利用酰胺型手性固定相正相拆分β-受体阻滞剂对映体

利用酰胺型手性固定相正相直接拆分了β－受体阻滞剂阿替洛尔,讨论了三元流动相中１,２－二氯乙烷和甲醇含量的改变以及不同极性调节剂的使用对分离的影响。优化的流动相组成为Ｖ（正己烷）∶Ｖ（１,２－二氯乙烷）∶Ｖ（甲醇）＝６８∶２６∶６,并在探讨分离机理的同时比较了阿替洛尔、噻利洛尔和普萘洛尔３种β－受体阻滞剂在酰胺型手性固定相上拆分的结果     

高效液相色谱法测定复方感冒液多组分含量

 报道了采用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）测定复方感冒液中愈创木酚、扑热息痛、甲基麻黄碱、咖啡因、美沙芬及扑尔敏的含量。色谱柱为ＺｏｒｂａｘＯＤＳ柱，前４种药物采用的流动相为甲醇－０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钾－磷酸（２５０∶７５０∶０．５），检测波长２１４ｎｍ；后２种药物采用的流动相为甲醇－水－磷酸－十二烷基硫酸钠（８０∶２０∶０．５∶０．２），检测波长２６０ｎｍ。在此色谱条件下，６种药物可获得很好的分离，回收率也高。     

HPLC法测定中成药制剂中10-羟基-2-癸烯酸的含量

 采用ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ１８柱，以甲醇∶水∶磷酸（４５∶６５∶０．５）为流动相，以ＵＶ２１０ｎｍ为检测波长，测定中成药制剂中１０－羟基－２－癸烯酸（１０－ＨＤＡ）的含量，１０－ＨＤＡ浓度在０．００６～０．０３０ｇ／Ｌ范围内线性关系良好（ｒ＝０．９９９９，ｎ＝５），检测限为０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｓ／Ｎ＝３∶１）。方法具有定量准确、快速及主峰和杂质分离度高等特点。     

三(4-甲基苯甲酰基)纤维素酯的合成及其涂敷手性固定相的制备和表征

 以微晶纤维素为原料合成三（４－甲基苯甲酰基）纤维素酯，涂敷在平均粒径为６μｍ、平均孔径为１５ｎｍ、比表面积为６７ｍ２／ｇ的堆积硅珠上，制备成手性固定相。用扫描电子显微分析考察了固定相的表面形貌。用高效液相色谱法分离了（±）－α－苯乙醇对映异构体，考察了洗脱液正己烷／异丙醇（９８∶２，Ｖ／Ｖ）的流速和洗脱液的组成对（±）－α－苯乙醇对映异构体分离的影响。     

高效液相色谱法测定环境水中痕量4,4′-二氨基联苯、4-硝基酚和苯酚

 采用ＰｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｅｘＳｐｈｅｒｅｘＣ１８色谱柱，以含５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙酸－乙酸钠缓冲溶液（ｐＨ６．０）的Ｖ（乙腈）∶Ｖ（乙醚）∶Ｖ（水）＝１２∶１０∶７８混合溶液为流动相，用分光光度法检测，检测波长为２７５ｎｍ，在１６ｍｉｎ内实现了４，４′－二氨基联苯、４－硝基酚和苯酚的同时分离测定。检测限分别为０．１４，０．１９和０．０８ｎｇ。标准回收率分别为９８．８５％，９８．１５％和９８．１０％。方法灵敏度高，用于环境水样分析时结果令人满意。     

TritonX-100-盐-水液-固萃取体系分离Co,Cd,Zn

在含有一定浓度硫酸铵的条件下，ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００水溶液能形成盐水相与聚合物固相。本实验研究了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）与４－（２－吡啶偶氮）间苯二酚（ＰＡＲ）形成的配合物在ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００盐水萃取体系液固两相中的分配行为。主要探讨萃取酸度，萃取剂用量和硫酸铵浓度等条件对金属离子萃取率的影响。用控制酸度的方法实现了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）与Ｃｄ（Ⅱ），Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）与Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）的定量分离。每组金属离子浓度在１∶１０００倍情况下分离互不干扰，结果满意。该法可用于样品的提纯与分离。     

