基于红外光谱的植物油品质指数及地沟油检测

为探寻地沟油检测中的内源性指标,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对6种不同种类食用植物油加热前后的红外光谱变化情况进行了研究。通过谱学分析,发现了一个对加热处理过程高度敏感且特异性极强的红外光谱区间。通过对这一光谱区间的简单归一化处理,发展了一种用于衡量植物油是否经历过加热处理过程的植物油品质指数。可以将此指数作为内源性指标用于地沟油鉴定,应用此指数,以两种不同煎炸老油作为地沟油模拟物对提出的指标的有效性进行了验证。这一植物油品质指数的建立可用于地沟油的快速检测。     

我国油料产品品质的近红外光谱快速检测技术研究进展

近红外光谱技术是一种快速无损检测技术,具有操作简单、检测成本低、无需化学试剂、绿色环保,以及可实现多品质参数同步检测等优点。该文综述了我国油料和食用植物油品质的近红外光谱速测技术研究进展,包括油料含油量、粗蛋白含量、脂肪酸含量等品质指标,食用油的理化指标,以及脂肪酸和食用油的真实性鉴别,并对油料产品品质的近红外光谱速测技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

表面增强拉曼光谱在偶氮染料检测中的研究进展

简述了偶氮染料的检测现状,对偶氮染料研究中表面增强拉曼光谱检测方法进行了综述。介绍了表面增强拉曼光谱用金属溶胶、金属电极、金属薄膜3种增强基底在偶氮染料检测中的方向,并对其在偶氮染料检测中的研究前景进行了展望。表面增强拉曼光谱法是一种新型光谱分析技术,具有操作简单、快速、灵敏度高等优势,为偶氮染料的检测开辟了新道路。     

激光诱导击穿光谱在煤质检测中的应用现状

我国当前主要能源仍是煤炭资源,煤质快速检测有利于其清洁高效利用。激光诱导击穿光谱（Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy,LIBS）作为一种快速光谱检测技术,具有样品需求量小、制样简便、可多元素同时测量等优点,其在煤质快速检测中的应用潜力已得到广泛认可。本文从激光诱导击穿光谱仪器（实验室台式、在线式和便携式）的研发现状、激光诱导击穿光谱对煤质（金属元素、非金属元素和工业指标）的检测现状、煤质分析性能提升方法,以及激光诱导击穿光谱定量分析模型研究等方面介绍了近几年来LIBS技术在煤质检测中的应用现状及未来展望。     

水体硝酸盐检测方法的研究进展

硝酸盐是活性氮中导致水体富营养化以及危害人体健康的重要形式,因此水体硝酸盐的检测在水体质量表征中一直备受关注。水体硝酸盐的常规检测主要是借助传统的分光光度法,这类方法经典权威,分析结果可靠,然而大都破坏样品、耗时、成本高,并且在硝酸盐定量分析中的干扰因素也较多。近年来,现代光谱技术的应用得到迅速发展,也已经在水体硝酸盐检测中有了较好的尝试,为海量水体质量信息的获取提供新的技术支撑。在介绍了水体硝酸盐检测方法的基础上,就水体硝酸盐检测方法的研究进展以及现代光谱技术在水体硝酸盐检测中的应用前景进行了归纳、分析和介绍,并指出傅里叶变换衰减全反射光谱(FTIR-ATR)可以实现快速适时的水体信息定量传感和质量监测,在水体硝酸盐的分析实践中具有广阔的应用空间。     

水体硝酸盐检测方法的研究进展

硝酸盐是活性氮中导致水体富营养化以及危害人体健康的重要形式,因此水体硝酸盐的检测在水体质量表征中一直备受关注。水体硝酸盐的常规检测主要是借助传统的分光光度法,这类方法经典权威,分析结果可靠,然而大都破坏样品、耗时、成本高,并且在硝酸盐定量分析中的干扰因素也较多。近年来,现代光谱技术的应用得到迅速发展,也已经在水体硝酸盐检测中有了较好的尝试,为海量水体质量信息的获取提供新的技术支撑。在介绍了水体硝酸盐检测方法的基础上,就水体硝酸盐检测方法的研究进展以及现代光谱技术在水体硝酸盐检测中的应用前景进行了归纳、分析和介绍,并指出傅里叶变换衰减全反射光谱(FTIR-ATR)可以实现快速适时的水体信息定量传感和质量监测,在水体硝酸盐的分析实践中具有广阔的应用空间。     

基于近红外光谱的食用植物油中反式脂肪酸含量快速定量检测及模型优化研究

利用近红外光谱技术对食用植物油中反式脂肪酸(Trans fatty acids,TFA)含量进行快速定量检测,并通过波段选择、预处理方法、变量筛选及建模方法对TFA含量预测模型进行优化.采用AntarisⅡ傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪在4000~10000 cm-1光谱范围采集98个食用植物油样本的近红外透射光谱,然后采用气相色谱法测定TFA的真实含量.首先,对样本原始光谱进行波段、预处理方法优选;在此基础上,采用竞争自适应重加权法(Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)筛选TFA相关的重要变量,最后应用主成分回归、偏最小二乘和最小二乘支持向量机方法分别建立食用植物油中TFA含量的预测模型.研究结果表明,近红外光谱技术检测食用植物油中的TFA含量是可行的,优化后的最佳预测模型的校正集和预测集R2分别为0.992和0.989,RMSEC和RMSEP分别为0.071%和0.075%.最佳预测模型所用的变量仅26个,占全波段变量的0.854%.此外,与全波段偏最小二乘预测模型相比,其预测集R2由0.904上升为0.989,RMSEP由0.230%下降为0.075%.由此表明,模型优化非常必要,CARS能有效筛选TFA相关的重要变量,极大减少建模变量数,从而简化预测模型,并较大提高预测模型的精度和稳定性.     

