Pd/γ-Al2O3三效催化剂中CeO2助剂的作用

 研究了以浸渍法制备的以氧化铈为助剂的Pd／CeO2－Al2O3催化剂,对丙烯和一氧化碳氧化及一氧化氮还原反应的三效催化活性．主要考察了钯及CeO2助剂含量对催化剂三效转化活性的影响,并对部分催化剂进行了X射线光电子能谱（XPS）及氧饱和吸附后NO吸附的程序升温脱附－质谱（TPD－MS）表征．结果表明,在Pd含量（不大于1．0％）较低时,增加Pd含量可明显提高催化剂的活性．适量的CeO2能使Pd催化剂具有较好的热稳定性及富氧条件下的转化活性,过量的CeO2会降低催化剂的热稳定性．CeO2助剂使Pd／CeO2－Al2O3催化剂中的Pd2＋较易被还原为Pd0,并促进Pd上NO的解离吸附．     

Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.15La0.05Oδ整体催化剂甲苯催化燃烧性能的研究

采用一次浸渍法分别制备了 Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.15La0.05Oδ及Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2整体式蜂窝陶瓷催化剂,考察了不同温度焙烧的两类整体催化剂甲苯催化燃烧性能.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、比表面积、拉曼光谱(Raman)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、PdO分散度等表征结果与催化活性进行关联.结果表明,随着焙烧温度升高,催化剂比表面积下降,Raman图谱CeO2及PdO峰强度增加,H2-TPR中Ce4+还原峰向高温方向移动,同时PdO分散度下降,相应甲苯催化氧化活性下降.与CeO0.8Zr0.2O2涂层催化剂相比,La3+掺杂催化剂在高温焙烧时,其比表面积下降较小,Raman光谱表明其氧缺位比铈锆涂层催化剂多,H2TPR谱图中Ce4+还原峰低约60～80℃,PdO分散度亦比末掺杂催化剂高.1000℃焙烧下的甲苯氧化反应活性远高于未掺杂催化剂,说明镧的掺杂提高了铈锆涂层催化剂的高温反应活性及热稳定性.     

铈改性NaZSM-5分子筛担载Pd催化剂上CO氧化性能研究

以浸渍法制备了一系列添加CeO2的Pd-Ce/NaZSM-5负载型催化剂．以C0氧化为 模型反应，考察了反应温度、Ce含量、预还原、空速及水蒸气等对C0氧化性能的影 响，并利用XIlD和朋等手段对催化剂体相及表面结构进行了表征．结果表明：加入 CeO2作助剂可明显提高催化剂的活性，且催化转化率随着反应温度及Ce含量的增加 而增加；随着空速的增加而降低；催化剂对水蒸气不敏感，在水蒸气存在的条件下 反应可连续进行720h以上保持C0完全转化；H2预还原作用使催化剂活性有所提高． XRD测试结果表明，催化剂中Pd组分处于高分散状态，Ceob的引入促进了N物种在 NaZSM—5载体上的分散．表面XPS分析证实催化剂表面Pd物种处于较高的氧化状态 ，且CeO2与Pd物种间存在协同作用．Pd的高分散及其与CeO2的相互作用是催化剂具 有高活性的关键．     

铈改性NaZSM-5分子筛担载Pd催化剂上CO氧化性能研究

以浸渍法制备了一系列添加CeO2的Pd-Ce/NaZSM-5负载型催化剂．以C0氧化为 模型反应，考察了反应温度、Ce含量、预还原、空速及水蒸气等对C0氧化性能的影 响，并利用XIlD和朋等手段对催化剂体相及表面结构进行了表征．结果表明：加入 CeO2作助剂可明显提高催化剂的活性，且催化转化率随着反应温度及Ce含量的增加 而增加；随着空速的增加而降低；催化剂对水蒸气不敏感，在水蒸气存在的条件下 反应可连续进行720h以上保持C0完全转化；H2预还原作用使催化剂活性有所提高． XRD测试结果表明，催化剂中Pd组分处于高分散状态，Ceob的引入促进了N物种在 NaZSM—5载体上的分散．表面XPS分析证实催化剂表面Pd物种处于较高的氧化状态 ，且CeO2与Pd物种间存在协同作用．Pd的高分散及其与CeO2的相互作用是催化剂具 有高活性的关键．     

