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1.
通过比较激光烧蚀E1/E2 (代表Ge/Sn, Ge/Pb和Sn/Pb) 和Co/E (E为Ge、Sn、Pb)混合样品形成的二元团簇负离子飞行时间质谱分布和谱峰的相对强度及形成的幻数团簇离子峰,发现E1/E2二元团簇离子中原子量大的锗分族元素在团簇离子中占主要组分,而原子量小的元素则少量掺杂,其组成和分布特点说明其结构和性质与纯E团簇离子相似,可能的结构为该类负离子团簇所有原子都在笼结构的骨架上;对于二元团簇离子GeSn9-、GePb9-和SnPb9-其结构可能是双帽反四棱柱构型,只是每个原子均为骨架的一部分.而对激光烧蚀过渡金属钴与锗分族元素的混合物的研究发现,反应形成了丰富的Co/E二元合金团簇负离子,分析发现该类簇离子为钴内包覆于E(锗分族元素)笼状结构.幻数离子CoGe10-、CoSn10-和CoPb10-可能具有双帽四角反棱柱结构,而CoPb12-可能具有二十面体构型,钴原子均为笼状结构的中心.  相似文献   

2.
唐典勇  金诚  邹婷  黄雪娜 《化学学报》2009,67(14):1539-1546
在UBP86/LANL2DZ和UBP86/def2-TZVP水平下详细研究了AumNin (m+n≤6)团簇的几何结构和电子性质. 详细地分析了团簇的结构特征, 平均结合能, 垂直电离势, 垂直电子亲和能, 电荷转移以及成键特征. 所有混合团簇中, 镍原子趋于聚集到一起, 形成最多Ni—Ni键, 金原子分布在镍原子聚集体周围以形成最多Au—Ni键. Ni原子较少团簇的电子性质与纯金团簇类似, 呈现一定奇偶振荡. 混合团簇中存在镍到金原子间的电荷转移. Ni原子较少团簇中, 自旋电子主要定域在Ni原子上, Ni原子较多团簇中, Au原子明显受到自旋极化. 混合团簇的分波态密度表明, AuNi混合团簇对小分子的反应活性要高于纯金团簇.  相似文献   

3.
利用密度泛函理论在广义梯度近似下研究了GenEu(n=1-13)团簇的生长模式和磁性.结果表明:对于GenEu(n=1-13)团簇的基态结构而言,没有Eu原子陷入笼中.这和SinEu以及其它过渡金属掺杂半导体团簇的生长模式不同.除GeEu团簇外,GenEu(n=2-13)团簇的磁矩均为7μB.团簇的总磁矩与Eu原子的4f轨道磁矩基本相等.Ge、Eu原子间的电荷转移以及Eu原子的5d、6p和6s间的轨道杂化可以增强Eu原子的局域磁矩,却不能增强团簇总磁矩.  相似文献   

4.
采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3PW91方法,在混合基组水平上对Al掺杂Sn12-团簇几何结构和电子结构进行了计算分析.结果表明,Al内掺杂Sn12-团簇能量更低更稳定,但LU-MO-HOMO能隙较小.外掺杂多面体簇中,电荷从Al原子移向Sn12-笼,趋向形成[Al+Sn122-]结构;内掺杂多面体簇中,电荷从Sn12-笼移向Al原子,趋向形成[Al-@Sn12]结构.  相似文献   

5.
采用Saunders全局优化随机踢球模型与密度泛函理论相结合的方法,在B3LYP/SDD理论水平下研究了锡基原子团簇Sn_n(n=2~10)及锡基稀土原子钐掺杂团簇Sn_nSm(n=1~9)的几何结构、稳定性、电子性质和磁性.结果表明,团簇Sn_nSm(n=1~9)中掺杂的钐原子通常位于主团簇的表面,掺杂团簇的基态结构更倾向于具有较高对称性的三维结构;二元锡基混合团簇的平均结合能变大,稳定性增强,这主要归因于Sn—Sm键比Sn—Sn键的键能大,具有更强的相互作用;掺杂团簇具有较高的磁性,其总磁矩主要源自于钐原子4f电子的贡献;随着团簇尺寸的增加,二元团簇的总磁矩呈现出趋于饱和的现象.  相似文献   