高效液相色谱法测定阿弗菌素含量

 采用反相高效液相色谱法测定了阿弗菌素片中阿弗菌素的含量。色谱柱为ＴＳＫ－ＧＥＬＣ１８，流动相为甲醇∶水（７５∶２５），检测波长２４５ｎｍ，可得到满意的分离效果。     

共价有机框架材料TpBD-（NH2）2-D-（-）-α-苯甘氨酸用作高效液相色谱手性固定相的研究

该文采用溶剂热法合成了一种共价有机框架材料（COFs）TpBD-（NO2）2,将TpBD-（NO2）2还原为TpBD-（NH2）2后用D-（－）-α-苯甘氨酸对其进行手性修饰得到手性COFs材料TpBD-（NH2）2-D-（－）-α-苯甘氨酸。对TpBD-（NO2）2、TpBD-（NH2）2及TpBD-（NH2）2-D-（－）-α-苯甘氨酸3种COFs材料进行表征,并采用“网包法”制备了TpBD-（NH2）2-D-（－）-α-苯甘氨酸手性固定相。为考察该固定相的分离性能,将其用于制备高效液相色谱（HPLC）手性柱,并使用正己烷－异丙醇（体积比9∶1）和甲醇－水（体积比9∶1）为流动相,实现了13种手性化合物和5种苯系位置异构体的分离。且该色谱柱具有较好的重现性。实验表明TpBD-（NH2）2-D-（－）-α-苯甘氨酸用作HPLC固定相用于手性物质和苯系位置异构体分离具有良好的研究意义。     

茶叶中维生素C和嘌呤碱的高效液相色谱测定法的研究

 报道了采用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）对茶叶中维生素Ｃ、可可碱、茶碱和咖啡碱同时分离检测的方法。碳十八柱为分离柱，柱温４０℃，检测波长２３０ｎｍ，甲醇－水（１０∶９０）为流动相，在１２ｍｉｎ内可全部出峰。方法操作简便，分离效果、重现性和线性范围均令人满意。     

脲衍生物型手性固定相拆分噻利洛尔对映体

 用脲衍生物型手性固定相直接拆分了药物对映体噻利洛尔。优化的正相色谱流动相的组成为正己烷／１，２－二氯乙烷／乙醇（７７∶２１∶２，Ｖ／Ｖ／Ｖ）。实验表明，流动相中乙醇含量的改变对分离度产生了较大的影响；不同极性调节剂的使用表现出了不同的拆分效果。最后讨论了异构体的出峰次序，认为异构体与固定相的手性中心之一的氢键作用力是造成异构体分离的主要因素。     

Separations of flavonoids and alkaloids in medicinal herbs by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Counter-current chromatography is a new liquid-liquid partition chromatography without using solid support. Recently, the technique has been remarkably improved in both partition efficiency and separation time. In this paper the capability of this high-speed counter-current chromatography was demonstrated on separation of two sets of samples obtained from medicinal herbs: a synthetic mixture of 3'-hydroxygenkwanin, luteolin and apigenin was separated on a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-methanol-water (4:3:2, v/v/v) and a crude ethanol extract from Anisodus tangulicus (Maxin) Pasch on chloroform-0.07 M sodium phosphate (pH 6.4) (1:1, v/v). In the light of chromatograms obtained from these samples, advantages of high-speed counter-current chromatography over other chromatographic methods were discussed in terms of partition efficiency, peak resolution, separation time, sample loading capacity, etc.     

Rapid separation of flavonoids by analytical high-speed counter-current chromatography

A commercial model of the analytical high-speed counter-current chromatography instrument was used for separation of flavonoids from a crude ethanol extract of dried fruits of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). Using a two-phase solvent system of chloroform-methanol-water (4:3:2), a five-fold increase in flow-rate of the mobile phase from 60 to 300 ml/h resulted in a rapid separation of five components in less than 15 min without significant loss in peak resolution. Major flavonoid component, isorhamnetin, was identified in its pure state by mass spectrometric analysis.     

Preparative separation of minor saponins from Platycodi Radix by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Platycosides (PSs), the saponins found in the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Platycodi Radix), are typically composed of oleanene backbones with two side chains; one is a 3-O-glucose linked by a glycosidic bond, and the other is a 28-O-arabinose-rhamnose-xylose-apiose linked by an ester bond. Minor saponins, acetylated isomers of the major saponin on either the 2' or 3' position of rhamnose, were isolated from Platycodi Radix using a multi-step process including high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). After the separation of the major components, the enriched minor saponin fraction was used for this study. A two-phase solvent system consisting of chloroform-methanol-isopropanol-water (3:2:2:3, v/v) was used for HSCCC. HSCCC separation of the enriched minor saponin fraction yielded 2'-O-acetylplatycodin D, 3'-O-acetylpolygalacin D, 2'-O-acetylpolygalacin and a mixture of 3'-O-acetylplatycodin D and polygalacin D. The mixture fraction from HSCCC separation was further purified by preparative RP-HPLC, giving 3'-O-acetylplatycodin D and polygalacin D at a purity of over 98.9%. The developed method provides the preparative and rapid separation of minor saponins in the crude extract of Platycodi Radix. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first on the separation of acetylated PSs by HSCCC.     

Preparative separation of gambogic acid and its C-2 epimer using recycling high-speed counter-current chromatography

A recycling counter-current chromatographic system was first set up with a high-speed counter-current chromatography instrument coupled with a column switching valve. This system was first successfully applied to the preparative separation of epimers, gambogic acid and epigambogic acid from Garcinia hanburyi using n-hexane-methanol-water (5:4:1, v/v/v) as the two-phase solvent system. As a result, 28.2 mg gambogic acid and 18.4 mg epigambogic acid were separated from 50 mg of mixture. Their purities were both above 97% as determined by HPLC. The chemical structures were then identified by their (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectra.     