CeO2和La2O3改性Pd/γ-Al2O3甲醇低温分解催化剂的研究 Ⅱ. La2O3对Pd/CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构和性能的影响

 在Pd／CeO2／γ－Al2O3中进一步添加La2O3,并考察了其催化甲醇分解性能．结果表明：La2O3的加入抑制了副产物二甲醚的生成;随着La2O3含量的增加,催化剂活性先降低后升高,w（La2O3）＝10％时甲醇转化率达到极大值（约91．4％）．XRD,BET,NH3－TPD,XPS,H2－TPR和FT－IR等表征结果表明：La2O3自身在γ－Al2O3载体上的分散性很好,并且促进了CeO2在γ－Al2O3载体上的分散及其体相氧的还原,使Pd的分散度进一步提高,并使Pd和CeO2之间的相互作用进一步增强,从而提高了催化剂催化甲醇分解的活性．     

第二组分对Au/CeO2催化剂甲醇部分氧化性能的影响

本文研究了Pd、Pt、Ru和Ag对Au/CeO2催化剂以及Pd含量对Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂甲醇部分氧化性能的影响,并运用XRD、TPD和TPR等手段对Au/CeO2和Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Pd和Pt的加入能提高Au/CeO2催化剂的活性,而Ru和Ag的加入效果正好相反.不同的Au/Pd比对Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂的活性和H2选择性的影响不同,其中Au/Pd=60:40的效果最好,因为Au60Pd40/CeO2催化剂形成的富Au型AuxPdy较多,甲醇的吸附温度较低和对反应产物H2的吸附较少.     

CeO2-TiO2混合氧化物及Pd/CeO2-TiO2催化剂的氧化还原性能

 以溶胶-凝胶-超临界流体干燥法制备了CeO2-TiO2混合氧化物(n(Ce)/n(Ti)=0.05～0.40),以其为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备了Pd/CeO2-TiO2催化剂. XRD分析结果表明,在低Ce/Ti比的CeO2-TiO2混合氧化物中,CeO2高度分散于TiO2上; Ce/Ti比高于0.10时,大晶粒锐钛矿相TiO2和TiO2-CeO2固溶体或其前驱体无定形相共存. 采用H2-TPR对所合成材料的氧化还原性能进行了研究. H2-TPR谱中500 ℃附近的耗氢峰对应于CeO2-TiO2中CeO2的还原,还原过程中不存在表面晶格氧与体相晶格氧的差别. 由于TiO2与CeO2的协同作用,混合氧化物中形成了丰富的结构缺陷,提高了CeO2的氧化还原性能,其中Ce/Ti比为0.20时TiO2与CeO2的协同作用最显著. 负载上Pd后,载体中CeO2的还原温度(＜150 ℃)大大降低,同时随着Ce/Ti比的增大,PdO与载体间的相互作用增强,导致PdO难于还原,相应的H2-TPR还原峰向高温方向移动.     

氧化还原预处理对一氧化碳低温氧化Pd/CeO2-TiO2催化剂性能的影响

研究了氧化还原预处理对溶胶-凝胶法制备的CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物负载Pd催化剂上CO低温氧化性能的影响，并对催化剂的稳定性进行了考察。H2-TPR结果表明，83 ℃的耗氢峰是PdO和载体中CeO2共同还原的结果，高温还原后Pd与载体之间相互作用加强。经高温氧化(500 ℃)低温还原(150 ℃)预处理的催化剂CO低温氧化活性最好，在反应气组成为0.5% CO＋1.6% O2＋6.0%N2＋Ar，空速为30 000 mL·g－1·h－1，程序升温反应显示CO完全转化温度为48 ℃，这种预处理方式能够形成适宜的载体与金属间相互作用。稳定性实验在室温下进行，反应气组成为0.6% CO＋14.7% O2+55.3％N2＋Ar，Pd/CeO2-TiO2催化剂具有较好的低温反应稳定性，100%CO转化率可持续12 h。     

