铝氟联合中毒暨铝引起少儿钙磷铁锌生物有效利用不良综合征

对某村普查筛出的铝氟联合中毒病人及高氟,高氟铝、高铝的实验种鸡进行动态研究。结果表明,氟含量〉４０＊１０＾－６的主食玉米促成了一般摄铝浓度人群的铝吸收和蓄积,饲铝超过一般浓度１－４倍的童鸡便有肝、肾铝蓄积、骨铝反而显著下降,但均出现低龄人群和实验动物的高钙血和高骨矿性骨营养不良软化,高全血磷的ＡＴＰ生成减少,全血铁增高的缺铁性小细胞性贫血,低锌症,智能和体能下等钙磷铁锌生物有 良和低素质综合症,随     

鸡铝氟联合作用--铁与骨矿化和矿物元素的关系

为探讨铝氟联合作用时铁与矿物代谢的关系,在鸡铝氟病及铝危害模型基础上对全血铁和骨铁用 AAS法进行了检测.结果表明,性成熟前各实验组全血铁均升高,但以加氟组更为明显;性成熟后饲料加入氟化物的 3个组全血铁仍高于对照,未加的另3个组则低于或接近对照组.骨铁含量均有所下降.饲氟、骨氟、骨铝与全血铁有明显正相关(P＜0.2)或显著正相关(P＜0.05),与骨铁有明显负相关,差异均有显著或非常明显(P＜0.1) 意义.全血铁与全血钙、镁、磷,骨灰化率、骨矿含量、平均骨壁厚度、骨矿沉积率均呈显著正相关.骨铁与骨钙、镁呈显著或明显负相关,与成骨细胞指数、破骨细胞指数、类骨质体积呈明显或非常显著(P＜0.01)负相关,与骨单位吸收周期呈明显正相关.全血铁与骨铁呈明显负相关.提示,全血与骨骼铁代谢是能分离又相对应的体系,可能有相互平衡、调节和补偿作用.铁不仅是血红蛋白的必需成分,还与骨矿化和骨细胞及矿物元素有密切关系.     

铝和铝氟病鸡模型全血骨元素和血清生化骨矿含量骨形态学的相关研究

复制了铝危害和铝氟病鸡模型。将100日龄84只雄性种鸡随机分为7个组,毒物加进配合饲料自由摄食,实验3个月。结果表明,高铝、高氟、高氟铝组在实验3周内全血多种元素和7周内的血清生化物质含量及其相关性便发生显著变化,实验13周性成熟后出现逆转并接近正常。均引骨骼元素含量、骨细胞、骨胶元、骨组织形态、骨矿代谢、骨塑形和骨骼力学机能的病理变化。性成熟后饲料加氟与未加氟各3个组的全血铁、磷、血清钙、GRT才出现分异,并与骨矿代谢动态参数的分异相吻合。表晨本实验性成熟前诸多病变主要是铝危害引起。铝可较长期使全血锌和和骨锌含量下降。全血元素含量和相关性的变化是受机体内环境影响较大的动态变化过程。骨代谢联系着广泛的生物无机化学基础。性成熟后高氟、高氟铝、高铝的危害尚有各自的特点。     

高氟铝和铝引起低龄鸡骨发育不全

进行了高氟铝和铝对低龄鸡骨损害的实验。５７日龄鸡９６只随机分为８组,毒物加进饲料,实验期３个月。结果表明,各高氟、高氟铝组骨氟均数倍于对照组,低铝组骨氟显著升高;单饲ＮａＦ组骨铝增高近３倍,高氟铝组骨氟比ＮａＦ组和病区玉米组低１／３以上,骨铝低约５０％;单饲铝达对照４～２１倍的骨铝与对照组接近。饲氟与骨氟ｒ＝０．７７,与骨铝ｒ＝０．６５;饲铝与骨铝ｒ＝－０．４６,与骨氟ｒ＝－０．５３;骨氟与骨铝ｒ     

高氟铝暨铝引起性发育前人和动物高钙及高骨矿性骨软化

对铝氟联合中毒27例2－11岁儿童和100日龄雄鸡实验3个月进行了动态观察。结果表明，骨软化伴 骨硬化的病人有22例，占81％；随着年龄增长，骨硬化渐渐突出；患儿全血钙、磷升高，血清Ca^2 正常范围偏高，血清P^5 下降。铝氟联合作用实验鸡性发育前、后全血钙一直较高，全血磷与血清Ca^2 、P^5 及其相关关系出现由高到低到高的交错变化；单独铝作用全血钙一直较高，碱到性成熟期下降，血清Ca^2 、P^5 一直较低。在性发育完成阶段，高铝可使类骨质矿化过度延迟，小幅度减少骨钙、磷含量，但骨部矿物元素和骨矿含量及骨密度不一定降低，甚至可小幅度升高，又有同软化；铝氟联合作用时类骨质矿化延迟时间仍过长，骨矿沉积率已高于对照，存在明显分离。氟可提高矿物元素含量，使骨矿化与骨硬化在骨组织不同层面茯结合成年病人的情况，认为铝氟联合 作用骨损害的表现与骨代谢速度及细胞生物化学和物理化学骨形成方式偏转的变化密切相关。     

基于铝氟配位反应的动力学-电位法对铝的测定

以氟离子选择性电极作指示电极,用动力学电位法对铝的测定进行了研究.在低pH条件下,铝氟反应E～t曲线的斜率△E/△t与铝的浓度cAl成正比.实验步骤为:第一步,根据铝的校正溶液与氟反应的△E/△t,作出△E/△t～cAl工作曲线;第二步,根据铝试液与氟反应的△E/△t,求出铝的浓度.合适的实验条件是:pH范围1～2;温度范围288～303 K;铝的浓度范围1×10-3～5×10-2mol/L;加入的氟的浓度范围5×10-4～5×10-2mol/L.此外,对动力学电位法测定铝的计算式进行了理论推导,对该法存在的问题、可以采取的措施及误差的分布进行了讨论.     

