乙烯酮自由基(HCCO·)与二氧化氮(NO2)反应势能面的理论研究

在CCSD(T)/6-311G(d,p)//MP2/6-311G(d,p)+ZPE水平上对反应HCCO+NO2进行了计算, 建立了反应势能面. 此反应由反应物通过三步反应到达产物. 首先, NO2的O原子进攻HCCO自由基中与H相邻的C原子, 形成异构体1[ONOC(H)CO]或2[H(CONOC)O]. 然后, 异构体1和2通过N-O键的断裂形成产物NO和OC(H)CO. 最后, 产物中的OC(H)CO可以通过C-C键的断裂进一步分解为HCO和CO. 由HCCO+NO2反应得到产物NO+HCO+CO.     

新型双四面体过渡金属簇合物的合成与表征

利用 Co2 ( CO) 8与 [Cl3CC( O) OCH2 ] 2 的反应合成了以 C( O) OCH2 CH2 OC( O)桥联两个Co3C四面体骨架为特征的新型双四面体簇合物 [( CO) 9Co3(μ3 C) C( O) OCH2 ] 2 ( 1 ) ;1与不同物质的量比的 Na[M( CO) 3C5H4R] ( M=Mo,W;R=H,C( O) Me)反应 ,得到一步交换的产物( CO) 9Co3( μ3 C) C( O) OCH2 CH2 OC( O) ( μ3 C) Co2 M( CO) 8( C5H4R) [M=Mo,R=H ( 2 ) ;M=Mo,R=C( O) Me( 3) ;M=W,R=H( 4) ;M=W,R=C( O) Me( 5) ]或两步交换的产物[( C5H4R) ( CO) 8Co2 M( μ3 C) C( O) OCH2 ] 2 [M=Mo,R=H( 6 ) ;M=Mo,R=C( O) Me( 7) ;M=W,R=H( 8) ;M=W,R=C( O) Me( 9) ] .5或 9分别与 Na[Mo( CO) 3C5H5]以 1 2的物质的量比反应得到含一个手性四面体骨架 ( Co Mo WC)的 ( C5H5) ( CO) 8Co2 Mo( μ3 C) C( O) OCH2 CH2 O·C( O) ( μ3 C) Co Mo W( CO) 7( C5H4C( O) Me) ( C5H5) ( 1 0 )或含两个手性四面体骨架 ( Co Mo WC)的[( C5H5) ( C5H4C( O) Me) ( CO) 7Co Mo W(μ3 C) C( O) OCH2 ] 2 ( 1 1 ) ;对化合物 1 _ 1 1进行了 C H元素分析、IR和 1 H NMR等表征 .结果表明 ,在金属交换反应中处于不同簇环境下的 Co( CO) 3基团反应活性不同 .对化合物 1进行了晶体 X射线衍射分析 .化合物 1的晶体属单斜晶系 ,P2     

A Novel 3D Polyoxotungstate Constructed from Dawson Polyanions and Alkaline Earth Cations

A novel 3D polyoxotungstate [Ca(H2O)2][Ca(H2O)3]H2[P2W18O62]·9H2O(1) has been synthesized by the conventional aqueous solution method and characterized by IR spectrum,elemental analyses,single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electrochemistry.1 crystallizes in triclinic,space group P1 with a = 12.9077(14),b = 14.8593(16),c = 20.023(2),α = 70.1620(10),β = 80.8110(10),γ = 64.3770(10)o,V = 3256.9(6)3,Z = 2,Dc = 4.790 g/cm3,μ = 31.975 mm-1,F(000) = 4080,R = 0.0412,and wR = 0.1039.X-ray single-crystal structural analysis indicates that the molecular structural unit of 1 consists of one saturated Dawson [α-P2W18O62]6-polyanion,one seven-coordinate [Ca(H2O)2]2+ cation,one eight-coordinate [Ca(H2O)3]2+ cation,two protons and nine lattice water molecules.Interestingly,adjacent Dawson [α-P2W18O62]6-polyanions are connected by [Ca(H2O)2]2+ and [Ca(H2O)3]2+ cations and hydrogen bonding interactions to form a 3D infinite framework.The electrochemistry property of 1 has been studied.     