助剂CeO2对Co/Al2O3催化剂上F-T合成反应性能的影响

 在用于F－T合成的Co／Al2O3催化剂中加入少量助剂,能够提高CO转化率和C5＋烃选择性．主要考察了助剂CeO2添加量和催化剂焙烧温度等因素对F－T合成反应的影响,并通过程序升温还原、程序升温氧化及X射线衍射等手段对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明,在Co／Al2O3催化剂中加入少量CeO2（n（Ce）／n（Co）＝0．1～0．14）,能够有效提高催化剂的催化活性和C5＋烃选择性;焙烧温度则以相反的趋势控制F－T反应活性和链增长几率;助剂的加入降低了催化剂的起始还原温度,改善了催化剂的还原性能．但是,催化剂的积碳量有所增加,经10h反应后,催化剂上存在两种类型的积碳．     

Pd/CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3催化剂上甲烷燃烧及TPR/TPO性能研究

考察了Ce-Zr复合氧化物的添加对Al2O3负载Pd催化剂的甲烷燃烧性能的影响，并利用XRD，TPR，TPO技术对Pd／CexZr1-xO2／Al2O3体系催化剂的物相结构及氧化还原性能进行了研究。结果表明，Ce-Zr复合氧化物的添加抑制了氧化铝载体的。相变并提高了PdO的分解温度，从而提高了催化剂的耐热稳定性。催化剂经高温1100℃焙烧老化后，由于Ce-Zr复合氧化物的存在促进了表面PdO物种的还原，从而提高了甲烷的催化燃烧活性（T20％和T90％值降低），其中Pd／Ce0.2Zr0.8O2／Al2O3催化剂具有最好的催化活性及热稳定性。     

Direct detection of a phase change in PdO/CeO2 supported on chi-Al2O3 by means of in situ high-temperature measurements of XRD and FTIR.

Phase changes between PdO and Pd metal can be directly detected in PdO/CeO2 catalysts supported on chi-Al2O3 by means of in situ high-temperature measurements of X-ray diffraction and FT-IR in relation to the catalytic activity for the methane oxidation of microcrystalline PdO. Reversible changes in the solid phases are observed from PdO to Pd and Pd to PdO under O2-deficient and O2-excess atmospheres, respectively. Nanosizes of PdO and Pd crystallites, the distorted PdO crystal structure along the (110) plane, and also a distorted Pd metal crystal structure along the (200) plane as well as the large surface area elucidate the high catalytic activity for the methane oxidation of PdO/CeO2 catalysts prepared with an atomic ratio of Pd:Ce = 1:1.     

Characterization of trimetallic Pt-Pd-Au/CeO2 catalysts combinatorial designed for methane total oxidation

In the present work, the role and the effect of platinum and gold on the catalytic performance of ceria supported tri-metallic Pt-Pd-Au catalysts have been studied. The optimum composition of these tri-metallic supported catalysts has been discovered using methods and tools of combinatorial catalyst library design. Detailed catalytic, spectroscopic and physico-chemical characterization of catalysts in the vicinity of the optimum in the given compositional space has been performed. The temperature-programmed oxidation of methane revealed that the addition of Pt and Au to Pd/CeO2 catalyst resulted in higher conversion values in the whole investigated temperature range compared to the monometallic Pd catalyst. The time-on-stream experiments provided further evidence for the high-stability of tri-metallic catalysts compared to the monometallic one. Kinetic studies revealed the stronger adsorption of methane on Pt-Pd/CeO2 catalysts than over Pd/CeO2. XPS analysis showed that Pt and Au stabilize Pd in a more reduced form even under condition of methane oxidation. FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO and hydrogen TPD measurements provided indirect evidences for alloying of Pt and Au with Pd. CO chemisorption data indicated that tri-metallic catalysts have increased accessible metallic surface area. It is suggested that advantageous catalytic properties of tri-metallic Pt-Au-Pd/CeO2 catalysts compared to the monometallic one can be attributed to (i) suppression of the formation of ionic forms of Pd(II), (ii) reaching an optimum ratio between Pd0 and PdO species, and (iii) stabilization of Pd in high dispersion. The results also indicate that Pd0 - PdO ensemble sites are required for methane activation.     