High-speed counter-current chromatography of apple procyanidins

Apple procyanidins were separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography using a type-J multilayer coil planet centrifuge. Several two-phase solvent systems with a wide range of hydrophobicities from a non-polar hexane system to polar n-butanol systems were evaluated their performance in terms of the partition coefficient and the retention of the phase. The best separation of procyanidins B and C was achieved with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-butanol-methyl tert.-butyl ether-acetonitrile-0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (2:4:3:8) using the lower phase as a mobile at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min.     

Preparative purification of glycyrrhizin extracted from the root of liquorice using high-speed counter-current chromatography

Glycyrrhizin is one of the main bioactive components in liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) which has recently been found to be highly active in inhibiting replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated virus. The separation and purification of glycyrrhizin from a methanol-water (70:30 (v/v)) extract of liquorice roots was achieved using high-speed counter-current chromatography. The separation was performed at a preparative scale in a one-step separation with a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:2:5 (v/v)). The lower phase was used as the mobile phase in the head-to-tail elution mode. The present method yielded 42.2 mg glycyrrhizin at 96.8% purity from 130 mg of the crude exact with 95.2% recovery as determined by HPLC analysis.     

Three-phase solvent systems for comprehensive separation of a wide variety of compounds by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Three-phase solvent systems were efficiently utilized for high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) to separate multiple components with a wide range of hydrophobicity. The compositions of three-phase systems were optimized according to their physical parameters such as volume ratio, viscosity and specific gravity of upper (UP), middle (MP) and lower (LP) phases. The three-phase systems composed of n-hexane-methyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (4:4:3:4, v/v/v/v) was selected for HSCCC separation of a mixture of 15 standard compounds with a wide range in hydrophobicity from beta-carotene to tryptophan. The separation was initiated by filling the column with a mixture of MP and LP both as a stationary phase followed by elution with UP to separate the hydrophobic compounds. Then the mobile phase was switched to MP to elute the moderately hydrophobic compounds, and finally the polar compounds still retained in the column were fractionated by eluting the column with LP. The system successfully resolved all 15 compounds in one-step operation in 70 min.     

高速逆流色谱法分离制备华山参中东莨菪内酯

采用高速逆流色谱法从华山参乙醇提取液的氯仿萃取物中分离得到了一种高纯度的香豆素类化合物,东莨菪内酯．所用体系为正己烷：乙酸乙酯：甲醇：水（体积比3：5：3：5）,上相做固定相,下相做流动相．分离所得东莨菪内酯的纯度经高效液相色谱检测达到97％．该方法操作简单、方便、快捷,可用于华山参中香豆素类化合物——东莨菪内酯的分离制备．     

UV-based solvent system screening for high-speed counter-current chromatography fractionation of compounds with similar UV absorption from complex samples followed by preparative HPLC purification: Flavonoids from barley seedlings as sample

This article proposes a solvent system screening strategy for compounds with similar UV absorption in complex samples by UV spectrophotometer. There is no need to calculate the partition coefficient value of each compound, only the partition coefficient of the whole sample. The partition coefficient value should be close to 1 in order to obtain as many high-speed counter-current chromatography fractions as possible. Then, preparative HPLC was used to purify the high-speed counter-current chromatography fractions. Based on the above strategy, seven c-glycosyl flavonoids and an amino acid were successfully obtained from barley seedlings through high-speed counter-current chromatography fractionation with ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (8:2:10, v:v:v) system followed by preparative HPLC purification. The research shows that high-speed counter-current chromatography could be well developed as a tool for fractionation before purification, and greatly improves the separation efficiency.     

Separation and purification of ergosterol and stigmasterol in Anoectochilus roxburghii (wall) Lindl by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Ergosterol and stigmasterol are the most common phytosterols in the traditional Chinese medicine. They are two major sterol compounds in Anoectochilus roxburghii (wall) Lindl (A. roxburghii) and have been proved to have many important biological activities. A method by using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) has been successfully developed for separation and purification of ergosterol and stigmasterol in A. roxburghii simultaneously in this paper. The optimum conditions used in this method were as follows: The two-phase solvent system consisted of n-hexane-ethylacetate-butanol-methanol-water (3.5:0.3:0.5:2.5:0.3, v/v); the rotation speed was 900 rpm; the flow rate of the lower phase was 1.5 mL/min. About 36.5 mg of ergosterol and 43.6 mg of stigmasterol were obtained from 100 g of A. roxburghii. The purity of ergosterol and stigmasterol was examined to be 92.0 and 95.5%, respectively, by using HPLC. The chemical structures of these components were identified by UV spectra, FT-IR, MS, (1) H-NMR and (13) C-NMR. The results demonstrated that high-speed counter-current chromatography was a feasible method to separate and purify ergosterol and stigmasterol from the herb. This separation and purification method was more effective than many other conventional techniques.