卟啉多孔化合物的合成及其在光电免疫传感器中的应用

构建了以卟啉多孔化合物-金纳米颗粒(Au NPs@PAF)为固定基质的无标记型C-反应蛋白(CRP)光电免疫传感器。在最优条件下,采用计时电流法实现了对CRP的定量检测。该传感器在CRP质量浓度0.05～60 ng/mL范围内与光电流有较好的线性关系,检出限为0.017 ng/mL,相关系数为0.994 6,平均回收率为102%,具有良好的选择性,为C-反应蛋白的检测提供了一种灵敏的方法。     

基于硫化镍的C-反应蛋白免疫传感器的研制

本文合成了负载金纳米颗粒(Au NPs)的NiS纳米材料,通过壳聚糖(CHIT)将其固定在玻碳电极表面作为电化学生物传感器的固定基质。将C-反应蛋白(CRP)抗体固定到修饰过的玻碳电极表面,利用二茂铁甲酸标记CRP抗体,构建夹心型CRP生物传感器。采用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)检测标记物二茂铁甲酸在0.3V左右的特征峰信号,该电流与培育的CRP抗原量成正比,从而实现对CRP的定量检测。传感器检测CRP的线性范围为0.01~500ng/mL,线性相关系数为0.9939,检测限为3.3pg/mL。     

背景荧光猝灭-免疫层析法检测C-反应蛋白

采用背景荧光猝灭-免疫层析法(b FQICA),基于双抗体夹心法原理,将合适浓度的捕获抗体、示踪抗体分别固定在试纸条和微孔内,层析时与样本形成抗体-抗原-抗体的夹心结构,建立了一种操作简便、灵敏度高、抗干扰性强且能快速定量检测C-反应蛋白(CRP)的方法.结果表明,CRP在0.0~100.0 ng/m L浓度范围内与相对荧光强度值(F1/F2)呈现良好的相关性,最低检出限为0.0939 ng/m L,加标回收率为87.69%~111.0%,检测3批试剂的批间和批内相对标准偏差均小于15%,与降钙素原(PCT,20.0 ng/m L)及人血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA,10.0μg/m L)均无交叉反应.采用该方法与免疫透射比浊法同时测定41例临床血清样本,检测结果相关性良好(r=0.9585,P0.01),2种方法无显著性差异(P0.05).     

基于金纳米颗粒/碳化氮-金属有机框架材料Cd-MOFs-74的C-反应蛋白免疫传感器的研制

基于金纳米颗粒/碳化氮(Au NPs@C_3N_4)与多孔有机框架材料Cd-MOF-74,构建了一种新的夹心型免疫传感器用于C-反应蛋白(CRP)的定量检测。以导电率强的Au NPs@C_3N_4材料为基底,固定CRP抗体(anti-CRP),以提高传感器的灵敏度。同时棒状的多孔材料Cd-MOF-74中含有大量的Cd~(2+),以此作为信号源可以放大检测信号,进一步提高传感器的灵敏度。使用构建的免疫传感器,采用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)于0.01 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=7.4)中检测Cd~(2+)的信号,可实现CRP的定量检测。当CRP含量在0.1～100 ng/mL之间,响应电流强度随CRP抗原浓度的增大而呈线性增高。该夹心型免疫传感器选择性好,灵敏度高,检出限(S/N=3)低至33.3 pg/mL,同标准试剂盒相比检测下限降低了3个数量级。构建的免疫传感器在与CRP相关的疾病监测应用中显示出应用前景。     

基于Pd/COF-LZU1非标记型C-反应蛋白免疫传感器的研制

采用溶剂热法, 通过有机单体合成了一种亚胺键连接的共价有机框架材料(COF-LZU1); 在常温常压条件下, 通过后合成的方法将贵金属钯(Ⅱ)引入到COF材料中, 合成了复合材料Pd/COF-LZU1, 该材料具有优良的催化性能. 利用Pd/COF-LZU1多孔复合材料将C-反应蛋白(CRP)抗体(anti-CRP)固定在玻碳电极表面, 构建了一种非标记型CRP免疫传感器. 当抗体与抗原发生免疫反应时, 形成的免疫复合物会阻碍电化学探针[Fe(CN)₆]^4-/3-的电子传递, 降低其响应电流, 从而实现CRP的快速检测. 采用交流阻抗和差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)考察了免疫传感器的电化学特性, 同时考察了测试底液的pH值、 抗原培育时间和抗体固定浓度等实验条件对传感器性能的影响. 在最优的实验条件下, 采用DPV法对CRP进行检测的线性范围为5~180 ng/mL, 检出限为1.66 ng/mL, 线性相关系数为0.992.     