现代仪器分析技术在潲水油检测中的应用

综述了近年来光谱、色谱、质谱、核磁共振等现代仪器分析技术在潲水油检测中的应用现状和发展,并对其应用前景进行了展望(引用文献46篇)。     

NIRS分析技术在饲料品质检测中的应用

简介近红外光谱（Near Infrared Spectroscopy,NIRS)分析技术的优点，原理和应用，并重点对其在饲料品质检测中的应用进行综述（引用文献共51篇）。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱技术在分析化学领域的应用

傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术已经成为当前分析化学领域的一个重要的分析检测手段,在众多方面发挥着显著的作用.系统介绍了近年来傅立叶变换红外光谱技术在结构表征、化合物定性、反应动力学、品质鉴别、临床医学、微生物研究、法庭医学、地质科考、环境检测等方面的应用进展情况.     

成像技术在食品安全与质量控制中的研究进展

食品质量与安全是政府、食品行业以及消费者十分关注的问题。为了保证食品质量与安全，需要对食品中的风险因子进行检测。传统的分析方法如生物化学方法和仪器分析方法（色谱法、色谱-质谱法）存在前处理比较复杂，耗时，对样品具有破坏性及无法获取目标物空间信息等缺点。因此，开发快速，无损，实时和可视化的检测技术十分重要，这也是食品领域研究的热点。近年来，高光谱成像技术融合了成像和光谱两种技术，可以作为一种用于食品质量和安全评估的非破坏性和实时检测的工具。拉曼光谱成像技术可以同时获得待测物的光谱和空间信息，具有快速，无损和低成本等优点，在食品安全评价和质量控制中也得到了成功应用。质谱成像技术不需要标记和染色，即可实现样品组织表面待测物的可视化和高通量分析。它作为一种分子可视化技术，可以获得食品中营养成分及内、外源性有害物质的空间分布信息，在食品领域也表现出良好的应用前景。本文检索了近几年国内外发表的成像技术在食品研究中的相关文献，介绍了高光谱成像技术、拉曼光谱成像技术和质谱成像技术的原理，并综述了它们在食品安全与质量控制中的应用。此外，本文分析和讨论了这几种成像技术的优缺点，并对成像技术在食品领域的发展前景做出了展望。     

植物油中真菌毒素检测技术的研究进展

真菌毒素是由丝状真菌或霉菌产生的结构多样的小分子次级代谢产物，常见于粮油中，具有致畸性、肝毒性、肾毒性、致癌性、出血性、免疫抑制及破坏生殖系统等毒性。真菌毒素在基体中存在浓度低、种类多、极性范围广、同族类化合物结构类似、性质接近，定性信息缺乏。植物油是易受真菌毒素污染的食品之一，并且含有大量的油脂、脂肪酸和色素，可能增加基质效应，降低灵敏度，并损坏仪器。因此，建立高效样品前处理方法及高灵敏度、高通量、多种真菌毒素检测技术成为植物油基体中真菌毒素准确测定面临的巨大挑战。该文综述了溶剂提取（LLE）、固相萃取（SPE）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、动态共价化学肼（DCHC）、QuEChERS方法在油中真菌毒素前处理中的应用，分析了气相色谱、液相色谱、液相色谱-串联质谱及免疫传感器等检测技术的特点，并对植物油中真菌毒素污染检测的发展应用进行了展望。     

Classification of vegetable oils according to their botanical origin using sterol profiles established by direct infusion mass spectrometry

A simple and quick method to classify vegetable oils according to their botanical origin, based on direct infusion of sterol extracts into a mass spectrometer, was developed. Using mass spectrometry (MS) with either an electrospray ionization or an atmospheric pressure photoionization source, followed by linear discriminant analysis of the mass spectral data, oil samples corresponding to eight different botanical origins were perfectly classified with an excellent resolution among all the categories. An excellent correlation between the sterol profiles obtained by MS and by the official gas chromatography (with flame ionization detection) method was obtained. Thus, the proposed method is a promising alternative for sterol fingerprinting of vegetable oils, with the advantage that prior chromatographic separation is not required.     

