聚合物控制CuO纳米盘的液相生长

表面活性剂聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的控制下,在温和的低温水溶液中,高产率的CuO纳米盘被合成。粉未衍射（XRD）,扫描电镜（SEM）,高分辨透射电子显微（HRTEM）对产物的形貌结构进行表征。研究了不同反应条件如温度、PAM浓度等对产物形貌与尺寸的影响。结果表明,CuO纳米盘为单晶结构,沿着（002）和（110）面生长。PAM对纳米盘的形成起到关键作用。典型的聚合物-晶体作用生长机理用来解释CuO纳米盘的形成。聚合物诱引晶体生长与调控纳米晶自组装将提供了一条有效的路径来合成具有复杂形貌与特殊结构的无机和无机-有机杂化材料。     

室温固相化学反应法合成Cd(OH)2纳米棒

在表面活性剂聚乙二醇(PEG)存在下,利用Cd(Ac)2·2H2O,CdCl2·2.5H2O,3CdSO4·8H2O和CdCO3分别与NaOH在室温下进行固相化学反应,合成了一系列的Cd(OH)2纳米棒,并利用XRD,TEM和SEM对其结构和形貌进行了表征.实验结果表明,表面活性剂PEG在Cd(OH)2纳米棒的形成过程中充当软模板,对产物形貌的控制起到决定作用.利用这种表面活性剂辅助的软模板固相化学反应法合成一维纳米材料,具有简便易行、反应条件温和以及能耗低等优点.     

配位-均匀沉淀法合成Cd（OH）2和CdO纳米带

以硝酸镉为前驱物、氨水(25-28 wt%)为沉淀剂,在无模板的条件下,采用配位-均匀沉淀法成功地合成了Cd(OH)2纳米带。将Cd(OH)2纳米带在350℃下煅烧4 h得到形貌相似的CdO半导体纳米材料。X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子衍射(SAED)等测试结果表明,所制备的Cd(OH)2纳米带是由尺寸约25 nm的Cd(OH)2纳米粒子组成,其宽度为100-200 nm、长度达1.5 um、厚度约为30 nm;Cd(OH)2为六方晶系结构;CdO纳米带由更小的CdO纳米粒子组成,CdO为面心立方晶型。本文还初步探讨了Cd(OH)2纳米带的形成过程。     

新型无机聚合物的设计合成、结构规律与性能研究*

本文以新型无机聚合物的合理合成和物理性能研究为主线, 总结3个系列具有新颖结构聚合物的组装与结构化学规律: (1)通过化学自组装法设计合成出系列金属-有机纳米笼、金属-有机纳米管和金属-有机纳米线.研究了合成金属-有机纳米分子的规律,开辟了一条合成金属-有机纳米分子的新途经.(2)通过结构调控、金属与桥联基元作用,把团簇单元活化后合成一维新型无机聚合物.在研究反应机理过程中分离和表征了大量的中间态产物,从而得到了这类聚合物合理合成的规律.(3)设计合成出二维层状(石墨型)、三维大孔(分子筛型)、金属聚硫及稀土与过渡金属混合4个系列新型的无机聚合物,总结了它们的结构规律和反应规律.在制备合成中既有结构单元自组装的反应又有设计合成的方法.通过系列化合物的结构表征和光、电或磁性能的研究, 探索出系列聚合物具有半导体性能和非线性光学性能,总结出聚合物的结构规律与基本结构单元组装的关系以及结构与性能的关系.     

具有可控分散性的不同粒径氨基酸双功能化介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒

通过表面活性剂,共结构导向剂（CSDAs）和硅源的自组装合成了具有分散性的不同粒径氨基酸双功能化介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒. 通过表面活性剂头部与带相反电荷的CSDAs之间的静电相互作用使氨基和羧基基团均匀排列在介孔孔道表面. 通过调节助溶剂或分散剂的加入量来控制颗粒粒径,调节合成溶液pH改变纳米颗粒表面羧基和氨基基团的电荷切换性及其量来控制颗粒的分散性.     