6.
采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法系统地研究了Au12M(M=Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl)团簇的结构、稳定性和电子性质.对团簇的平均结合能、镶嵌能、垂直离化势、最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)的能级差、电荷布居分析、自然键轨道(NBO)进行了计算和讨论.对于Au12M(M=Na,Mg,Al)团簇,它们形成了内含M原子的最稳定的笼状结构.然而对于Au12M(M=Si,P,S,Cl)团簇,它们却形成了以M元素为顶点的稳定锥形结构.在这些团簇中发现Au12S团簇相对是最稳定的,这是由于Au12S团簇形成了稳定的满壳层的电子结构.自然电荷布居分析表明:对于所有的Au12M(M=Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl)团簇电荷总是从Au原子转向M原子.自然键轨道和HOMO分析表明Au12M团簇中发生了Au原子的s-d轨道和M原子的p轨道间的杂化现象.  相似文献   

7.
采用随机踢球模型结合密度泛函理论,在PBEPBE/RE/SDD/Si/6-311+G(d)水平下研究了中性和阴性的硅基稀土掺杂团簇MSi_7~q(M=Eu,Sm,Yb;q=0,-1)的几何结构、稳定性及电子和磁学性质.计算结果表明,阴性团簇的基态结构是在五角双锥的双锥侧面外法向方向加入一个Si原子而形成的3D结构,并且稀土原子M处于五角双锥的顶点;中性团簇的最低能结构是一个畸变的双帽八面体,并且M原子处于八面体的赤道面上.SmSi_7~-团簇在这3种稀土掺杂的团簇中具有最高的平均结合能和掺杂能,是这3种稀土掺杂团簇中最稳定的一种.Si_7团簇是非磁性团簇,但是当M原子(M=Eu,Sm,Yb)掺入其中时,由于镧系元素独特的原子磁性,使其变成了磁性团簇.此外,还模拟了各团簇前几种低能异构体的光电子能谱.  相似文献   

8.
硼碳团簇BnC2 (n=1~6)的理论研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王若曦  张冬菊  朱荣秀  刘成卜 《化学学报》2007,65(19):2092-2096
应用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311+G(d)水平上研究了硼碳团簇BnC2 (n=1~6)的几何结构、生长机制和相对稳定性. 计算结果表明, 对于n=2~6的簇, 平面多环状构型为最稳定的结构, 其中C原子分布于环的顶点、有尽可能多的三配位硼原子和尽可能多的B—C键. 碳原子作为杂原子倾向掺杂于团簇的顶点位置, 它的掺杂不改变硼团簇的主体结构. 与平面多环状结构相比, 随着簇尺寸的增大, 三维结构和线性链结构更不稳定. 在低能线性结构中, C原子位于链两侧的第二个位置. 计算的碎片分裂能、递增键能以及HOMO-LUMO能隙表明, B4C2为幻数簇.  相似文献   

9.
运用密度泛函理论系统研究了甲烷在MV_3O_y~q (M=Au/Ag,y=6–8,q=0或±1)团簇上的吸附和活化。研究得到了吸附体系的微观几何构型、吸附能、电荷分布等性质,找到了5个可以明显活化甲烷分子的含Au团簇。在这些体系中,Au均吸附在基底团簇V_3O_y~q的O位置,而CH_4均在Au原子上被活化。团簇电荷对活化能力有明显影响,阳离子团簇的活化能力最强,中性体系次之,阴离子团簇的活化能力很弱。测试计算表明引入D3色散矫正对于体系结构和能量的计算结果影响不大。本文作为单原子催化剂上甲烷吸附和活化反应的团簇模型研究,为进一步研究单原子催化剂上甲烷的活化机理提供了基础,也为合理设计低温下甲烷转化的单原子催化剂提供了有益的线索。  相似文献   

10.
金钯二元小团簇的几何结构与电子性质   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在UBP86/LANL2DZ和UB3LYP/def2-TZVP水平下详细研究了AumPdn(m+n≤6)团簇的几何结构和电子性质.阐明了团簇的结构特征、平均结合能、垂直电离势、垂直电子亲和能、电荷转移以及成键特征.除单取代混合团簇(AunPd和AuPdn,n=5或6)外,五和六原子混合团簇中钯原子趋于聚集到一起形成Pdcore,金原子分布在Pdcore周围形成PdcoreAushell结构.含一个和两个钯原子团簇的电子性质与纯金团簇类似,呈现一定奇偶振荡.混合团簇的电子性质,如最高占据分子轨道(HOMO),最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO),垂直电离势,垂直电子亲和能,Fermi能级和化学硬度等均与团簇空间结构和金、钯原子数之比直接相关.混合团簇中存在钯原子到金原子间的电荷转移,表明团簇中存在明显金钯间成键作用.分析团簇的电荷分布、前线轨道和化学硬度表明,金钯混合团簇对小分子如O2、H2和CO等的反应活性要强于纯金团簇.  相似文献   

