循环流化床(CFB)煤/焦气化反应的研究 Ⅰ.操作气速、固体循环速率对循环流化床气化反应的影响

报道了山西西山焦煤飞灰，在小型循环流化床气化反应器上，以二氧化碳为气化介质，在不同操作条件下（气速、固体循环速率）的气化反应。研究结果表明，ＣＯ出口浓度及碳转化率随着ＣＦＢ操作气速减小、固体颗粒循环速率的增加而增加。即在ＣＦＢ床中，提高气体、固体停留时间（床内固体颗粒浓度）有利于ＣＦＢ气化的进行。ＣＯ浓度及碳转化率沿床高的变化趋势与床内颗粒浓度分布一致。     

阻抑-催化褪色光度法测定痕量锑(Ⅲ)

１ 引 言 测定Ｓｂ（Ⅲ）有ＫＢｒＯ３－甲基橙褪色光度法、荧光酮衍生物光度法、Ｓｂ（Ⅲ）－乙基罗丹明Ｂ和Ｓｂ（Ⅲ）－甲基橙－溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）络合光度法等，但诸方法的ε为 １０４～１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，灵敏度不高，操作较烦。实验表明：碱性介质中，Ｓｂ（Ⅲ）能阻抑 ＣＴＭＡＢ催化结晶紫（ＣＶ）碱褪色反应，由此建立了阻抑－催化褪色光度法测定痕量锑（Ⅲ）新方法（ε５９０＝２．０× １０７Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１）。该方法灵敏度高，操作简便，重现性好。２ 实验部分２．１ 主要试剂与仪器 …     

反相高效液相色谱法测定食品中水溶性维生素的含量

采用反相色谱法同时测定食品中水溶性维生素（Ｖｉｔａｍｉｎ）Ｃ、Ｂ５、Ｂ６、Ｂ１、Ｂ２和Ｂ１２的含量，ＰＣ８１０／Ｓ２５０４（４．０ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍ，１０μｍ）柱，０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甲酸铵甲酸溶液（ｐＨ＝４．５，含０．４％二乙胺）＋甲醇（７５＋２５）为流动相，流速１ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ，ＵＶ２５４ｎｍ，１２ｍｉｎ内实现了良好分离，乙酰苯胺为内标物。苹果及强化奶粉中维生素平均回收率分别为９２．５０％～１０５．６０％和９５．００％～１０２．８０％，该法操作简便、迅速、可靠、测试费用低。     

维生素B的同时测定——神经网络与紫外光谱法

研究了反向传播神经网络（ＢＰＮＮ）及改进算法，经比较发现ＢＰＮＮ在某些方面优于滤波分辨及多元校正，将其应用于多元分析及光谱定量，可不经分离同时测定Ｂ族维生素，操作简便，结果良好，从而开发一种多组分同时光谱测定新方法。     

维生素B的同时测定─—神经网络与紫外光谱法

研究了反向传播神经网络（ＢＰＮＮ）及改进算法，经比较发现ＢＰＮＮ在某些方面优于滤波分辨及多元校正。将其应用于多元分析及光谱定量，可不经分离同时测定Ｂ族维生素，操作简便，结果良好。从而开发了一种多组分同时光谱测定新方法。     

植物生长激素的毛细管胶束电动色谱法分离

以高效毛细管胶束电动色谱法对赤霉素（ＧＡ）、脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）、吲哚丁酸（ＩＢＡ）、吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）、萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ）等植物生长激素的分离和测定进行了研究。考察了各种操作参数及有机添加剂对分离的影响,得到良好的分离结果。对各组分进行了定量测定研究,ＡＢＡ、ＧＡ、ＩＢＡ、ＩＡＡ及ＮＡＡ的最低检测浓度依次为５．０,３．０,０．５８,０．１５,０．１４ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

循环流化床（CFB）煤／焦气化反应的研究：I.操作气速,固体循环速率 …

报道了山西西山焦煤飞灰，在小型循环流化床气化反应器，以二氧化碳为气化介质，在不同操作条件下（气速，固体循环速率）的气化反应，研究结果表明，ＣＯ出口浓度及碳转化率随着ＣＦＢ操作气速减小，固体颗粒循环速率的增加而增加，即在ＣＦＢ床中，提高气体，固体停留时间（床内固体颗粒浓度）有利于ＣＦＢ气化的进行，ＣＯ浓度及碳转化率沿床高的变化趋势与床内颗粒浓度分布一致。     