水玻璃为原料在开放体系中快速合成介孔材料MCM-41

自从 M41 S系列硅基介孔分子筛被人工合成以来[1,2 ] ,有关分子筛的合成、性能、形成机理、结构和应用等方面的研究报道不断出现[3～ 5] .目前 ,由有机 -无机离子经分子水平的自组装结合而产生介孔材料的合成机理主要归结于在合成过程中表面活性剂的模板效应 ,如液晶模板机理[1,2 ] 、棒状自组装模型[6 ] 、电荷匹配机理[7] 、层状折皱模型[8] 和使用非离子表面活性剂合成介孔材料等效应[9] .本文以水玻璃作为硅源 ,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)阳离子表面活性剂为模板剂 ,在温和条件下 ,采用开放体系合成出具有 MCM-4 1结构特点的介…     

反胶束模板制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/无机纳米粒子/石墨纳米复合材料及其表征

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和三氯甲烷(CHCl₃)为油相制备反胶束微乳液, 依靠表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)自组装形成的“微反应器”作为模板成功地制备了PMMA/Eu(OH)₃/EG和PMMA/Ni(OH)₂/EG纳米复合材料. 并用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和差热-热重(TG-DTA)对该复合材料进行了表征和分析. 研究结果表明, 反胶束法可以有效地应用于有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备.     

L-脯氨酸协助合成β-氢氧化镍和氧化镍花球及纳米三角片(英文)

以NH3·H2O和NaOH作为沉淀剂,通过水热方法在180℃,L-脯氨酸作用下,分别合成出了β-Ni(OH)2花球和纳米三角片。XRD结果表明合成出的β-Ni(OH)2产物是六方相,透射电镜(TEM)和场发射电镜(FESEM)表明花球直径为1~2μm,它是由厚15nm,边长110nm的三角片自组装形成的。对相应的β-Ni(OH)2前驱物在350℃空气下退火2h,分别得到NiO花球和纳米三角片。     

阴离子表面活性剂辅助模板途径合成介孔结构氧化锆纳米晶

利用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为辅助模板剂, 成功地合成了高稳定性的介孔氧化锆纳米晶, 采用DSC-TG, FT-IR, XRD, TEM, UV-Vis以及N₂吸附-脱附等方法对样品进行了表征. 研究表明, 以阴离子型十二烷基磺酸钠合成的氧化锆经600 ℃煅烧后仍为纯四方相, 氧化锆晶粒平均尺寸约为6.5 nm. 阴离子型表面活性剂与有机锆源形成自组装协同作用, 合成的氧化锆具有蠕虫状介孔结构, 经过500 ℃煅烧后介孔结构仍然保持, 且由于表面活性剂的去除, 比表面积显著提高, 显示了良好的热稳定性. 本实验制备的氧化锆纳米晶较一般方法制备的市售纳米氧化锆有明显紫外吸收边蓝移现象.     

挥发诱导自组装法制备结构有序的有机-无机纳米复合材料*

挥发诱导自组装方法（EISA）可以用来模拟自然界中的有机-无机杂化材料的纳米有序结构的形成过程。这是一种新兴的、有效的合成结构有序纳米复合材料的方法,其具有快速、简便、高效的特点。本文就挥发诱导自组装方法的原理及利用该方法制备结构有序的有机-无机纳米复合材料(MSC材料)的机理、有关影响MSC材料有序结构形成的因素作了详细探讨,并对利用EISA方法制备MSC材料的研究和发展前景进行了展望。     

Controlled-growth of Zn(OH)F Microbesoms in the Mild Aqueous Solution and Their Photocatalytic Activity

Zn(OH)F microbesoms have been synthesized on a large scale by a facile solution‐based method using polymer as crystal growth modifier. The obtained products were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of modifier polyacrylamide (PAM), reaction time, concentrations of NaF on the morphology and size of the product were studied. The results revealed that the Zn(OH)F microbesom had orthorhombic structures. Experimental conditions had all influence on the shape and size of the final products, but polymer PAM played the key role in formation of the Zn(OH)F microbesom. This novel structures exhibited good UV photocatalytic abilities.     

