。而四氢萘及循环溶剂中沥青质的g值在2.00323-2.00403,变化趋势与液化气体产物中COx含量变化相吻合。  相似文献   

10.
不同液化条件下生物质残渣的燃烧特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对锯屑在不同液化条件(溶剂、气氛、温度、催化剂)下所得液化残渣在热天平上进行了燃烧特性研究,通过比较液化残渣燃烧的三个特征温度,着火点ti、燃烧峰温tp和燃烬温度tb,分析了液化条件对残渣燃烧特性的影响。同时通过热重曲线所得数据探讨了液化残渣燃烧过程的动力学,并计算了活化能和频率因子 。结果表明,不同溶剂下所得液化残渣的燃烧特性显著不同,以四氢萘为溶剂所得液化残渣具有较好的燃烧特性;不同气氛下所得残渣的燃烧特性没有明显的不同;350℃下所得液化残渣的燃烧特性要好于300℃下所得液化残渣的燃烧特性;由于催化剂的影响,加入1%Mo后降低了所得液化残渣的燃烧特性;液化残渣的燃烧反应符合两段一级反应动力学。  相似文献   

11.
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.  相似文献   

12.
KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.  相似文献   

13.
Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.  相似文献   

14.
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.  相似文献   

15.
A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.  相似文献   

16.
The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion.  相似文献   

17.
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.  相似文献   

18.
An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.  相似文献   

19.
N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).  相似文献   

20.
Zhanhui Yang  Shiyi Yang  Jiaxi Xu 《Tetrahedron》2017,73(23):3240-3248
Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp3)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.  相似文献   

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