11.
A series of cobalt‐doped germanium clusters, CoGen?/0 (n=2–11), are investigated by using anion photoelectron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. For both anionic and neutral CoGen (n=2–11) clusters, the critical size of the transition from exo‐ to endohedral structures is n=9. Natural population analysis shows that there is electron transfer from the Gen framework to the Co atom at n=7–11 for both anionic and neutral CoGen clusters. The magnetic moments of the anionic and neutral CoGen clusters decrease to the lowest values at n=10 and 11. The transfer of electrons from the Gen framework to the Co atom and the minimization of the magnetic moments are related to the evolution of CoGen structures from exo‐ to endohedral.  相似文献   

12.
We present the results of supercell DFT calculations on the adsorption properties of Au atoms and small clusters (Aun, n≤5) on a SiO2/Mo(112) thin film and on the same system modified by doping with Li atoms. The adsorbed Li atoms penetrate into the pores of the silica film and become stabilized at the interface where they donate one electron to the Mo metal. As a consequence, the work function of the Li‐doped SiO2/Mo(112) film is reduced and results in modified adsorption properties. In fact, while on the undoped SiO2/Mo(112) film Au interacts only very weakly, on the Li‐doped surface Au atoms and clusters bind with significant bond strengths. The calculations show that this is due to the occurrence of an electron transfer from the SiO2/Mo(112) interface to the adsorbed gold. The occurrence of the charge transfer is related to the work function of the support but also to the possibility for the silica film to undergo a strong polaronic distortion.  相似文献   

13.
The geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of Au n La (n = 2–8) clusters have been systematically investigated by using density-functional theory. The results show that the doped La atom prefers to locate at the center site with the number of Au atom increasing from 2 to 8. Furthermore, the Au n La clusters are more stable than the Au n+1 clusters. The charges transfer from La atom to Au atoms at n = 2–4, but charge-transferring is reversed at n = 5.  相似文献   

14.
基于卡里普索结构预测程序和密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,搜索确定了VB2n-n=8~12)团簇的基态和亚稳态结构。结果发现,V原子的掺杂完全改变了原硼团簇的结构并提高了原体系的稳定性。掺杂体系基态结构分别呈现高对称性的鼓状(VB16-C2v)、管状(VB18-C2v和VB20-Cs)及笼状(VB22-C2和VB24-D3h)结构。基于基态结构,研究了体系的电荷转移和极化率,拟合出了光电子能谱、红外和拉曼谱图,分析了流变键和芳香特性。最后,研究了体系的热力学特性,讨论了温度对热力学参数的影响。  相似文献   

15.
基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 研究了TinO2和TinO2- (n=1-10)团簇的几何结构、电子结构以及磁性. 结果表明, 两个氧以分离的原子状态吸附在金属团簇的表面, 呈现出以一个钛原子为中心的O-Ti-O 的相邻吸附形式. 中性团簇和阴离子团簇的能量最低结构相似. 稳定性分析表明TinO2具有很高的稳定性, 特别是TiO2和Ti7O2. 此外, 详细讨论了团簇的电离势、电子亲和能、电子解离能和能隙. 基于最低能量结构, 讨论了团簇的磁性, 发现电荷从Ti 原子向O原子转移, 并且电荷转移主要发生在TinO2的Ti-3d、Ti-4s和O-2p轨道. 磁性团簇中反铁磁序占据主导, 磁矩主要来源Ti-3d电子的贡献, 而两个氧原子的贡献非常小.  相似文献   

