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1.
Commercially, iron (α-Fe) and hematite (α-Fe2O3) powders were used for the synthesis of composite powders of Fe2O3/Fe type by mechanical milling. Several ratios of Fe2O3/Fe were chosen for the composite synthesis; the atomic percent of oxygen in the starting mixtures ranged from 21 to 46 %. The Fe2O3/Fe composite samples with various Fe/O ratios were milled for different milling times. The milled composite samples were subjected to the heat treatments in argon up to 900 °C. During the heat treatment at temperatures that do not exceed 550 °C, Fe3O4/Fe composite particles are formed by the reaction between the Fe2O3 and Fe. Further increase of the heat treatment up to 700 °C leads to the reaction of the Fe3O4/Fe composite component phases, resulting thus in the formation of FeO/Fe composite. The heat treatment up to 900 °C of the Fe2O3/Fe leads to the formation of a composite of FeO/Fe3O4/Fe independent of the milling time and Fe2O3/Fe ratios. The onset temperatures of the Fe3O4 and FeO formations decrease upon increasing the milling time. Another important aspect is that, in the case of the same milling time but with a large amount of iron into the composite powder the formations temperatures of Fe3O4 and FeO are also decreasing. The influence of the mechanical activation time, heat treatment temperature, and Fe/O ratio on the formation of the (Fe3O4, FeO)/Fe composite from Fe2O3+Fe precursor mixtures was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction techniques.  相似文献   

2.
The preparation of novel one‐dimensional core–shell Fe/Fe2O3 nanowires as anodes for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is reported. The nanowires are prepared in a facile synthetic process in aqueous solution under ambient conditions with subsequent annealing treatment that could tune the capacity for lithium storage. When this hybrid is used as an anode material for LIBs, the outer Fe2O3 shell can act as an electrochemically active material to store and release lithium ions, whereas the highly conductive and inactive Fe core functions as nothing more than an efficient electrical conducting pathway and a remarkable buffer to tolerate volume changes of the electrode materials during the insertion and extraction of lithium ions. The core–shell Fe/Fe2O3 nanowire maintains an excellent reversible capacity of over 767 mA h g?1 at 500 mA g?1 after 200 cycles with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 98.6 %. Even at 2000 mA g?1, a stable capacity as high as 538 mA h g?1 could be obtained. The unique composition and nanostructure of this electrode material contribute to this enhanced electrochemical performance. Due to the ease of large‐scale fabrication and superior electrochemical performance, these hybrid nanowires are promising anode materials for the next generation of high‐performance LIBs.  相似文献   

3.
Reduced graphene nanosheets/Fe2O3 nanorods (GNS/Fe2O3) composite has been fabricated by a hydrothermal route for supercapacitor electrode materials. The obtained GNS/Fe2O3 composite formed a uniform structure with the Fe2O3 nanorods grew on the graphene surface and/or filled between the graphene sheets. The electrochemical performances of the GNS/Fe2O3 hybrid supercapacitor were tested by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Comparing with the pure Fe2O3 electrode, GNS/Fe2O3 composite electrode exhibits an enhanced specific capacitance of 320 F g−1 at 10 mA cm−2 and an excellent cycle-ability with capacity retention of about 97% after 500 cycles. The simple and cost-effective preparation technique of this composite with good capacitive behavior encourages its potential commercial application.  相似文献   

4.
采用静电自组装方法,分两步合成Fe(OH)3/GO前驱体(GO:氧化石墨烯),再通过水热反应和600 ℃高纯氮气气氛下煅烧,获得了Fe3O4/石墨烯复合材料. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、拉曼(Raman)光谱等多种分析,发现该复合材料具有三维多孔石墨烯网络结构. 把合成的这种Fe3O4/石墨烯复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料,电化学测试结果表明其具有优良的电化学性能:首次放电容量为1390 mAh·g-1,50次循环后容量为819 mAh·g-1. 通过对比实验表明,三维石墨烯网络结构的形成对复合材料的电化学循环稳定性起着关键作用.  相似文献   

5.
The composite/nanocomposite powders of Mn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4/Fe type were synthesized starting from nanocrystalline Mn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 (D = 7 nm) (obtained by ceramic method and mechanical milling) and commercial Fe powders. The composites, Mn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4/Fe, were milled for up to 120 min and subjected to heat treatment at 600 °C and 800 °C for 2 h. The manganese-nickel ferrite/iron composite samples were subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) up to 900 °C for thermal stability investigations. The composite component phases evolution during mechanical milling and heat treatments were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique. The present phases in Mn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4/Fe composite are stable up to 400–450 °C. In the temperature range of 450-600 °C, the interdiffusion phenomena occurs leading to the formation of Fe1?xMnxFe2O4/Ni–Fe composite type. The new formed ferrite of Fe1?xMnxFe2O4 type presents an increased lattice parameter as a result of the substitution of nickel cations into the spinel structure by iron ones. Further increases of the temperature lead to the ferrite phase partial reduction and the formation of wustite-FeO type phase. The spinel structure presents incipient recrystallization phenomena after both heat treatments (600 °C and 800 °C). The mean crystallites size of the ferrite after heat treatment at 800 °C is about 75 nm. After DSC treatment at 900 °C, the composite material consists in Fe1?xMnxFe2O4, Ni structure, FeO, and (NiO)0.25(MnO)0.75 phases.  相似文献   