铝氟联合中毒大鼠骨、脑、血、尿中多元素含量动态检测

同批断乳两周的Wistar雄性大鼠59只,随机分为3个组,用同一病家的高岭土拌煤烘干与柴烘玉米加入配合饲料喂养.饲料含氟、铝3.9×10-6,12.4×10-6;107×10-6,40.4×10-6;212,66.8×10-6.实验11、20周分两批股动脉放血处死.检测了大鼠骨、脑、血、尿中多种元素.结果表明,血清钙一直较高,磷降低.实验11周,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组骨氟分别增高6、10倍,尿氟增高4、6倍;骨、脑、全血铝均随摄氟、铝量的增多而递减,尿铝递增.尿中其它元素多一直减少.骨中金属元素随骨铝的递减而递减.Ⅱ组全血锌显著下降.实验20周,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组骨氟是Ⅰ组的3.5和8.2倍,为实验11周时的58.1%和80.7%;尿氟是1.4和3倍.骨、脑铝随氟、铝摄入量的递增而递增,骨中金属元素含量也随之递增,骨磷降低.全血磷递增,锌均升高.本实验多元素含量由低向高变化的逆反过程与骨软化向硬化的病理转换相吻合;铝和氟彼此可影响对方的体内过程和在骨骼中的蓄积并引起多元素含量和相关性的显著变化.提示消化道内源性无机盐排泄过多;低龄动物的骨、脑对铝有排斥反应,但有铝危害表现.     

煤烘玉米铝氟联合中毒病区环境因素的调查

为探讨氟中毒重病区铝危害情况 ,给该病防治提供依据 ,在分析贵州已查明的 4个经骨X线诊断有骨软化或残留骨变形氟重病区病人血、尿、头发铝含量的同时 ,对相关环境和物质进行了调查和检测。各重病区均在一定的地理、地质环境中 ;主粮均为玉米 ,必须及时干燥 ,习惯用原煤或原煤加粘土烘干并长期烘炕 ,以防发芽、霉烂和回潮变质。原煤、拌煤粘土、沉积烟尘含氟量均很高 ,其烘炕的玉米氟含量增高数十倍到成百倍 ,达 42× 10 -6～ 13 5× 10 -6,铝增高数倍 ,达 3 2× 10 -6～ 5 5× 10 -6。不同煤质燃烧时厨房空气氟含量可相差数倍 ,玉米氟含量相差数倍到 10数倍 ,其食用人群有不同的病情。采取综合措施使玉米含氟 <10× 10 -6可避免铝危害的骨软化残废性畸形的发生     

非平衡态-恒电位配位滴定法同时测定铁和铝

以氟离子溶液作滴定剂，氟离子选择性电极作指示电极，在氟-铝反应没有达到平衡条件下通过恒电位配位滴定法同时测定了铁和铝。控制溶液的pH值为1．5，温度为25℃，硝酸钠离子强度调节剂浓度为0．1mol／L，反应时间为60s。在氟-铁反应达到平衡，但在氟-铝反应没有达到平衡的条件下，采集滴定数据。根据非平衡条件下，响应值的重现性，利用最小二乘法求出常数kFe、kAl及k0，进而计算出铁和铝的浓度。     

控制电位氟-金属离子配位滴定法同时测定铝和镓

1引言铝和镓作为同族元素,有很多相似的性质。对它们的同时测定,无论在理论上或在实际应用中,均有一定的意义。本实验以氟离子溶液作滴定剂,氟离子选择性电极作指示电极,利用氟铝及氟镓之间的配位反应及控制电位滴定法,对铝和镓的同时测定进行了研究。用氟离子溶液滴定铝离子和     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Homo- and copolymerizaton of norbornene and norbornene derivative with Ni- and Pd-based β-ketoiminato complexes and MAO

Neutral nickel(II) and palladium(II) complexes bearing β-ketoiminato ligand have been synthesized. The two complexes have been investigated as catalyst for the polymerization. Using methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a cocatalyst, both complexes produce vinyl-addition polynorbornenes, but palladium(II) complex displays much higher activity up to 8.0 × 10⁷ g/(molPd h). Furthermore, both Ni(II) and Pd(II)/MAO system can efficiently copolymerize norbornene and 5-norbornene-2-yl acetate (NB-OCOMe) in moderate yields and in relatively high molecular weights. The analyses of the product by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra give the verification of vinyl addition copolymer. The copolymers show narrow molecular weight distribution and good solubility in common organic solvents.