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1.
 研究了深黄被孢霉催化转化十六醇合成不饱和脂肪酸过程中反应条件对底物转化率及产物选择性的影响.结果表明,亚油酸的选择性随十六醇与酵母膏比例(碳氮比)的增大而升高,亚麻酸的选择性随碳氮比的增大而降低,油脂的选择性和油脂的产率随碳氮比的变化规律相似.十六醇浓度为0.5%时,油脂的选择性、产率及醇的转化率最高,亚油酸和亚麻酸的选择性也最高.油脂的选择性和产率在pH=7时较高,而醇的转化率随pH升高而降低,亚油酸和亚麻酸的选择性在pH=6时分别达到最大值.油脂的选择性、产率和醇的转化率在23~28℃达到较高水平,亚油酸和亚麻酸的选择性在23℃达到最大值.油酸的选择性对油脂的选择性有重要影响,二者的变化规律相似.  相似文献   

2.
微波辅助的金属氯化物Lewis酸催化纤维素水解   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
研究了微波辐射下四种金属氯化物Lewis酸的催化纤维素酸水解反应性能,发现CuCl2的催化性能最好。反应温度、反应时间、微波功率、催化剂用量和酸种类对纤维素水解转化率、葡萄糖和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)的选择性均有明显影响。与传统热反应相比,微波辐射明显加快纤维素酸水解速率,提高葡萄糖的选择性。0.5g纤维素和15g水,在微波功率800W,温度到达225℃时立即停止反应的条件下,当CuCl2用量为0.05mmol时,纤维素转化率和葡萄糖选择性达72.6%和62.3%;当CuCl2用量为0.15mmol时,5-HMF的选择性最高为13.2%;当CuCl2用量为0.30mmol时,纤维素的转化率高达90.6%,但葡萄糖选择性只有6.7%。  相似文献   

3.
研制了一种CO2加氢制甲醇用高活性和高选择性催化剂Cu-ZnO-Al2O3(简记为RK-11),测定了其催化性能.结果表明,当原料气组成(体积分数)为68.5%H2、2.0%CO、20.5%CO2、9.0%N2,温度为240℃,气体时空速度GHSV=6 000h-1,压力为8.0MPa时,CO2转化率达35.2%,CO转化率达39.8%,甲醇的时空产率达686.1g/(L·h),而甲醇在产物中的选择性达99.3%.  相似文献   

4.
纤维素超临界水预处理与水解研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用超临界水解工艺进行生物质废弃物(秸秆)能源转化, 使其主要成分纤维素在超临界水中快速水解为低聚糖, 为其进一步葡萄糖转化和乙醇发酵解决技术瓶颈. 其中纤维素在超临界水中的溶解是预处理与水解过程的限速步骤. 研究表明, 反应温度达到380 ℃及以上时, 纤维素可迅速溶解并进行水解, 液化比例可达100%; 在374~386 ℃范围内反应温度对纤维素的转化率有明显作用, 低聚糖和六碳糖的总产率在临界点附近出现最大值. 超临界条件下, 低聚糖和六碳糖转化率在较短反应时间内出现峰值, 而后随反应时间的延长快速下降, 固液比对于纤维素的低聚糖和六碳糖转化也有显著影响. 最优水解条件研究显示, 在380 ℃, 40 mg纤维素/2.5 mL水条件下反应16 s可获得最大的低聚糖产率, 为29.3%, 在380 ℃, 80 mg纤维素/2.5 mL水条件下反应18 s可获得最大的六碳糖产率, 为39.2%.  相似文献   

5.
离子液体催化甲苯选择性羰基化反应合成对甲基苯甲醛   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 考察了卤化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑氯铝酸盐类室温离子液体对甲苯选择性羰基化反应合成对甲基苯甲醛的催化性能. 采用乙腈探针红外光谱法测定了离子液体的酸类型(Brnsted/Lewis酸),并指示了离子液体的Lewis酸强度. 研究了离子液体的酸强度、反应温度、反应时间和CO压力的影响. 结果发现,该类离子液体对甲苯选择性羰基化反应的催化活性明显高于传统的B-L复合液体酸类和固体超强酸类催化剂; 使用离子液体催化剂显著地提高了甲苯选择性羰基化合成对甲基苯甲醛的产率,简化了产物与催化剂的分离. 当控制反应温度为50 ℃, CO压力为4.0 MPa, 反应时间为4 h时, [bmim]Br/AlCl3催化甲苯的转化率可达96%,目标产物对甲基苯甲醛的产率达86%.  相似文献   

