氟改性对纳米 HZSM-5 分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯的影响

 在比较了纳米和微米 HZSM-5 分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯反应性能的基础上, 对纳米 HZSM-5 分子筛进行了氟改性. 利用透射电镜、N2 吸附、X 射线衍射、氨程序升温脱附和吡啶吸附-红外光谱技术对改性前后的样品进行了表征, 并在常压、500 oC 和甲醇空速 (WHSV) 为 1.0 h–1 的反应条件下, 在连续流动固定床微型反应器上考察了其催化甲醇制丙烯的性能. 结果表明, 当氟含量<10% 时, 随氟含量的增加, 改性纳米 HZSM-5 分子筛的酸量减少, 酸强度降低, 从而使丙烯选择性和催化剂稳定性不断提高. 但过量 (15%) 氟的改性使纳米 HZSM-5 分子筛的酸量、比表面积和孔容均明显减小, 致使其稳定性反而降低. 在适量 (10%) 氟改性的纳米 HZSM-5 分子筛上, 丙烯选择性和维持甲醇完全转化的反应时间分别由原来的 30.1% 和 75 h 增加到 46.7% 和 145 h.     

热处理对HZSM-5结构、酸性及催化乙醇脱水反应性能的影响

对商用HZSM-5分子筛进行高温热处理,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、核磁共振波谱法(²⁷Al-MAS NMR)低温氮吸附、电感耦和等离子体放射光谱(ICP-AES)、氨-程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和吡啶吸附傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱等技术对高温热处理改性前后样品进行了表征,并考察了高温热处理对分子筛的结构、酸性及催化乙醇脱水制乙烯反应性能的影响。结果表明,热处理改性后的HZSM-5分子筛发生骨架脱铝,B酸减少,L酸增多,孔容增大,出现新的介孔;适中的酸性位和复合型的介-微双孔道结构使其减少了反应中的副反应,乙烯的选择性得到提高,催化剂寿命显著提高。     

氧化镁改性对纳米HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Mg含量(0-8%,w)的改性纳米HZSM-5分子筛.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、铝固体魔角旋转核磁共振(27AlMASNMR)、N2吸附/脱附、氨-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和吡啶吸附傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱等技术对改性前后样品的结构和酸性进行了详细表征;并在常压、500℃和甲醇空速(WHSV)为1.0h-1的反应条件下,在连续流动固定床反应器上考察了其对甲醇制丙烯反应的催化性能.结果表明,随着Mg含量的增加,丙烯和丁烯的选择性逐渐增大,而甲烷、乙烯和芳烃的选择性逐渐降低.催化剂的稳定性先随Mg含量的增加而增加,当Mg含量为2%时达到最大,之后又随Mg含量的增加而降低.MgO改性对纳米HZSM-5分子筛催化性能的影响主要是由其酸性和织构性能的改变而引起的.     

镁改性对HZSM-5分子筛催化乙烯制丙烯的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同Mg含量(0–1.0%)的HZSM-5分子筛。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附/脱附、铝魔角旋转固体核磁共振(~(27)AlMASNMR)、~(29)SiMASNMR、氨-程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)和吡啶吸附傅里叶变换红外(Pyridine-IR)光谱等技术对改性前后样品的结构和酸性进行了详细表征,在常压连续流动固定床反应器上考察其对乙烯转化制丙烯(ETP)反应的催化性能,评价了反应条件和Mg改性的影响。结果表明,在温度为550°C、乙烯体积空速GHSV=3000 h~(-1)的适宜反应条件下,0.5%适量镁改性HZSM-5导致乙烯转化率有所下降,但丙烯选择性增加到45%以上,而副产物芳烃的选择性降到8%以下。反应前样品的酸性表征和反应后积碳样品的TPO及~(13)CCP/MASNMR谱图分析表明适量镁改性使HZSM-5分子筛的总酸量和强B酸量减少而中强酸量增加,从而提高了丙烯的选择性,但是过量的镁改性使分子筛的总酸量明显减少,导致催化剂的活性显著下降。     

硼和氟掺杂ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其甲醇制丙烯反应性能（英文）

采用两步水热晶化法,通过在合成体系中加入硼酸、氟化铵、氟硼酸铵,合成出了硼和氟改性的ZSM-5分子筛。利用X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附、~(29)Si固体核磁共振波谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜以及NH3程序升温脱附等测试手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明:硼和氟掺杂条件下可以合成具有较高结晶度的ZSM-5分子筛,杂原子掺杂提高了分子筛的硅铝比;硼和氟掺杂可以显著降低ZSM-5分子筛的Lewis酸量,但提高了Br?nsted酸量;硼和氟共同作用可以降低ZSM-5分子筛的颗粒尺寸。甲醇制丙烯评价结果显示:较低的Lewis酸量和适宜的Br?nsted酸性有利于提高丙烯选择性和催化剂寿命;NH_4BF_4改性的ZSM-5分子筛(Z5-BF2)表现出较高的丙烯选择性和较长的催化剂寿命。     

纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯

在合成系列硅铝比纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛的基础上,研究了纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯(MTP)的反应性能.在固定床微反装置上详细考察了工艺条件对纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化性能的影响,同时与纳米HZSM-5分子筛对MTP反应的催化性能进行了比较.结果表明,纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛具有较高的目的产物选择性和较长的催化寿命.在适宜硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=213)和反应条件下(温度470°C,甲醇质量空速为3 h-1),丙烯的选择性达到46.7%,三烯(乙烯、丙烯和C4烯烃)选择性达到78.7%.其中,丙烯/乙烯的质量比可达到6.5,是纳米HZSM-5分子筛的2倍,而芳烃的选择性比纳米分子筛明显降低.这是因为纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛比纳米HZSM-5分子筛具有较宽的(010)晶面、较大的外比表面积和介孔孔容.     

磷改性HZSM-5分子筛的制备及其在合成气一步法制二甲醚反应中的应用

 以磷酸为前驱体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同P2O5含量(分别为5%, 10%和15%)的磷改性HZSM-5分子筛(P2O5/HZSM-5), 并采用氨程序升温脱附和吡啶吸附红外光谱法研究了其酸性. 结果表明,随着P2O5含量的增大, P2O5/HZSM-5样品的酸量尤其是强Brnsted酸位的酸量逐渐减少. 以上述P2O5/HZSM-5分子筛为甲醇脱水催化剂与工业甲醇合成催化剂(Cu-ZnO-Al2O3)组成双功能催化剂,在连续流动加压固定床反应器上考察了其对合成气一步法制二甲醚反应的催化性能. 结果表明,以适量磷(10%P2O5)改性的HZSM-5分子筛作为甲醇脱水催化剂,可使产物中二氧化碳和烃类副产物的选择性分别由改性前的43.3%和3.0%下降至低于33%和0.1%, 从而使二甲醚的选择性由49.7%提高到63%以上. 当P2O5/HZSM-5中的磷含量(15%P2O5)过高时,产物中甲醇的选择性高达30%以上,表明反应所生成的中间产物甲醇无法有效地转化,从而使二甲醚的选择性和一氧化碳的转化率均大大降低.     

晶粒大小对ZSM-5分子筛甲醇制低碳烯烃催化性能的影响

对三种HZSM-5分子筛进行Ca改性,获得两组酸性接近的催化剂,考察了晶粒大小对甲醇制低碳烯烃(MTO)反应的影响。通过进一步与Na改性的比较,探讨了Ca在催化反应中的作用。采用扫描电镜(SEM)测定晶粒大小及形貌,氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)及吡啶红外吸附(Py-IR)表征催化剂的酸性。MTO催化性能测定结果表明,HZSM-5的低碳烯烃选择性较低且下降较快,催化活性降低也快;Ca改性降低酸性,提高了低碳烯烃选择性和催化稳定性;晶粒大小主要影响催化稳定性,小晶粒分子筛催化剂稳定性更好。高Ca含量改性效果更好;钠改性也提高了低碳烯烃选择性,但其稳定性较差。对于HZSM-5和Ca/HZSM-5,小晶粒的催化剂具有较好的催化稳定性。提出Ca参与了催化反应,MTO是一个酸碱协同作用的催化过程。     

低温水热处理对HZSM-5沸石结构和催化性能的影响

用XRD,IR,XPS,程序升温脱附(TPD)、低温氮吸附、TG积炭反应和常压脉冲与连续流动微反色谱装置研究了低温(573～823K)水热处理 HZSM-5沸石的结构和表面性质的变化,考察了沸石催化剂活性和稳定性的变化规律。结果表明,经低温水热处理后,HZSM-5沸石的结构没有大的改变,XPS结果表明在723K出现脱铝作用,在773K以上晶胞体积略有收缩,但未出现晶体对称性变化,NH_3-TPD和IR数据表明随水热处理温度提高,表面总酸减少,强酸中心呈线性下降,水热处理使表面B酸中心数大幅度减少,正己烷、庚烯和甲醇的转化反应表明673K处理的沸石具有最高催化活性,产物中芳烃和C_(5+)脂肪烃选择性均呈现最大值和最小值,沸石催化活性增大现象出现在沸石脱铝作用之前,此时表面B,L酸中心数接近相等,高于673K处理使催化剂稳定性显著增加。     