基于纳米铂-单壁碳纳米管-壳聚糖的癌胚抗原电化学阻抗型免疫传感研究

将单壁碳纳米管-壳聚糖的复合材料(SWCNTs-CS)滴涂在玻碳电极后,采用恒电位沉积的方法在SWCNTs-CS上生成纳米铂,形成Pt NPs-SWCNTsCS复合物后用以固定癌胚抗原抗体(anti-CEA)制成免疫传感界面,在癌胚抗原(CEA)的存在下,在电极表面形成抗原-抗体免疫复合物,以[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-作为混合探针电解质,构建一种简单灵敏无标记的阻抗型免疫分析方法。随着固定CEA量增加,传感器上传递电子的能力下降导致阻抗值增大,且CEA浓度在0.010~12 ng/m L范围时,与阻抗值呈现出良好的线性关系,线性方程为△Retohm=(831.3±17.8)cCEA(ng/m L)+(885.8±95.1)(R2=0.997),检测限为4.2 pg/m L(S/N=3)。该免疫传感器具有良好的稳定性和选择性,回收率在95.0%~108.6%,可初步用于临床对CEA的检测。     

基于自增强Ru(Ⅱ)复合物构建的新型电致化学发光免疫传感器检测甲胎蛋白

该文将共反应试剂L-精氨酸(L-Arg)和发光试剂羧基化联吡啶钌Ru(dcbpy)2+3合成一个自增强的钌复合物(Ru(Ⅱ)@L-Arg),结合金纳米笼(Au NCs)颗粒比表面积大、导电性能优良等优点,制备了灵敏的电致化学发光免疫传感器用于甲胎蛋白(AFP)浓度的检测。免疫传感器表面采用Nafion分散巯基化的碳纳米管进行修饰,通过Au-S键成功引入空心纳米金颗粒(HGNPs),从而将抗体固定在电极表面。以AFP为模型,该传感器显示出高的灵敏度和良好的稳定性,线性范围为1.0×10-5~1.0×10-3ng/m L,检出限(S/N=3)为3.3 fg/m L。     

苝二酰亚胺衍生物-聚苯胺-氮化碳非标记型C-反应蛋白免疫传感器的研制

本文以苝二酰亚胺衍生物(PDI)-聚苯胺(PANI)-氮化碳(C_3N_4)复合材料为电化学活性物质和基底材料构建了一种非标记型免疫传感器用于C反应蛋白(CRP)的定量检测。首先,将带有氨基的PDI与PANI结合,然后,加入羧基化的C_3N_4形成复合材料PDI-PANI-C_3N_4,提高了材料的导电性。本文所构建的免疫传感器采用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)于PBS(pH 7.4)中定量检测CRP,无需在溶液中加入其他电活性物质。当CRP抗体和抗原在电极表面特异性结合后,能够阻碍电流的传导,其响应电流会随着结合的CRP抗原的量增多而降低,由此实现CRP实时快速的检测。本实验对CRP抗体浓度、培育时间对免疫传感器的影响进行探究,在最优检测条件下,CRP抗原浓度与响应电流呈线性关系,线性范围为5～200 ng·mL~(-1),检测下限为1.66 ng·mL~(-1)。同时,该免疫传感器在面对多种干扰物时,具有良好的抗干扰能力。     

金纳米簇信号放大的电化学免疫传感器

通过抗原抗体的特异性识别作用以及金纳米簇(AuNCs)探针和金标银染的双重信号放大作用,构建了一种新的电化学免疫传感器,对人的免疫球蛋白(IgG)进行了检测。受贻贝分泌的黏附蛋白启示,首先将聚多巴胺薄膜修饰在铟锡氧化物电极(ITO)上,并对一抗抗体进行固定,通过观察电化学阻抗的变化来监控免疫传感器的构建过程。将待检测的IgG抗原组装在该电极上并与AuNCs标记的二抗反应,最后经银染反应,用溶出伏安法对IgG的含量进行定量检测,其灵敏度达到0.5 ng/L。该方法可应用于实际血清样品中IgG含量的测定。     