16.
The growth pattern and electronic properties of TiGen- (n=7-12) clusters were investigated using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. For both anionic and neutral TiGen clusters, a half-encapsulated boat-shaped structure appears at n=8, and the boat-shaped structure is gradually covered by the additional Ge atoms to form Gen cage at n=9-11. TiGe12- cluster has a distorted hexagonal prism cage structure. According to the natural population analysis, the electron transfers from the Gen framework to the Ti atom for TiGen-/0 clusters at n=8-12, implying that the electron transfer pattern is related to the structural evolution.  相似文献   

17.
The geometric, spectroscopic, and electronic properties of neutral yttrium‐doped gold clusters AunY (n=1–9) are studied by far‐infrared multiple photon dissociation (FIR‐MPD) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Comparison of the observed and calculated vibrational spectra allows the structures of the isomers present in the molecular beam to be determined. Most of the isomers for which the IR spectra agree best with experiment are calculated to be the energetically most stable ones. Attachment of xenon to the AunY cluster can cause changes in the IR spectra, which involve band shifts and band splittings. In some cases symmetry changes, as a result of the attachment of xenon atoms, were also observed. All the AunY clusters considered prefer a low spin state. In contrast to pure gold clusters, which exhibit exclusively planar lowest‐energy structures for small sizes, several of the studied species are three‐dimensional. This is particularly the case for Au4Y and Au9Y, while for some other sizes (n=5, 8) the 3D structures have an energy similar to that of their 2D counterparts. Several of the lowest‐energy structures are quasi‐2D, that is, slightly distorted from planar shapes. For all the studied species the Y atom prefers high coordination, which is different from other metal dopants in gold clusters.  相似文献   

18.
The geometries, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of small rubidium‐doped silicon clusters RbSin (n = 1–12) have been systematically investigated using the density functional theory at the B3LYP/GENECP level. The optimized structures show that lowest‐energy isomers of RbSin are similar with the ground state isomers of pure Sin clusters and prefer the three‐dimensional for n = 3–12. The relative stabilities of RbSin clusters have been analyzed on the averaged binding energy, fragmentation energy, second‐order energy difference, and highest occupied molecular orbital‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap. The calculated results indicate that the doping of Rb atom enhances the chemical activity of Sin frame and the magic number is RbSi2. The Mulliken population analysis reveals that the charges in the corresponding RbSin clusters transfer from the Rb atom to Si atoms. The partial density of states and chemical hardness are also discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

19.
The authors predict that the magnetic moment of the scandium clusters can not be efficiently enhanced with the encapsulation of Fe atom, which is different from previous works with Fe atom doped in Bn, Sin, and Gen clusters. It was found that starting from n=6, the growth patterns of the ground state structures of the ScnFe clusters are dominated by the octahedron structures with Fe atom falling into the center of the host framework. The calculated results manifest that doping of the Fe atom contributes to strengthening the stabilities of the scandium framework. Maximum peaks are observed for clusters of n=3, 6 and 8 on the size dependence of the second‐order energy differences, implying that these clusters possess relatively higher stability. The HOMO‐LUMO gap of the ScnFe clusters exhibits an oscillational odd‐even character with the local peaks of n=4, 6 and 8. Especially, there is the largest oscillation of the gap with n=4 and 5. Additionally, the doped Fe atom exhibits the antiferromagnetic alignment at n=4, 5, 7 and 9. Also, the quench of the magnetic moments as n=6, 8 and 10 may be ascribed to the model of close‐shell electrons.  相似文献   

20.
Heterometal‐doped gold clusters are poorly accessible through wet‐chemical approaches and main‐group‐metal‐ or early‐transition‐metal‐doped gold clusters are rare. Compounds [M(AuPMe3)11(AuCl)]3+ (M=Pt, Pd, Ni) ( 1 – 3 ), [Ni(AuPPh3)(8?2n)(AuCl)3(AlCp*)n] (n=1, 2) ( 4, 5 ), and [Mo(AuPMe3)8 (GaCl2)3(GaCl)]+ ( 6 ) were selectively obtained by the transmetalation of [M(M′Cp*)n] (M=Mo, E=Ga, n=6; M=Pt, Pd, Ni, M′=Ga, Al, n=4) with [ClAuPR3] (R=Me, Ph) and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and ESI mass spectrometry. DFT calculations were used to analyze the bonding situation. The transmetalation proved to be a powerful tool for the synthesis of heterometal‐doped gold clusters with a design rule based on the 18 valence electron count for the central metal atom M and in agreement with the unified superatom concept based on the jellium model.  相似文献   

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