BaFClxGBr1—X：Sm体系的热释发光及其归属讨论

通过对ＢａＦＣｌｘＢｒ１－ｘ：Ｓｍ（０≤ｘ≤１）体系热释发光的研究，发现前人对ＢａＦＸ（Ｘ＝Ｃｌ，Ｂｒ）晶体热释发光的归属有误。结合多种技术的研究给出了正确的归属：ＢａＦＣｌｘＢｒ１－ｘ：Ｓｍ的第一、二、三个热释峰分别归属于Ｆ（Ｆ＾－），Ｆ（Ｃｌ＾－）和Ｆ（Ｂｒ＾－）心；ＢａＦＸ晶体的第一、二个热释峰分别归于Ｆ（Ｆ＾－）和Ｆ（Ｘ＾－）心。论证了结果的正确性，并分析了前人归属错误的可能原因。     

联氨在d—过渡金属配合物的MTP（о—NO2）TBP修饰石墨电…

研究了Ｎ２Ｈ４在间－四（邻－硝基苯基）四苯并卟啉铁（Ⅲ）、钴（Ⅱ）、锌（Ⅱ）和镍（Ⅱ）配合物［ＭＴＰ（о－ＮＯ２）ＴＢＰ，简称ＭＴＢＰ］修饰石墨电极上的催化电氧化反应，测得该系列金属四苯并卟啉的催化活性的顺序为Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）ＴＢＰ＞ＣｌＦｅ（Ⅲ）ＴＢＰ＞Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）ＴＢＰ＞Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）ＴＢＰ≈石墨，考察了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）ＴＢＰ和ＣｌＦｅ（Ⅲ）ＴＢＰ催化联氨电氧化反应的动力学过程。结果表明，ＯＨ＾－和Ｎ２Ｈ４在Ｃ     

同时测定食用植物油中抗氧剂叔丁基对羟基茴香醚和2，6－二叔丁基对甲酚的方法

报道了用高效液用色谱法同时测定食用植物油中的抗氧剂叔丁基对羟基茴香醚（ＢＨＡ）和２，６－二叔丁基对甲酚（ＢＨＴ）的实验方法。采用ＺｏｒｂａｘＯＤＳＣ_（１８）色谱住，甲醇：水（９０：１０，Ｖ／Ｖ）作流动相，检测波长为２４５ｎｍ，流速为１ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ。检测下限分别为１５ｎｇ（ＢＨＡ），９０ｎｇ（ＢＨＴ），回收率分别是９６．８％±９．８％（ＢＨＡ），９９．０％±３．２％（ＢＨＴ）。方法快速、准确，灵敏度高。     

Effects of the nature and composition of the solvent on the thermodynamic characteristics of the individual forms of hydrogen adsorbed on the surface of porous nickel

The effects of the nature and composition of solvents on the thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption states of hydrogen on nickel were studied. The adsorption can be described in terms of the thermodynamic model of a surface with a discrete nonhomogeneity for three individual forms of adsorbed hydrogen. The thermodynamic characteristics of the individual forms of hydrogen adsorbed on porous nickel from aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, dimethylformamide, methanol, and ethanol were determined.     

The effects of the charge density and structure of the polymer on the dye-binding characteristics of some cationic polyelectrolytes

The interaction of various structurally different water-soluble cationic polyelectrolytes with methyl orange, an anionic dye, has been studied. The changes in the UV-Vis spectra of methyl orange in the presence of methyl and benzyl quaternized polyvinylpyridines and trialkylammonium and triphenylphosphonium salts of polyvinylbenzyl chloride have been used to investigate the effect of the structure on the dye-binding characteristics of the polycations. The results are interpreted in the light of a simple theory of cooperative binding to a linear lattice. The extent of binding of the dye aggregates on the polymers has been calculated. The binding ability of the above-mentioned polyelectrolytes has been found to depend on the nature of the substituent on the polycation. The contribution of the coulombic forces on binding of the dye by these polymers has been emphasized. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Influence of the structure of the alcoholic modifier on the enantioselective separation of nadolol