基于HRP-H_2O_2-OPDA发光体系的流感病毒H1N1酶联免疫传感器

制备了一种基于HRP-H_2O_2-OPDA发光体系的流感病毒H1N1酶联免疫传感器。利用流感病毒H1N1表面的HA(血球凝集素)蛋白与糖蛋白能有效结合的特性,选择辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)作为生物标记物直接标记在流感病毒的表面,HRP能有效催化H_2O_2-邻苯二胺(OPDA)体系产生灵敏的显色反应和荧光效应。实验对HRP孵化时间、H_2O_2-OPDA催化反应时间等参数进行了优化。结果表明,该酶联免疫传感器对流感病毒H1N1检测的动态响应范围为0.0001~0.5μg/m L,检出限为50 pg/m L(3σ)。其他亚型病毒和干扰蛋白对该传感器的干扰较小,表现出良好的选择性。所构建的方法可为其它流感病毒及其它抗原的检测提供参考。     

On‐Off PVC Membrane Based Potentiometric Immunosensor for Label‐Free Detection of Alpha‐Fetoprotein

A poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) membrane based potentiometric immunosensor for the direct detection of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) has been developed. First, Au colloid particle was chemisorbed upon amino groups of o‐phenylenediamine, which were dissolved in plasticized PVC membrane. Then alpha‐fetoprotein antibody (anti‐AFP) was immobilized upon the surface of the Au colloid particle to prepare a potentiometric AFP immunosensor. The Au colloid particle modified PVC membrane was characterized by digital photo and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The immunosensor exhibited fast potentiometric response (≤4 min) and showed specific response to AFP in the range of 4.9 to 158.5 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9971 and a detection limit of 1.6 ng/mL. The factors influencing the performance of the immunosensor were also studied in detail. Moreover, the proposed method is economical and efficient as well as potentially attractive for clinical immunoassays.     

A competitive microcystin-LR immunosensor based on Au NPs@metal-organic framework (MIL-101)

A porous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) material (MIL-101) based on trivalent chromium skeleton were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method, and loaded with Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) to prepare Au NPs@MIL-101 composite materials which were used as a marker to label anti microcystin-LR (Anti-MC-LR). The composite materials have strong catalytic properties to the oxidation of ascorbic acid. Anti-MC-LR was immobilized on glassy carbon electrode surface using electrodeposition graphene oxide (GO) as a fixed matrix to construct a competitive microcystin-LR immunosensor.     

Portable smartphone-based microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein in human serum

Rapid and accurate tracing of biomarkers is essential for early detecting and diagnosing of cancer. Therefore, a valid and convenient strategy needs to be developed for efficient monitoring of cancer biomarkers. Herein, we constructed a portable microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor based on three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3D rGO) doped with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for ultrasensitive determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The designed microfluidic chip, with the advantages of small injection volume, detachable structure and high integration, was fabricated by 3D printing, which only needed 9 μL of reagent to realize the high sensitivity detection. In addition, the 3D Au NPs-rGO composites with high specific surface area and electrons transfer capacity can effectively increase electroactive sites and enhance electrochemical signals. Benefiting from these features, the 3D Au NPs-rGO microfluidic electrochemical immunochip showed a wide detection range between 0.1 pg/mL–200 ng/mL and a best detection limit of 0.045 pg/mL with the high sensitivity of 175.008 μA (ng/mL)⁻¹ cm⁻². Meanwhile, the proposed immunosensor exhibited reliable AFP detection in human serum samples, which demonstrated that this portable smartphone-based microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor hold great promises in clinical detection and huge potential in personalized healthcare.     

Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor of carcinoembryonic antigen based on gold-label silver-stain signal amplification

A novel gold-label silver-stain electrochemical immunosensor based on polythionine-gold nanoparticles (PTh-Au NPs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as a platform and secondary antibody labeled Au NPs (Ab₂-Au NPs) as immumoprobe for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection. The sandwich-type biosensor adopted anodic stripping voltammetry to detect silver stripping signal when the Ab₂-Au NPs of the formed immunocomplexes were stained with silver.     

基于酶催化沉积质量放大的压电免疫传感器的研究

提出了一种酶催化沉积质量放大的高灵敏压电免疫传感器. 采用1,6-二巯基己烷在石英晶振上自组装一单分子层, 再通过另一端巯基连接胶体金, 利用胶体金的高比表面积和强吸附作用力增加抗IgG抗体的固定量, 同时借助胶体金优良的生物亲和性保持抗IgG抗体的活性. 在H2O2存在下, 通过标记在抗人IgG抗体上的HRP酶催化底物DAB(3,3′-联苯二胺), 反应中生成的不溶性产物沉积到石英晶振的Au电极表面, 达到质量放大的目的. 结果表明, 检测人IgG在16 ng/mL-100 μg/mL范围内有很好的线性关系, 检测下限为10 ng/mL, 在用于实际试样的回收率测定中, 结果良好.     