高温水蒸气处理对ZnHZSM-5活性中心的影响

应用X-射线衍射、能谱表面分析和吡啶吸附红外光谱研究了高温水蒸气处理对HZSM-5和ZnHZSM-5催化剂的影响，并以丙烷芳构化作为探针反应考查了催化活性中心的变化．高温水蒸气处理对分子筛的结晶度影响不大，但水蒸气处理使得分子筛骨架铝脱出，脱出的铝在表面富集，分子筛锌交换位的骨架铝脱出较难，脱铝导致分子筛的酸性减弱．高温水蒸气处理后的HZSM-5和ZnHZSM-5催化剂的丙烷反应活性都降低，在ZnHZSM－5上丙烯的选择性增加，反映了具有脱氢活性的锌的强L酸中心数目相对B酸中心减少较少，进一步说明了处于离子交换位的锌离子对骨架铝有保护作用     

甲醇脱水合成二甲醚的 Al2O3-HZSM-5 组合固体酸催化剂

 制备了可用于固定床反应器中甲醇脱水制备二甲醚的 Al2O3-HZSM-5 组合固体酸催化剂系列, 并采用 X射线衍射、扫描电镜、N2 物理吸附和氨气程序升温脱附等对其进行了表征. 结果表明, 在浸渍法制备的组合 Al2O3-HZSM-5 催化剂中, 细小的氧化铝颗粒高度分散在 HZSM-5 分子筛的周围; 在化学沉淀法制备的组合 Al2O3-HZSM-5 催化剂中, 一层氧化铝膜覆盖在 HZSM-5 分子筛的颗粒外层. 所制备的催化剂都具有较多的大孔和介孔比表面积, 在低温 (235 oC) 和高空速 (30 h–1) 条件下具有较高的甲醇脱水反应活性和稳定性, 其中在化学沉淀法制备的组合 Al2O3-HZSM-5 催化剂上, 二甲醚产率达到 13.5 g/(g•h).     

Dynamic desorption of CO2 and CH4 from amino-MIL-53(Al) adsorbent

Dynamic adsorption–desorption measurements of CO₂ and CH₄ in amino-MIL-53(Al) were carried out in an adsorption breakthrough setup at different temperatures (303, 318, and 333 K) and pressures (1, 5, and 30 bar) to study the desorption dynamics of CO₂ in amino-MIL(Al) as it plays an important role in the design of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process for the upgrading of biogas. 13X zeolite was used as a reference material. The dynamic adsorption selectivity as well as the desorption efficiency of CO₂ in both amino-MIL-53(Al) and 13X zeolite were calculated to evaluate the potential of amino-MIL-53(Al) for the upgrading of biogas by PSA process.     

The growth of silver on an ordered alumina surface

The growth of Ag on an ordered Al2O3 surface was studied by low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Three-dimensional (3D) growth of Ag clusters was observed with STM and LEIS, with the cluster size increasing with Ag coverage. The XPS core level binding energies and the Auger parameters indicate a weak interaction between the Ag clusters and the Al2O3 support. Final state effects are determined to be the primary contribution to the Ag core level binding energy shift. Nonzero order kinetics was observed for Ag desorption in TPD with the Ag sublimation energy decreasing with decreasing cluster size.     

XPS and TDS study of CO interaction with Pd–AlOx systems

The metal–substrate and metal–metal interactions (MSI, MMI) represent important effects determining the properties of supported catalysts, gas sensors and gettering alloys. We investigated the MSI and MMI effects by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) in the case of Pd films deposited on Al₂O₃ and Al substrates. The study shows that the particle-size dependent metal–substrate interaction plays an important role in CO–Pd chemisorption, namely, in the case of “aluminium rich” Pd–aluminium oxide interface. CO chemisorption exhibits a low-temperature desorption feature at 360 K characteristic for Pd–Al and very small Pd particles. The MSI is explained by the formation of a Pd–Al intermetallic interface exhibiting a strong bimetallic Pd–Al interaction.     