具有光谱可调、高量子产率和稳定性的水溶性CdTe/Cd(OH)2核壳结构纳米粒子的可控水相合成

建立了一种简便的、以易得的无机盐为反应前体的水相法制备水溶性、高量子产率以及良好稳定性的CdTe/Cd(OH)2核壳结构量子点。本方法可以通过控制Cd(OH)2 壳层结构的厚度,使不同粒径量子点的荧光发射光谱由蓝绿色渐变到橙红色。利用透射电镜、X射线粉末衍射光谱、荧光光谱以及紫外可见光谱对该CdTe/Cd(OH)2核壳结构量子点进行了表征。CdTe/Cd(OH)2核壳结构量子点所具备的良好的水溶性可望应用于生物标记。本方法简便、反应条件温和并且容易操作,为无机金属化物包覆量子点提供了一种简便的途径。     

Ultrathin Hexagonal Hybrid Nanosheets Synthesized by Graphene Oxide‐Assisted Exfoliation of β‐Co(OH)2 Mesocrystals

In the present study, we report the synthesis of a high‐quality, single‐crystal hexagonal β‐Co(OH)₂ nanosheet, exhibiting a thickness down to ten atomic layers and an aspect ratio exceeding 900, by using graphene oxide (GO) as an exfoliant of β‐Co(OH)₂ nanoflowers. Unlike conventional approaches using ionic precursors in which morphological control is realized by structure‐directing molecules, the β‐Co(OH)₂ flower‐like superstructures were first grown by a nanoparticle‐mediated crystallization process, which results in large 3D superstructure consisting of ultrathin nanosheets interspaced by polydimethoxyaniline (PDMA). Thereafter, β‐Co(OH)₂ nanoflowers were chemically exfoliated by surface‐active GO under hydrothermal conditions into unilamellar single‐crystal nanosheets. In this reaction, GO acts as a two‐dimensional (2D) amphiphile to facilitate the exfoliation process through tailored interactions between organic and inorganic molecules. Meanwhile, the on‐site conjugation of GO and Co(OH)₂ promotes the thermodynamic stability of freestanding ultrathin nanosheets and restrains further growth through Oswald ripening. The unique 2D structure combined with functionalities of the hybrid ultrathin Co(OH)₂ nanosheets on rGO resulted in a remarkably enhanced lithium‐ion storage performance as anode materials, maintaining a reversible capacity of 860 mA h g^?1 for as many as 30 cycles. Since mesocrystals are ubiquitous and rich in morphological diversity, the strategy of the GO‐assisted exfoliation of mesocrystals developed here provides an opportunity for the synthesis of new functional nanostructures that could bear importance in clean renewable energy, catalysis, photoelectronics, and photonics.     

Polymer-controlled crystallization of zinc oxide hexagonal nanorings and disks

In this study, we have developed a novel route to the synthesis of ZnO nanorings, disks, and diskoidlike crystals on a large scale by a facile solution-based method by using polymers as crystal growth modifiers. The crystals precipitated with polyacrylamide (PAM) as the additive show ringlike morphology. A possible growth mechanism of the ZnO nanostructures based on typical polymer-crystals interactions in a mild aqueous solution is given. The polymer contains in the side chain a large number of amide ligands that are able to coordinate with Zn(2+) ions, that is, the otherwise just weakly exposed (001) face, leading to a lowering of surface energy and inhibition of growth along this direction and the formation of ringlike morphologies. While in the presence of carboxyl-functionalized polyacrylamide (PAM-COOH), nearly monodispersed disklike crystals were observed and finally evolved into diskoidlike microstructures with the reaction time prolonged. Polymer-directed crystal growth and mediated self-assembly of nanocrystals may provide promising routes to rational synthesis of various ordered inorganic and inorganic-organic hybrid materials with complex form and structural specialization.     

Flocculation performance of different polyacrylamide and the relation between optimal dose and critical concentration

Flocculation performance of four kinds of polyacrylamide (PAM) with different chain end group, namely, PAM, star-PAM, PGS-PAM and Al(OH)₃-PAM hybrids, in Kaolin suspensions have been investigated by Spectrophotometer. It was found that their flocculation efficiency deceases in the order: PGS-PAM > Al(OH)₃-PAM ≈ star-PAM > PAM. It was also found that the optimal dose (C_od) of the polymer flocculant in flocculation process is proportional to the critical concentration (C∗) of polymer flocculant in solution and to the suspension solid content (C_ss) in Kaolin suspensions.     