Amperometric Immunosensor for the Determination of α‐1‐Fetoprotein Based on Core‐Shell‐Shell Prussian Blue‐BSA‐Nanogold Functionalized Interface

In the present work, a newly functional nanoparticle has been prepared to immobilize the protein for the detection of α‐1‐fetoprotein (AFP). Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticle was initially synthesized under ultrasonic condition, then bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to coat the PB nanoparticle to improve the stability of the PB nanoparticle as well as functionalize the surface of PB nanoparticle, and then gold colloids were loaded on the BSA‐coated PB nanoparticle to construct a core‐shell‐shell nanostructure via the conjunction of thiolate linkages or alkylamines of the BSA. Finally, a convenient, effective and sensitivity amperometric immunosensor for the detection of α‐1‐fetoprotein (AFP) was constructed by the employment of these functional core‐shell‐shell microspheres. The preparation of the nanoparticle (Au‐BSA‐PB NPs) was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the assembly of the biosensor was characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The dynamic range of the resulted immunosensor for the detection of AFP is from 0.02 ng/mL to 200.0 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.006 ng/mL (S/N=3). Moreover, this biosensor displays good selectivity, stability and reproducibility.     

Improved electrochemical immunosensor for myeloperoxidase in human serum based on nanogold/cerium dioxide-BMIMPF6/L-Cysteine composite film

An electrochemical immunosensing assay for myeloperoxidase (MPO) determination in human serum has been developed. Firstly, L-Cysteine was initially electropolymerized on an Au electrode to form L-Cysteine film. After that cerium dioxide (CeO2) dispersed in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) were immobilized on the L-Cysteine film. Then the negatively charged nanogold particles were adsorbed onto the membrane via the positive charge of CeO2, which aimed at assembling more antibody of MPO (anti-MPO). The resulting immunosensor showed a high sensitivity, broad linear response to the MPO concentration comprised between 10 ng/mL and 400 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.06 ng/mL. Moreover, the surface morphology of the electrode was studied by means of a scanning electron microscope and the electrochemical properties of the fabricated immunosensor were further characterized by cyclic voltammetry. Also, factors influencing the performance of the resulting immunosensors were studied in detail.     

Quantitative determinations of SiC and SiO2 in new ceramic materials by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

In this paper, we have critically evaluated the electrochemical behavior of the products of seven substrates of the enzyme label, alkaline phosphate, commonly used in electrochemical immunosensors. These products (and the corresponding substrates) include indigo carmine (3-indoyl phosphate), hydroquinone (hydroquinone diphosphate), 4-nitrophenol (4-nitrophenol phosphate), 4-aminophenol (p-aminophenyl phosphate), 1-naphthol (1-naphthyl phosphate), phenol (phenyl phosphate), and L-ascorbic acid (2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid). Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry of these products were carried out at glassy carbon (GC), screen-printed carbon (SPC) and gold (Au) electrodes, respectively. Among the products, L-ascorbic acid showed the most sensitive (24.8 microA cm(-2), 12.0 microA cm(-2), and 48.0 microA cm(-2) of 100 microM ascorbic acid at GC, SPC, and Au electrodes, respectively) and well-defined amperometric response at all electrodes used, making 2-phospho-l-ascorbic acid the best substrate in electrochemical detection involving an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme label. The 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid is also commercially available and inexpensive. Therefore, it was the best choice for electrochemical detection using ALP as label. Using mouse IgG as a model, an ALP enzyme-amplified sandwich-type amperometric immunosensor was constructed. The immunosensor was designed by electropolymerization of o-aminobenzoic acid (o-ABA) conductive polymer on the surface of GC, SPC, and Au electrodes. The anti-mouse IgG was subsequently attached on the electrode surface through covalent bonding between IgG antibody and the carboxyl groups from poly(o-ABA). Using 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid as a substrate, the poly(o-ABA)/Au immunosensor produced the best signal (about 297 times of current density response ratio between 1000 ng mL(-1) and 0 ng mL(-1) of mouse IgG), demonstrating that amperometric immunosensors based on a conducting polymer electrode system were sensitive to concentrations of the mouse IgG down to 1 ng mL(-1), with a linear range of 3-200 ng mL(-1) (S.D.<2; n=3), and very low non-specific adsorption.