An Organic-inorganic Hybrid Sandwich-type Arsenotungstate [H_2dap]_2H_2[Ni(dap)_2][Ni(dap)_2(H_2O)_2]- [Ni_4(H_2O)_2(B-α-As~VW_9O_(34))_2]·8H_2O

A new organic-inorganic hybrid sandwich-type arsenotungstate[H2dap]2H2[Ni(dap)2] [Ni(dap)2(H2O)2][Ni4(H2O)2(B-α-AsVW9O34)2]·8H2O 1 (dap = 1,2-diaminopropane) has been synthesized by the reaction of Na6[AsIII2W21O69(H2O)]·nH2O, NiCl2·6H2O and dap under hydro- thermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermo- gravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 13.5133(19), b = 19.043(3), c = 17.647(2) , β = 102.585(2)°, V = 4432.0(11) 3, T = 296(2) K, Z = 2, μ = 25.350 mm–1, GOOF = 1.058, R = 0.0353 and wR = 0.0838. The molecular unit of 1 consists of two diprotonated [H2dap]2+ cations, two protons, one four-coordinate [Ni(dap)2]2+ cation, one six-coordinate [Ni(dap)2(H2O)2]2+ cation, one classic tetra-NiII substituted sandwich-type [Ni4(H2O)2(B-α-AsVW9O34)2]10– polyoxoanion and eight lattice water molecules. Furthermore, some reported different types of transition-metal substituted sandwich-type poly- oxoanions are summarized and compared.     

三元体系MgCl2-CO(NH2)2-H2O在25℃时的等温溶度与新相研究

测定了25℃时三元体系MgCl2-CO(NH2)2-H2O的等温溶度及饱和溶液的折光率和密度,且绘制成溶度图和性质-组成图.在三元体系内形成2个三元化合物新相:MgCl2·CO(NH2)2·4H2O(记作A)和Mgcl2·4CO(NH2)2·2H2O(记作B),B为新化合物.三元体系的溶度图由4支单饱和线[对应单饱和固相为MgCl2·6H2O、三元化合物A和B、CO(NH2)2]组成,这4支单饱和线两两交于3个三元无变点[对应双饱和固相为MgCl2·6H2O+A、A+B、B+CO(NH2)2].     

由四核Fe(Ⅱ)金属簇和三缺位Keggin型磷钨酸盐构筑的夹心型多金属氧酸盐(英文)

利用水热法合成了由四核FeⅡ簇和三缺位Keggin型磷钨酸盐共同构筑而成的夹心型多金属氧酸盐(H2dien)4H2[Fe4(H2O)2(α-B-PW9O34)2]·8H2O(1)(dien=二乙烯三胺);采用红外光谱、X-射线单晶衍射定性表征了产物的结构,利用元素分析测定了其组成.结果表明,化合物1属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群.其多阴离子[Fe4(H2O)2(α-B-PW9O34)2]10-由两个[α-B-PW9O34]9-单元通过Fe4O14(H2O)2簇连接而成;Fe2+离子采用六配位的八面体几何构型.同时,质子化的H2dien2+充当抗衡阳离子,经氢键与杂多阴离子[Fe4(H2O)2(α-BPW9O34)2]10-相互作用形成三维结构.     

乙烯酮自由基(HCCO·)与氧气(O2)反应势能面的理论研究

在G2(B3LYP/MP2/CC)水平上对反应HCCO+O2进行了计算,得到了反应势能面,提出了3种可能的反应机理:(1)四元环反应机理得到产物P1(HCO+CO2);(2)三元环反应机理得到产物P2(CO+HCO2);(3)O—O键断裂反应机理得到产物P3(O+OCC(O)H)和P4(O+CO+HCO).由反应势能面推测产物P1(HCO+CO2)为主要产物,产物P2(CO+HCO2),P3(O+OCC(O)H)和P4(O+CO+HCO)为次要产物.     