Controlled Synthesis of CdClOH Sub-nanocones by Low-temperature Solution Process and Their Transformation into CdS Hollow Sub-nanocones

Novel CdClOH sub‐nanocone crystals were successfully synthesized on a large scale by a facile solution‐based method using polymers as crystal growth modifiers. The crystals showed cone‐like morphology. Some factors affecting the morphology and size of the product, such as reaction temperature, concentrations of polyacrylamide (PAM), and pH value of the solution, were systematically studied. Experiments implied that polymer PAM played a key role in the formation of CdClOH sub‐nanocones. A possible formation mechanism of CdClOH sub‐nanocones was suggested based on nucleation‐etching process‐recrystallization in a mild aqueous solution. Furthermore, the as‐prepared CdClOH sub‐nanocones could be further transformed into CdS hollow sub‐nanocones by an anion‐exchange reaction.     

Generalized Low‐Temperature Fabrication of Scalable Multi‐Type Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets with a Green Soft Template

Two‐dimensional nanosheets with high specific surface areas and fascinating physical and chemical properties have attracted tremendous interests because of their promising potentials in both fundamental research and practical applications. However, the problem of developing a universal strategy with a facile and cost‐effective synthesis process for multi‐type ultrathin 2 D nanostructures remains unresolved. Herein, we report a generalized low‐temperature fabrication of scalable multi‐type 2 D nanosheets including metal hydroxides (such as Ni(OH)₂, Co(OH)₂, Cd(OH)₂, and Mg(OH)₂), metal oxides (such as ZnO and Mn₃O₄), and layered mixed transition‐metal hydroxides (Ni‐Co LDH, Ni‐Fe LDH, Co‐Fe LDH, and Ni‐Co‐Fe layered ternary hydroxides) through the rational employment of a green soft‐template. The synthesized crystalline inorganic nanosheets possess confined thickness, resulting in ultrahigh surface atom ratios and chemically reactive facets. Upon evaluation as electrode materials for pseudocapacitors, the Ni‐Co LDH nanosheets exhibit a high specific capacitance of 1087 F g^?1 at a current density of 1 A g^?1, and excellent stability, with 103 % retention after 500 cycles. This strategy is facile and scalable for the production of high‐quality ultrathin crystalline inorganic nanosheets, with the possibility of extension to the preparation of other complex nanosheets.     

Facile In Situ Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Ni/Ni(OH)2 Hybrid Sponges with Excellent Electrochemical Energy‐Storage Performances for Supercapacitors

Herein, we report the in situ growth of single‐crystalline Ni(OH)₂ nanoflakes on a Ni support by using facile hydrothermal processes. The as‐prepared Ni/Ni(OH)₂ sponges were well‐characterized by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TEM, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The results revealed that the nickel‐skeleton‐supported Ni(OH)₂ rope‐like aggregates were composed of numerous intercrossed single‐crystal Ni(OH)₂ flake‐like units. The Ni/Ni(OH)₂ hybrid sponges served as electrodes and displayed ultrahigh specific capacitance (SC=3247 F g^?1) and excellent rate‐capability performance, likely owing to fast electron and ion transport, sufficient Faradic redox reaction, and robust structural integrity of the Ni/Ni(OH)₂ hybrid electrode. These results support the promising application of Ni(OH)₂ nanoflakes as advanced pseudocapacitor materials.     

Poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐phosphorylated polyglycidols as CaCO3 crystal growth modifiers. II. Macromolecular architecture versus the crystal size and shape and crystallization inhibition

Ionic–nonionic dihydrophilic block copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) as nonionic blocks and phosphorylated polyglycidol as ionic blocks of various lengths and various degrees of phosphorylation were prepared. The influence of these variables on the CaCO₃ crystal structure and the inhibition of crystal growth was studied. The best results (small crystal size, low dispersity of sizes, and longest inhibition time) were observed for limited degrees of phosphorylation. A certain part of the dihydrophilic block copolymers was permanently bound to the formed particles, opening a way to the synthesis of inorganic–organic (polymer) hybrids based on these components. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 90–98, 2007