复杂基体中痕量多环芳烃分析测定方法的研究进展

 介绍了环境样品（水和土壤）以及植物油中痕量多环芳烃的分析检测方法。对样品的预处理过程和分析方法做了评价。采用一些新的预处理方法（包括液相色谱法、固相萃取法、超临界二氧化碳萃取法）,并结合色谱-质谱在线联用分析检测方法能够获得比较理想的分析结果。引用文献52篇。     

模式识别在食品质量控制方面的应用进展

本文介绍了食品质量研究中常用的一些化学模式识别方法的基本原理,并介绍了模式识别结合红外、原子吸收、原子发射、气相色谱、液相色谱、质谱、电子鼻传感器等检测技术在食品质量控制中的应用.对化学计量学在食品质量控制中的应用前景作了展望.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible fats and oils: occurrence and analytical methods

This review deals with analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) determination in oils and fats. The data reported in the introduction deal with PAH dietary intake from this group of food and contamination levels recently found by some authors in different vegetable oils, stressing the importance of establishing a method suitable for routine analyses. Traditional sample preparation relies on tedious, time-consuming procedures. They generally consist of an extraction step (liquid-liquid partition, caffeine complexation, saponification) followed by one or more purification procedures (column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, solid-phase extraction). The analytical determination is usually carried out by HPLC and spectrofluorometric detection, or through high-resolution capillary GC coupled to flame ionisation detection or mass spectrometry. LC is a valid alternative to the traditional sample preparation, and off-line LC-LC allows performing an accurate PAH analysis in less than 2 h. Also supercritical fluid extraction, allowing performing both extraction and clean-up in one combined step, is a promising technique. Hyphenated techniques such as LC-GC and LC-LC-GC seem to be very promising. A completely on-line method for alkylated PAH determination in oils or lipidic extracts contaminated with mineral oil involves a two-dimensional LC-step with intermediate eluent evaporation and GC transfer through a vaporiser/overflow interface.     

全二维气相色谱-四极杆质谱法检测植物油脂中脂肪酸

建立了植物油脂中31种脂肪酸成分的全二维气相色谱-四极杆质谱(GC×GC-qMS)分析方法。样品经甲酯化衍生后,以DB-1柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)作为一维柱、DB-Wax柱(3.2 m×0.1 mm×0.1 μm)作为二维柱组成柱系统进行分离,在调制周期为3.5 s、四极杆质量扫描范围为m/z 40～350的条件下,植物油脂中31种脂肪酸成分可以在50 min内得到准确和灵敏的检测。将本方法应用于实际样品的分析,灵敏度较传统的气相色谱-质谱法提高了100倍以上,一些植物油中微量的脂肪酸成分也因此被检出。该研究不仅为植物油中脂肪酸成分的分析提供了新的技术手段,同时对于确保食用植物油的质量安全、消除食用植物油的掺假伪劣等均有重要意义。     

Silver-phase high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry of triacylglycerols

Silver-phase chromatography hyphenated with on-line electrospray mass spectrometry can be applied to characterize triacylglycerols present in vegetable oils with respect to their degree of unsaturation, the position of the most unsaturated fatty acid and the carbon number (CN). The CN information obtained with silver-phase HPLC–ESP–mass spectrometry is complementary to the unsaturation information obtained by silver-phase HPLC-flame ionization detection. Both information is essential to monitor or study modified vegetable oils on the presence of non-natural triacylglycerols. The quantitative results obtained with the method are in agreement with the results obtained in the silver-phase HPLC-flame ionization detection and with theoretical values calculated from the fatty acid distribution of the oil. Silver-phase HPLC–ESP-mass spectrometry gives direct information on fatty acid position and triacylglycerol CN, for each of the triacylglycerols in the sample. This in contrast with non-aqueous reversed-phase HPLC hyphenated with on-line atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry, which requires a more extensive data processing. The results obtained with silver-phase HPLC–ESP-mass spectrometry can be presented in a three-dimensional overview (relative amount, CN, fatty acid position) serving as a fingerprint for the oil.     

Sample treatment and determination of pesticide residues in fatty vegetable matrices: A review

A demanding task in pesticide residue analysis is yet the development of multi-residue methods for the determination of pesticides in vegetables with relatively high fat content (i.e. edible oils and fatty vegetables). The separation of pesticides and other chemical contaminants from high-fat food samples prior to subsequent steps in the analytical process is yet a challenging issue to which much effort in method development has being applied. This review addresses the main sample treatment methodologies for pesticide residue analysis in fatty vegetable matrices. Even with the advent of advanced hyphenated techniques based on mass spectrometry these complex fatty matrices usually require extensive sample extraction and purification. Current methods involve the use of one or the combination of some of the following techniques for both the sample extraction and clean-up steps: liquid-liquid partitioning, solid-phase extraction (SPE), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), etc. An overview of methods developed for these contaminants in fatty vegetables matrices is presented. Sample extraction and purification techniques are discussed and their most recent applications are highlighted. This review emphasizes that sample preparation is a critical step, but also the determination method is, and cannot be treated separately from sample treatment. In recent years, the appearance and use of new, more polar pesticides has fostered the development of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) besides gas chromatography. The main features of LC-MS for the analysis of multi-class pesticides in fatty vegetable samples will be also underlined, with an emphasis on the multi-class, multi-residue strategy and the difficulties associated.