Cyanide-bridged complexes based on dinuclear Cu(II)-M(II) [M = Pb and Cu] building blocks: Synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties

Four cyanide-bridged heterometallic complexes {[CuPb(L 1 )][Fe III (bpb)(CN) 2 ]} 2 ·(ClO 4 ) 2 ·2H 2 O·2CH 3 CN (1), {[CuPb(L 1 )] 2 [Fe II (CN) 6 ](H 2 O) 2 }·10H 2 O (2), {[Cu 2 (L 2 )][Fe III (bpb)(CN) 2 ] 2 }·2H 2 O·2CH 3 OH (3) and {[Cu 2 (L 2 )] 3 [Fe III (CN) 6 ] 2 (H 2 O) 2 }·10H 2 O (4) have been synthesized by treating K[Fe III (bpb)(CN) 2 ] [bpb 2-=1,2-bis(pyridine-2-carboxamido)benzenate] and K 3 [Fe III (CN)] 6 with dinuclear compartmental macrocyclic Schiff-base complexes [CuPb(L 1 )] (ClO 4 ) 2 or [Cu 2 (L 2 )]·(ClO 4 ) 2 , in which H 2 L 1 was derived from 2,6-diformyl-4-methyl-phenol, ethylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine in the molar ratio of 2:1:1 and H 2 L 2 from 2,6-diformyl-4-methyl-phenol and propylenediamine in the molar ratio of 1:1. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 displays a cyclic hexanuclear heterotrimetallic molecular structure with alternating [FeⅢ (bpb)(CN) 2 ]- and [CuPb(L 1 )] 2+ units. Complex 2 is of a neutral dumb-bell-type pentanuclear molecular configuration consisting of one [Fe(CN)6] 4- anion sandwiched in two [CuPu(L 1 )] 2+ cations, and the pentanuclear moieties are further connected by the hydrogen bonding to give a 2D supramolecular framework. Heterobimetallic complex 3 is a tetranuclear molecule composed of a centrosymmetric [Cu 2 (L2)] 2+ segment and two terminal cyanide-containing blocks [FeⅢ (bpb)(CN)2 ]- . Octanuclear compound 4 is built from two [Fe(CN)6]3- anions sandwiched in the three [Cu 2 L 2 ] 2+ cations. Investigation of their magnetic properties reveals the overall antiferromagnetic behavior in the series of complexes except 2.     

卤化银和氨及硫代硫酸根的反应

一定温度下,平衡常数K值表示反应按书写方向进行的程度.K>>1,如H2+Cl2=2HCl ,K≈1033(298 K)表明生成HCl的反应非常完全;K<<1,如AgI+2NH3·H2O=Ag(NH3)+2+I-+2H2O, K≈10-9(298K)表明AgI不可能显著溶于氨水;K≈1,如高温下CO+H2O=CO2+H2 .     

Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Electrochemical Properties of Two Molybdophosphates

Two molybdophosphate compounds,[Ni(bim)3]2[H2P2Mo5O23]·2H2O 1 and [Zn(bpy)2]2[Zn(bpy)(H2O)]2Zn[Mo6O12(OH)3(HPO4)4]2·9H2O 2 (bim = 2,2'-biimidazole,bpy = 2,2'-dipyridyl),have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analysis,TG,and IR. The single-crystal X-ray analysis exhibits that 1 consists of one [H2P2Mo5O23]4-,two [Ni(bim)3]2+ cations and two lattice water molecules,while 2 is constructed from one sandwich-type [ZnP4Mo6] anion modified by four Zn-bpy complexes and nine lattice water molecules. The electrochemical behaviors of compounds 1 and 2 have been studied in detail based on solid bulk modified carbon paste electrodes of compound (CPEs).     

Photochemical synthesis of H2O2 from the H2O...O(3P) van der Waals complex: experimental observations in solid krypton and theoretical modeling

Productive photochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide, H(2)O(2), from the H(2)O...O((3)P) van der Waals complex is studied in solid krypton. Experimentally, we achieve the three-step formation of H(2)O(2) from H(2)O and N(2)O precursors frozen in solid krypton. First, 193 nm photolysis of N(2)O yields oxygen atoms in solid krypton. Upon annealing at approximately 25 K, mobile oxygen atoms react with water forming the H(2)O...O complex, where the oxygen atom is in the triplet ground state. Finally, the H(2)O...O complex is converted to H(2)O(2) by irradiation at 300 nm. According to the complete active space self-consistent field modeling, hydrogen peroxide can be formed through the photoexcited H(2)O+-O- charge-transfer state of the H(2)O...O complex, which agrees with the experimental evidence.     