The influence of the structure of the alcoholic modifier of the mobile phase on the liquid chromatographic separation of the optical isomers of nadolol on a Pirkle-type chiral stationary phase was investigated. The isomers were separated as their chiral 1-naphthylureides on a column consisting of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl- -leucine covalently bound to 3-μm aminopropylsilica, using an eluent consisting of n-hexane modified with an alcohol. A number of straight-chain, branched and unsaturated alcohols with carbon numbers ranging from 1 to 8 were evaluated. The choice of alcohol influenced both retention and selectivity, with optimum stereoselectivity being observed for C₃. The alcoholic modifiers selectively affected the retention and resolution of the two pairs of enantiomers that constitute nadolol. Thus chromatograms displaying two, three or four peaks could be obtained, depending on which modifier was employed. The best separation of all four isomers was achieved with ethanol as the modifier.     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shifts of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by means of PMR spectroscopy. The dipolar and uncharged hydroxy forms exist in equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium in the case of 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was investigated. The possibility of the separate protonation of the ring nitrogen and the side-chain nitrogen in 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in 4-hydroxyisoquinoline is in good agreement with its chemical behavior.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1546–1549, November, 1971     

Study of the influence of the graphite powder particle size on the structure of the Sonogel-Carbon materials

In this paper, the influence of carbon particles size on structure and on electrochemical and physical properties of the Sonogel-Carbon electrodes, with respect to Sonogel materials without graphite, have been studied. The materials have been characterized electrochemical and structurally; several Sonogel-Carbon materials were synthesized using different types of graphite powder as massive modifiers, adding in some cases other modifiers, such as octadecyl (C18) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG). Differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry were the voltammetric techniques employed to evaluate the electrochemical behaviour; Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy were the techniques employed to realize the superficial/structural characterization of the materials. The results obtained in both studies were very useful to explain the structure of the Sonogel-Carbon materials. Furthermore, they allowed to conclude that electrodes based on RW-B and UF graphites show very similar electrochemical behaviours and internal structures.     

Peculiarities of the formation of polyacrylamide compound-based polyelectrolyte complexes in the course of the flocculation of clay-salt dispersions

Peculiarities of the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes based on cationic and anionic copolymers of acrylamide having different macromolecule charge densities on the surfaces of kaolin particles in highly concentrated salt solution are investigated. The interactions of the copolymers with the clay particle surface and with each other are studied by electrokinetic and IR spectroscopy methods. The rheological properties of kaolin suspensions are investigated in a salt solution in the presence of the polyelectrolytes. The flocculation ability of the polyelectrolytes and their binary mixtures with respect to clay-salt dispersion is estimated. The mechanism for the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes on the surface of clay particles is discussed. It is shown that the complexation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes on the surfaces of clay particles intensifies the flocculation of clay-salt dispersions.     

The influence of the natures of the solvent and coion on the properties of ion-exchange systems

The influence of the coion and the ratio between the water-acetone binary solvent components on cation and anion exchange on sulfo-and aminostyrene ion exchangers with a medium degree of cross-linking were studied. The dependence of selectivity coefficients on the degree of ionite filling by the desired component was found to vary substantially as the composition of the solvent and the radius of the cation changed.     

有机磷化合物的研究 XXV: 溶剂性质对烯丙在膦酸酯碳阴离子和芳醛反应区域选择性的影响

本文研究烯丙基膦酸二乙酯碳阴离子和苯甲醛, 对甲基苯甲醛的反应, 考察了溶剂对反应区域选择性的影响.     

分子模拟在高性能聚合物纤维力学性能研究中应用

聚合物力学性能取决于单个分子链的力学性质和分子链聚集形态。综述了通过分子模拟研究高度取向的液晶高分子纤维的微观力学行为,从微观角度揭示聚合物力学性能的本质,解释其力学破坏的结构因素。     

The Effect of the Anion of the Salt Background of the Aqueous Phase on the Extraction of Germanium (IV) 8-Hydroxyquinolinate

Abstract

The effect of the anion of the salt background of the aqueous phase on the extraction of the 8-oxyquinolinate of germanium has been investigated The anion effect is associated with the change in ionization constants and distribution of 8-oxyquinoline The degree of anion influence depends on the reagent concentration.