甘油脱水合成丙烯醛ZSM-5催化剂的孔结构和酸性调控

Pore structure and acidity of ZSM-5 catalysts were successfully regulated by alkali treatment. ZSM- 5 was etched in 0.2 mol·L- 1 NaOH solution at 65 and 85 ℃. Micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 catalysts were successfully prepared with a high density of acidic sites. The activity and stability were significantly enhanced with alkali-treated ZSM-5, giving a conversion of glycerol above 95%, with selectivity for acrolein of 78% after 10 h compared with a ZSM-5-at85 (alkali-treated at 85 ℃) catalyst. Characterization of N₂ adsorption and desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ²⁷Al mass atomic spectroscopy-nuclear magnetic resonance (²⁷Al MAS-NMR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to interpret the morphology and surface properties. The results reveal that the Si in the framework of ZSM-5 was leached out by alkali treatment, and many mesopores were formed on the ZSM-5 surface. However, the MFI topology did not change and Al was mainly integrated within the framework. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and NH₃-temperature-programed desorption (NH₃-TPD) experiments demonstrated that the molar ratio of Si/ Al on the external surface was lower than that in the framework, indicating that more Si on the external surface of ZSM-5 was leached by alkali treatment, while the acidic density increased because of the lower molar ratio of Si/Al near newly formed mesopores. ZSM-5 catalysts with mesopores and higher acidic density enhance reactant diffusion and coking tolerance, which improves the activity and stability during glycerol dehydration.     

表面酸性对Ni/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂催化1,4-丁炔二醇高压加氢性能的影响

通过浸渍法分别在Al(OH)_3和Al_2O_3中引入SiO_2,经焙烧后制备具有不同表面酸性质的SiO_2-Al_2O_3载体,以上述SiO_2-Al_2O_3及Al_2O_3为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备Ni负载量为15%的Ni/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂(分别为Ni/SA-1和Ni/SA-2)与Ni/Al_2O_3.采用N2物理吸附、Py-FTIR、NH3-TPD、XRD、H2-TPR和H2-TPD手段对催化剂进行表征,考察了表面酸性质对催化剂催化1,4-丁炔二醇高压加氢性能的影响.结果表明,SiO_2引入方式会影响Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂表面酸性质及活性组分Ni在载体表面的分散行为.在Al(OH)3中引入SiO_2时,Ni/SA-1催化剂不仅活性组分具有高分散度,而且表面具有丰富的L酸位点,L酸位点与Ni活性中心协同作用有效提高了催化剂的高压加氢性能.而在Al_2O_3中直接引入SiO_2时,SiO_2覆盖了Al_2O_3表面的L酸位点,催化剂活性组分分散度较低,表现出低的加氢活性.     

Estimation of the desorption energy of dichloromethane and water in MIL-53 by DSC and ab-initio calculations

Desorption energies of dichloromethane(CH_2Cl_2) and water(H_2O) in a metal-organic framework, MIL-53(Al), were investigated by the combination of experimental(differential scanning calorimeter, DSC) and computational(ab-initio calculations) methods. The differences of desorption energy and natural log of the frequency factor of CH_2Cl_2 and H_2O in MIL-53(Al) were analyzed by a thermo active process using DSC measurements. The interaction energy of guest molecules with MIL-53(Al), which corresponds to the desorption in the thermal active process, was explored using ab-initio calculation. As a result of the difference in the interaction energies of H_2O and CH_2Cl_2 in MIL-53(Al), the site near the μ_2-OH groups has two potential wells. Both experimentally and computationally, MIL-53 presents the preferential adsorption of CH_2Cl_2 than H_2O.     

Influence of mesoporosity on the sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid onto alumina and silica

Two SiO2 and three Al2O3 adsorbents with varying degrees of mesoporosity (pore diameter 2-50 nm) were reacted with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at pH 6 to investigate the effects of intraparticle mesopores on adsorption/desorption. Anionic 2,4-D did not adsorb onto either SiO2 solid, presumably because of electrostatic repulsion, but it did adsorb onto positively charged Al2O3 adsorbents, resulting in concave isotherms. The Al2O3 adsorbent of highest mesoporosity consistently adsorbed more 2,4-D per unit surface area than did the nonporous and less mesoporous Al2O3 adsorbents over a range of initial 2,4-D solution concentrations (0.025-2.5 mM) and reaction times (30 min-55 d). Differences in adsorption efficiency were observed despite equivalent surface site densities on the three Al2O3 adsorbents. Hysteresis between the adsorption/desorption isotherms was not observed, indicating that adsorption is reversible. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy studies confirm that 2,4-D adsorption does not occur via ligand exchange, but rather via electrostatic interaction. The results indicate that adsorbent intraparticle mesopores can result in consistently greater 2,4-D adsorption, but the amount adsorbed is dependent upon surface charge and the presence of adsorbent mesoporosity. The data also suggest that when mineral pores are significantly larger than the adsorbate, they do not contribute to diffusion-limited adsorption/desorption hysteresis. Adsorbent transformations through time are discussed.