Direct formation of hydrogen peroxide from H2/O2 using a gold catalyst

Supported Au catalysts are very selective for the direct formation of hydrogen peroxide from H2/O2 mixtures at 2 degrees C; the rate of H2O2 synthesis is markedly increased if Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles are generated by the addition of Pd.     

3-氨基-4-硝基呋咱和3,3’-二硝基-4,4’-偶氮呋咱的合成研究

3-氨基-4-硝基呋咱(ANF)及其衍生物是一类重要的含能材料. ANF的制备首先以乙二醛、盐酸羟胺和氢氧化钠为原料, 经过两步反应制得3,4-二氨基呋咱(DAF), 采用新的氧化体系过氧化氢/甲烷磺酸/钨酸钠混合物(H2O2/CH3SO3H/ Na2WO4)代替原氧化体系过氧化氢/硫酸/过硫酸铵混合物[H2O2/H2SO4/(NH4)2S2O8]氧化DAF以67%的产率获得了ANF. 然后在单电子氧化体系高锰酸钾/盐酸混合物作用下ANF发生氧化反应以54.7%的产率得到3,3’-二硝基- 4,4’-偶氮呋咱(DNAzF). 研究表明过氧化氢/甲烷磺酸/钨酸钠混合物是制备氨基硝基单/多呋咱非常有效的氧化体系.     

Hydrogen peroxide synthesis: an outlook beyond the anthraquinone process

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely used in almost all industrial areas, particularly in the chemical industry and environmental protection. The only degradation product of its use is water, and thus it has played a large role in environmentally friendly methods in the chemical industry. Hydrogen peroxide is produced on an industrial scale by the anthraquinone oxidation (AO) process. However, this process can hardly be considered a green method. It involves the sequential hydrogenation and oxidation of an alkylanthraquinone precursor dissolved in a mixture of organic solvents followed by liquid-liquid extraction to recover H2O2. The AO process is a multistep method that requires significant energy input and generates waste, which has a negative effect on its sustainability and production costs. The transport, storage, and handling of bulk H2O2 involve hazards and escalating expenses. Thus, novel, cleaner methods for the production of H2O2 are being explored. The direct synthesis of H2O2 from O2 and H2 using a variety of catalysts, and the factors influencing the formation and decomposition of H2O2 are examined in detail in this Review.     

Patterns of protein synthesis in a growth delay mutant (nuv) of Escherichia coli after treatment by near-UV radiation or hydrogen peroxide

When Escherichia coli cells are stressed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), synthesis of a large number of proteins is repressed, while several other proteins are induced. Since there is evidence that some lethal effects of near-UV (NUV) radiation may be directly or indirectly due to hydrogen peroxide generated by NUV light, treatment of cells with NUV radiation or H2O2 might be expected to repress and induce the same set of proteins. In this study, we compared the effects of H2O2 and NUV irradiation on patterns of protein induction and/or repression which were separate from the 4-thiouridine-dependent response using growth delay mutants (nuv). Concentrating initially on the proteins that ceased synthesis following NUV irradiation in an nuv mutant, we observed that these were not the same as those that ceased synthesis following H2O2 treatment. Inspection of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis proteins indicated that NUV irradiation repressed synthesis of a different set of proteins, although there was some overlap between the two (45%). It was also observed that the new proteins which appeared after each of the two treatments were different. This suggests that the induction and/or repression of new proteins following NUV irradiation is not triggered solely via oxidative stress, although there is some overlap between the proteins that are induced or repressed following the two treatments.     