6.
氯苄双羰化合成苯丙酮酸新型催化剂吡啶-2-羧酸钴 研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李光兴  蔡华强  张雄 《化学学报》2001,59(8):1306-1309
实验发现吡啶-2-羧酸钴是氯苄双羰化合成苯丙酮的新颖催化剂。在水和1,4-二氧六环混合溶剂中,当T=353K,p=2.4mPa,V(H2O):V(dioxane)=1:1.1,氧化钙与氯苄克分子比为1.00,氯苄与吡啶-2-羰酸钴的摩尔比为1:0.05时,氯苄转化率为74.5%,选择性达99%,苯丙酮酸产率为73.8%。研究了反应条件对苯丙酮酸产率和选择性的影响,并使用IR,UV,GC-MS等对产物进行了测定。  相似文献   

7.
制备了一系列不同离子交换的多孔氧化硅层柱磷酸锆,利用N2吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜和吡啶吸附红外光谱等方法对材料的结构和酸性进行了表征,并应用于β-蒎烯与多聚甲醛的Prins缩合反应合成诺卜醇.结果发现,层柱磷酸锆对此反应具有优异的催化性能,锌离子的引入可进一步提高诺卜醇的选择性,从而得到更高的诺卜醇产率,于80℃反应4 h后β-蒎烯的转化率为91%,诺卜醇产率达到83%.酸性表征结果表明,诺卜醇产率与催化剂表面Lewis酸(L酸)性位的数目以及L酸位/B酸位的比值密切相关.该催化剂还具有较好的重复利用性能,反应5次后产率仅下降12%.催化剂的失活可能是由于酸性位被积碳覆盖所致.  相似文献   

8.
FCC汽油催化裂解生产低碳烯烃的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用小型固定流化床实验装置研究了催化裂化(FCC)汽油在专门开发的多产低碳烯烃催化剂上的裂解性能。研究表明,反应温度对原料转化率、总低碳烯烃产率的影响最大,剂油比和水油比对低碳烯烃的产率影响较小,而随着重时空速的增大,总低碳烯烃产率略有降低;确定了FCC汽油催化裂解制低碳烯烃的实验室最优反应条件,即反应温度、剂油比、重时空速和水油比分别为660℃、12、15h-1和0.8。根据反应条件与裂解产物的关系提出了催化裂解反应深度函数,并建立裂解产物产率与催化裂解反应深度函数之间的关联模型。随催化裂解反应深度函数的增加,乙烯产率持续增加,而丙烯和丁烯产率出现最大值,利用此模型可以对产物产率进行预测。  相似文献   

9.
钼钒磷杂多化合物过氧化氢体系催化饱和烃的羟化反应   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
研究了钼钒磷杂多化合物过氧化氢体系对环己烷、正己烷和正戊烷羟化的催化性能,环己烷氧化物产率为33.5%,醇的选择性达73%;正戊烷氧化物产率为23.5%,酮的选择性达78.5%。  相似文献   

10.
生物质热裂解气中模型化合物萘的催化转化研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在常压连续流动固定床反应器上, 以Ni-Pt/Al2O3为催化剂, 研究了水蒸气含量及反应温度对萘的催化转化反应性能的影响。实验发现,反应温度的升高不仅可以提高萘的转化率和CO、H2的产率, 而且可以改善CO的选择性, 但H2的选择性和积碳量降低;随着水蒸气含量的升高,萘的转化率、H2的产率以及H2的选择性均得到提高,但CO的产率和选择性、积碳量有所下降。此外, 随水蒸气含量的升高副产物苯的浓度增大,在反应温度为700 ℃左右时苯的浓度出现极大值。  相似文献   

11.
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.  相似文献   

12.
Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.  相似文献   

13.
A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.  相似文献   

14.
The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion.  相似文献   

15.
KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.  相似文献   

16.
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.  相似文献   

17.
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.  相似文献   

18.
N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).  相似文献   

19.
An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y1 and Y2. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.  相似文献   

20.
A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.  相似文献   

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