6.
Modulating the electronic structure of electrode materials at atomic level is the key to controlling electrodes with outstanding rate capability. On the basis of modulating the iron cationic vacancies (IV) and electronic structure of materials, we proposed the method of preparing graphdiyne/ferroferric oxide heterostructure (IV-GDY-FO) as anode materials. The goal is to motivate lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) toward ultra-high capacity, superior cyclic stability, and excellent rate performance. The graphdiyne is used as carriers to disperse Fe3O4 uniformly without agglomeration and induce high valence of Fe with reducing the energy in the system. The presence of Fe vacancy could regulate the charge distribution around vacancies and adjacent atoms, leading to facilitate electronic transportation, enlarge the lithium-ion diffusion, and decrease Li+ diffusion barriers, and thus displaying significant pseudocapacitive process and advantageous lithium-ion storage. The optimized electrode IV-GDY-FO reveals a capacity of 2084.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, superior cycle stability and rate performance with a high specific capacity of 1057.4 mAh g−1 even at 10 C.  相似文献   

7.
The electrode materials with hollow structure and/or graphene coating are expected to exhibit outstanding electrochemical performances in energy‐storage systems. 2D graphene‐wrapped hollow C/Fe3O4 microspheres are rationally designed and fabricated by a novel facile and scalable strategy. The core@double‐shell structure SPS@FeOOH@GO (SPS: sulfonated polystyrene, GO: graphene oxide) microspheres are first prepared through a simple one‐pot approach and then transformed into C/Fe3O4@G (G: graphene) after calcination at 500 °C in Ar. During calcination, the Kirkendall effect resulting from the diffusion/reaction of SPS‐derived carbon and FeOOH leads to the formation of hollow structure carbon with Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded in it. In the rationally constructed architecture of C/Fe3O4@G, the strongly coupled C/Fe3O4 hollow microspheres are further anchored onto 2D graphene networks, achieving a strong synergetic effect between carbon, Fe3O4, and graphene. As an anode material of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), C/Fe3O4@G manifests a high reversible capacity, excellent rate behavior, and outstanding long‐term cycling performance (1208 mAh g?1 after 200 cycles at 100 mA g?1).  相似文献   

8.
以氧化石墨烯(GO)为基底,Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O、异丙醇、甘油为原料,通过溶剂热法和后续热处理过程2步合成了Fe_3O_4@C/rGO复合材料,实现了碳包覆的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子自组装形成的分级结构空心球在氧化石墨烯片上的原位生长。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和恒流充放电等手段分析了材料的物理化学性能与储锂性能。结果表明,该复合材料在5.0 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,仍有437.7 mAh·g~(-1)的可逆容量,在1.0 A·g~(-1)下循环200圈后还有587.3 mAh·g~(-1)的放电比容量。这主要归因于还原态氧化石墨烯(rGO)对碳包覆Fe_3O_4分级空心球整体结构稳定性和导电性的提高。  相似文献   

9.
A composite of highly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) anchored in three‐dimensional hierarchical porous carbon networks (Fe3O4/3DHPC) as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) was prepared by means of a deposition technique assisted by a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)‐expanded ethanol solution. The as‐synthesized Fe3O4/3DHPC composite exhibits a bimodal porous 3D architecture with mutually connected 3.7 nm mesopores defined in the macroporous wall on which a layer of small and uniform Fe3O4 NPs was closely coated. As an anode material for LIBs, the Fe3O4/3DHPC composite with 79 wt % Fe3O4 (Fe3O4/3DHPC‐79) delivered a high reversible capacity of 1462 mA h g?1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g?1, and maintained good high‐rate performance (728, 507, and 239 mA h g?1 at 1, 2, and 5 C, respectively). Moreover, it showed excellent long‐term cycling performance at high current densities, 1 and 2 A g?1. The enhanced lithium‐storage behavior can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the porous support and the homogeneous Fe3O4 NPs. More importantly, this straightforward, highly efficient, and green synthetic route will definitely enrich the methodologies for the fabrication of carbon‐based transition‐metal oxide composites, and provide great potential materials for additional applications in supercapacitors, sensors, and catalyses.  相似文献   

10.
Hao  Quanyi  Lei  Danni  Yin  Xiaoming  Zhang  Ming  Liu  Shuang  Li  Qiuhong  Chen  Libao  Wang  Taihong 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2010,15(11):2563-2569

Urchin-like nano/micro-structured Fe3O4/C composite has been successfully synthesized using inexpensive starting materials. The urchin-shaped nano/micro-structure consisted of several oriented nanorods. TEM analysis revealed that there is a large number of pores and uniform amorphous carbon distribution at a nanoscale in the nanorods walls. As used in lithium-ion batteries, the mesoporous Fe3O4/C anode delivered a higher reversible capacity of about 830 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C up to 50 cycles, as well as enhanced high-rate capability compared with urchin-like Fe2O3 and commercial Fe3O4. The improvements can be attributed to the combined effects of the nano/micro-architecture, the porosity, and the ultra-fine carbon matrix, where the three factors would contribute to possess both the merits of nanometer-sized building blocks and micro-sized assemblies and provide high electronic conductivity. It is believed that the results of this study offer new prospects for improving the lithium storage capacity of metal oxides by controlling both architecture and composition.

  相似文献   

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