糖基胍的研究进展

许多含有糖基和胍基官能团的天然的及合成的化合物,都具有很强的生物活性,近年来引起研究者的极大兴趣。随着具有高活性的含有糖基和胍基天然产物不断被发现,糖基胍类化合物的合成方法也在不断地改进,包括嗜硫剂以及新型胍基化试剂的使用,使糖基胍类化合物的合成变得更加高效。本文对天然的及合成的糖基胍基化合物的结构及合成方法及其应用进行了较全面的阐述,并对该领域的发展方向提出了我们的看法。     

胍类化合物的制备及在有机合成中的应用

综述了胍类化合物的制备及其在有机合成中的应用，特别着重合成方法研究的 近期进展及在不对称合成中的应用。     

过渡金属催化合成胍类衍生物研究进展

胍(R1~NHC(=NR~2)NHR~3)为一类独特的三氮化合物,其结构单元广泛存在于天然产物和药物分子中.他们具有多样性生物活性,在药物和农药领域都有广泛应用;此外,其在有机合成和功能材料领域也有很高的应用价值.由于胍独特的结构和广泛的应用价值,其合成方法的研究已成为有机合成研究的一个热点.近年来不断有胍的新合成方法涌现,特别是高效的过渡金属催化合成方法.本文主要对近20年来发展的过渡金属催化构筑C—N键反应合成胍类化合物的方法进行综述,全面介绍各类胍化合物合成方法的研究现状,总结归纳不同过渡金属催化合成方法的规律、特点及不足,为过渡金属催化合成胍类化合物的研究提供帮助.     

过渡金属催化的成胍反应高效构建胍类衍生物

胍及其衍生物是一类很重要的含氮有机化合物,在医药、工农业中应用非常广泛.胍类化合物的合成最先通过各种胍基化试剂制得,近年来逐渐转向由胺与碳二亚胺经合适的催化剂直接制备成胍.系统综述了近十多年过渡金属催化胺与碳二亚胺的成胍反应直接构建非环胍和环状胍的催化机理、反应体系、底物范围及成胍产物的结构特点等.     

糖基取代的胍类化合物合成研究

胍基化合物有较强的生理活性,如抗高血压、降血糖、抗病毒、治疗爱滋病和抗癌等性能[1].近年来,含糖基的胍越来越受到制药工业的关注[2,3],糖基碎片的引入提高了胍类化合物的活性.以糖基异硫氰酸酯和2-氨基-4-取代苯基噻唑为原料,得到硫脲,再与伯胺在氯化汞存在下发生反应,合成了一系列糖基胍类化合物.     

苯并吡喃-4-脲、硫脲和氰胍类化合物的合成及其血管舒张活性

钾通道开放剂;苯并吡喃-4-脲、硫脲和氰胍类化合物的合成及其血管舒张活性     

4,6-二甲基-2-取代嘧啶的合成

采用改进的合成方法以乙酰丙酮分别与胍、硫脲、脲反应合成了三种2位杂原子取代的嘧啶类化合物，收率83．8％-98．6％，其结构经1^H NMR，IR和MS表征。     

胍类催化剂

胍类化合物是一种有机强碱，在生理条件下处于完全质子化状态，在催化有机酸碱反应时，催化性能明显优于无机碱和其它有机碱催化剂。此外，经修饰后的胍类化合物可以用于不对称催化；如果对其进行生理模拟，又可以用于酶催化反应。本文主要对胍类化合物所催化的反应进行介绍。     

胍基化合物研究进展

胍基官能团受到重视的原因在于它的生理活性,易于形成氢键,稳定性。在较大的pH范围内保持正电性,以及对碳酸酯、磷酸酯、金属的高度亲合性。这篇综述总结了胍类化合物在分子识别和药理作用、催化作用、金属络合及合成四方面的研究进展。     

酶催化合成酰胺类化合物的研究进展

酰胺官能团具有重要的药理作用，是许多生物活性物质的关键结构单元。据报道，超过25%的已知药物中含有酰胺键结构。研究与发展酰胺类化合物的高效合成方法始终是制药行业的重要任务之一。近年来，生物催化技术的发展为酰胺键的构建提供了一种较为经济绿色的合成方法，丰富了酰胺类化合物的合成策略。本文综述了生物酶催化合成酰胺类化合物的相关研究进展。      

Simple generalized reaction conditions for the conversion of primary aliphatic amines to surfactant-like guanidine salts with 1H-pyrazole carboxamidine hydrochloride

Improved reaction conditions for the electrophilic reaction between a free aliphatic amine and 1H-pyrazole carboxamidine have been discovered. The surfactant-like guanidine salts, which are often hard to work with, were obtained in decent yields with short reaction times, minimal workup, and high level of purity.     

Synthesis of marine guanidine alkaloids and their application as chemical/biological tools

Ptilomycalin A and crambescidins, novel marine guanidine alkaloids, have a unique pentacyclic guanidine structure, and exhibit a considerable array of biological activities. The first method developed for the synthesis of the pentacyclic guanidine core structure involved successive 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions and resulted in the first total synthesis of crambescidin 359. The synthesis of other pentacyclic guanidine derivatives has been based on this methodology and applied as tools for studying biological activities, and as chemical reaction catalysts.     