Haloperoxidase activity of oxovanadium(V) thiobisphenolates

By employing the 2,2'-thiobis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenolate) ligand ((S)L(2-)) a novel oxovanadium(V) complex, (PPh(4))(2)[(S)LV(O)(μ(2)-O)(2)V(O)(S)L] (1), was synthesised that exhibits haloperoxidase activity: on addition of H(2)O(2) a sequence of successive peroxide formation and intramolecular thioether oxidation events (sulfoxide and sulfone) led to a mixture of five products, which were all identified unambiguously, partly through an independent synthesis and characterisation. It was shown that internal thioether oxidation proceeds through peroxide formation, but the sulfoxidation of external thioether functions requires further activation of the peroxide function by protons or alkyl cations. Consistently, the employment of tBuOOH instead of H(2)O(2) led to a very active system for the catalytic sulfoxidation of thioethers.     

过氧化氢生产工艺进展

生产过氧化氢通常有电解法、蒽醌法、异丙醇法以及氧阴极还原法等.目前全世界总产量的95%以及国内总产量的99%的过氧化氢都是采用蒽醌法生产的.在更先进的生产过氧化氢的技术出现之前,蒽醌法仍将是今后一段时期生产过氧化氢最普遍的一种方法.蒽醌加氢工艺有固定床和浆态床两种,国内仍采用较为落后的固定床工艺,而国外基本都采用浆态床工艺.固定床存在床层温升大、易偏流、有局部热点等缺陷,易导致蒽醌过度加氢,降解物种类和数量增多,降低了催化剂稳定性,限制了加氢单元的氢效,生产装置难以大型化.而浆态床工艺具有传质传热好、温度和气液固三相分布均匀等优势,是过氧化氢生产技术的发展趋势.浆态床反应器对催化剂的选择性具有更高的要求.因此,浆态床加氢技术的研发核心是开发兼有耐磨性和高选择性的微球催化剂.中国石化自主开发了具有高活性、高选择性和良好稳定性的蒽醌加氢微球催化剂,并对其活性和选择性进行了寿命试验和中试评价.中试结束后结粒度分布基本保持不变;载体水热稳定性好,使用过程结构没有发生明显变化.证明该催化剂机械强度高、耐磨性能好,能够满足浆态床使用要求.在新生产工艺中采用自主开发的新型浆态床反应器,具有优异的传质、传热效率;催化剂粒径小,完全克服了固定床反应器在规模稍大时存在的偏流、沟流、触媒板结等缺点,氢化效率可长期稳定在11 g/L以上;副反应少,氢化降解物大幅度减少,极大地减轻后续降解物再生负担.在实际工业生产中,蒽醌加氢选择性无法实现100%,因此工作液中难以避免生成降解物,通常采用白土再生手段,使其再转变为蒽醌.但再生剂更换频繁,大大增加了生产成本,同时损失被物理吸附上去的昂贵的蒽醌.因此,十分有必要对蒽醌加氢的降解物种类进行定性识别并研究其再生机理,并在此基础上开发兼有长寿命和高活性的蒽醌降解物再生催化剂.中国石化采用GC-MS对乙基蒽醌和戊基蒽醌多种降解物进行比较全面的定性和定量研究,通过分析蒽醌工作液组成准确推测工作液再生效果,便于及时调整双氧水生产工艺工艺流程和优化参数;并自主开发高性能的蒽醌加氢降解物再生催化剂,可替代现有效率低下的白土床,显著提高装置经济性.为有效解决蒽醌法生产中氧化废气的排放问题,中国石化发明一种无尾气排放、无需溶剂回收、氧含量可控、可减少氧化残液量的蒽醌法生产过氧化氢的氧化方法,从源头上解决蒽醌法生产双氧水装置的最大环保问题,它的应用将使蒽醌法生产双氧水装置朝着绿色环保迈出一大步.目前蒽醌法生产H2O2虽然具有技术成熟、单程产率高、安全性高等优点,依旧存在投资高、工艺流程复杂,以及大量使用有机溶剂带来的产品污染、环境污染问题.与其相比,H2和O2直接合成H2O2(以下称为DSHP)技术的原子经济性高,并且污染少、环境友好.但由于反应过程中H2和O2直接接触,DSHP工艺存在一定的安全隐患.在反应过程中需要充入大量惰性气体稀释并循环,导致DSHP工艺效率低,操作及控制难度大.该反应所使用的Pd基催化剂,既有利于H2O2的生成,也利于三个副反应的发生:H2O的生成、H2O2的后续加氢及分解,导致产品选择性和产率较低.加入酸和卤素等稳定剂虽然可以显著提高产率,但存在设备腐蚀、催化剂活性组分流失等问题,严重影响催化剂的使用寿命.中国石化目前已经开始布局研发DSHP技术,在提高H2/O2反应的本质安全性、研发H2O2精准合成的催化材料和提高H2O2产能等方面做了大量的研究.可以预见,通过理论研究、实验设计和工程开发相结合,在不远的未来能够实现DHSP技术的工业应用.目前国内双氧水几乎全部采用蒽醌法生产.虽然蒽醌法工艺已很成熟,但在多个技术环节,特别是蒽醌加氢催化剂、工作液体系、加氢反应器和环保等方面,存在非常大改进提升的空间.这些问题是实现装置大型化必须解决的.中国石化在这几个方面都自主开发了创新技术,形成了国内全新的拥有自主知识产权的生产过氧化氢的成套技术.作为最直接、最环保、最经济的生产过氧化氢的方法,氢氧直接合成技术与化工反应过程耦合,是未来过氧化氢生产和应用的发展方向,中国石化也已经开始在此方面进行研究和布局.     

A FRET-based approach to ratiometric fluorescence detection of hydrogen peroxide

We report the synthesis, properties, and biological applications of Ratio-Peroxyfluor-1 (RPF1), a new ratiometric fluorescent reporter for hydrogen peroxide. RPF1 is comprised of a two-fluorophore cassette, where the spectral overlap between coumarin donor and fluoran/fluorescein acceptor partners can be controlled by the chemoselective peroxide-mediated deprotection of boronic ester pendants on the acceptor dye. RPF1 features good selectivity for hydrogen peroxide over a variety of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide and nitric oxide, a ca. 8-fold increase in fluorescence intensity ratio (lambda517/lambda464) upon H2O2 reaction, and excitation and emission profiles in the visible region. Experiments with viable yeast mitochondria show that RPF1 can monitor and quantify endogenous production of H2O2, establishing the potential utility of this approach for probing peroxide biology in living systems.     

Dawson型磷钨钼杂多酸的制备及其对H2O2氧化环己酮制己二酸的催化

采用水热法制备了新型H6P2W9Mo9O62.24H2O催化剂,并用UV-Vis、FT-IR和TG-DTA等测试技术对催化剂进行了表征。以微波促进30%过氧化氢氧化环己酮制备己二酸合成反应为探针,考察了催化剂的催化性能。通过正交实验探讨了几种因素对反应的影响,确定了优化工艺条件为:n(环己酮)∶n(过氧化氢)∶n(草酸)∶n(催化剂)=100∶400∶1.25∶0.25,反应温度100℃,微波辐射功率400 W,反应时间3.5 h,己二酸产品的收率达87.33%,纯度可达99.7%。反应结束后,将反应后含催化剂的溶液浓缩至一定浓度,催化产率降低,重复使用5次收率降低为45.89%。     

氨基呋咱氧化为氨基硝基呋咱的合成研究

研究开发了将氨基呋咱转化为氨基硝基呋咱新的高收率氧化方法. 采用甲烷磺酸为介质, 以过氧化氢、碱或碱土金属和胺为基的氧化物(如钨酸钠或过硫酸铵)混合物的新氧化体系[H2O2/CH3SO3H/Na2WO4或(NH4)2S2O8]代替以硫酸为介质的过氧化氢和过硫酸铵混合物氧化体系, 分别对3,4-二氨基呋咱(DAF)、3,3’-二氨基-4,4’-氧化偶氮呋咱(DAAF)和3,3’-二氨基-4,4’-偶氮呋咱(DAAzF)进行氧化, 以高于65%的产率获得了3-氨基-4-硝基呋咱(ANF)和3-氨基-3’-硝 基-4,4’-氧化偶氮呋咱(ANAF), 并以15%的收率合成得到新化合物3-氨基-3’-硝基-4,4’-偶氮呋咱(ANAzF). 研究表明甲烷磺酸/过氧化氢/碱或碱土金属和胺为基的氧化物混合物是制备同时含有氨基和硝基基团的系列呋咱化合物非常有效的氧化体系.