微波辐射下2-氨基苯并[h]喹唑啉衍生物的合成

2-芳亚甲基-3，4-二氢-2H-1（2H）-萘酮和碳酸胍在以乙二醇为溶剂、微波辐 射下反应，生成一系列新的2-氨基-4-芳基-5，6-二氢化苯并[h]喹啉衍生物，产物 的结构通过单晶X射线衍射分析确证。     

Total synthesis of (+)-batzelladine A and (-)-batzelladine D, and identification of their target protein

Asymmetric total synthesis of batzelladine A (1) and batzelladine D (2) has been achieved. Our synthesis of batzelladines features 1) stereoselective construction of the cyclic guanidine system by means of successive 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and subsequent cyclization, 2) direct esterification of the bicyclic carboxylic acid 35 with the guanidine alcohol 8 or 59 to construct the whole carbon skeleton of batzelladines, and 3) one-step formation of the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde 53 from the primary alcohol 47 with tetra-n-propylammoniumperruthenate (TPAP), providing an efficient route to the left-hand bicyclic guanidine alcohol of batzelladine A (1). With the synthetic compounds 1 and 2 in hand, their target protein was examined by using immobilized CD4 and gp120 affinity gels. The results indicated that batzelladines A (1) and D (2) bind specifically to CD4.     

A New Solution-phase Parallel Synthesis of 2-Alkylamino-3-aryl-5-phenylmethylene-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-ones

IntroductionImidazolonesareimportantheterocyclesbearingfungici dal,anti inflammotoryandangiotensinIIantagonisticalactiv ities.1 4 Someof 2 alkylaminoimidazolonesexhibitgoodan tibacterialactivities,5whereasothersshowpotentialantiviralandantitumoractivities.6 Untilnow ,manyofthenewderiva tivesofimidazoloneshavebeensynthesizedtoevaluatetheirbiologicalandpharmaceuticalactivities .Recently ,combinatorialsynthesisoflibrariescontainingsmallorganicmoleculeshasbecomearapidevolvingareaofresearch .7,8…     

全取代胍基衍生物的合成及其与核苷酸或丁二酸分子间相互作用研究

通过酰氯作为活性中间体与四甲基胍反应，制备出具有不同空间结构的新型胍基化合物，其结构经元素分析，IR，1HNR，EI－MS，HRMS等表征，并通过1HNMR初步研究了其中部分化合物与核苷酸及丁二酸的分子间相互作用，为进一步研究胍基与生命物质－蛋白质和核酸的特异性识别奠定了基础。     

2-氨基-4,6-二氯-5-甲酰氨基嘧啶的合成

以丙二酸二乙酯和盐酸胍为起始原料，经环合、亚硝化、还原、氯化、水解得到2-氨基4，6-二氯-5-甲酰氨基嘧啶，总收率20％，其结构经61HNMR和IR表征。     

Linking Conformational Flexibility and Kinetics: Catalytic 1,4‐Type Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Phenols Utilizing 1,3‐Diamine‐Tethered Guanidine/Bisthiourea Organocatalysts

Herein, we present details of our conformationally flexible, 1,3‐diamine‐tethered guanidine/bisthiourea organocatalysts for chemo‐, regio‐, and enantioselective 1,4‐type Friedel–Crafts reactions of phenols. These organocatalysts show a unique stereo‐discrimination governed by the differential activation entropy (ΔΔS^≠), rather than by the differential activation enthalpy (ΔΔH^≠). Extensive kinetic analyses using Eyring plots for a series of guanidine/bisthiourea organocatalysts revealed the key structural motif in the catalysts associated with a large magnitude of differential activation entropy (ΔΔS^≠). A plausible guanidine–thiourea cooperative mechanism for the enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction is proposed.     

Guanidine methacrylate and methacryloyl guanidine hydrochloride: Synthesis and polymerization

New methods for the preparation of guanidine methacrylate, methacryloyl guanidine, and its hydrochloride have been proposed, and the physicochemical characteristics of the products have been studied. A number of kinetic parameters of the radical polymerization of these monomers have been determined (the rate and the rate constant in the initial section as well as the order of the reaction rate with respect to the concentration of the initiator for methacryloyl guanidine hydrochloride). It has been found that the classical general rules are followed: The conversion increases with an increase in temperature, while the characteristic viscosity decreases. The main NMR spectroscopic parameters of polymethacryloyl guanidine hydrochloride have been determined. According to preliminary biological tests, polymers have sufficiently high bactericidal activity and can be used as stand-alone biocidal preparations or as functional additives in composite materials.     

Efficient and Facile Three-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of 2-Amine-4,6-diarylpyrimidine Under Solvent-Free Conditions

An efficient and convenient multicomponent reaction for the preparation of 2-amine-4,6-diarylpyrimidine by aromatic aldehydes, aromatic ketones, and guanidine carbonate in the presence of sodium hydroxide under solvent-free conditions is reported. The short reaction time coupled with the simplicity of the reaction procedure make this method one of the most efficient methods for the synthesis of this class of compounds.