Low-temperature CO oxidation over CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts：Effect of CeO2 content and carrier porosity

The effects of CeO2 contents and silica carder porosity with their pore diameters ranging from 5.2 nm to 12.5 nm of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts in CO oxidation were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption at low temperature, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR), oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results suggested that, the ceria content and the porosity of SiO2 carder possessed great impacts on the structures and catalytic performances of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts. When appropriate content of CeO2(Ce content ≤8 wt%) was added, the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced. In the catalyst supported on silica carrier with larger pore diameter, higher dispersion of CuO was observed, better agglomeration-resistant capacity was displayed and more lattice oxygen could be found, thus the CuO-CeO2 supported on Si-1 showed higher catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation.     

还原剂对Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂甲醇部分氧化性能的影响

以PVP为保护剂,乙醇(ER)、乙二醇(GR)和水合肼(HR)为还原剂制备了一系列Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂,考察了还原剂对甲醇部分氧化性能的影响,并运用XRD、TPD和TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Au-Pd/CeO2(ER)催化剂具有较大的比表面积,形成的AuxPdy量较多、粒径较小、分散度较高、活性组分与载体的相互作用较强,同时对甲醇的吸附量较大和吸附温度较低。因此,该催化剂具有较高的催化活性和氢气选择性以及较低的CO质量分数。     

Pd/CexZr1-xO2/SiO2催化剂的制备及其甲烷催化燃烧性能的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Pd质量分数为0.1%~1.0%的Pd/SiO2和Pd/5%CexZr1-xO2/SiO2（x0.0~1.0）系列催化剂，在微型固定床反应器上对催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能进行了评价，用XRD、H2-TPR等分析测试技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征。结果表明，Pd/SiO2和Pd/CexZr1-xO2/SiO2催化剂都具有较好的甲烷催化燃烧活性，CexZr1-xO2可以明显提高催化剂的催化活性，并且Ce和Zr的比值对催化剂催化活性也有显著的影响。XRD和TPR显示，Pd/CexZr1-xO2/SiO2催化剂中的CexZr1-xO2对PdO的分散性和还原性有较好的促进作用。     

Low-temperature CO oxidation over CuO-CeO_2/SiO_2 catalysts:Effect of CeO_2 content and carrier porosity

The effects of CeO2 contents and silica carrier porosity with their pore diameters ranging from 5.2 nm to 12.5 nm of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 cata-lysts in CO oxidation were investigated.The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption at low temperature,X-ray diffraction (XRD),temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR),oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results suggested that,the ceria content and the porosity of SiO2 carrier possessed great impacts on the structures and catalytic performances of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts.When appropriate content of CeO2 (Ce content 8 wt%) was added,the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced.In the catalyst supported on silica carrier with larger pore diameter,higher dispersion of CuO was observed,better agglomeration-resistant capacity was displayed and more lattice oxygen could be found,thus the CuO-CeO2 supported on Si-1 showed higher catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation.     

Pt-CeO2/SiO2催化剂用于室温湿空气中CO氧化反应

开发室温CO氧化催化剂的主要挑战是CO自中毒和慢的表面动力学,同时湿气的存在也可导致催化剂失活.本文开发了高活性CeO2促进的Pt基催化剂4%Pt-12%CeO2/SiO2,用于室温湿气(湿度10%?90%,25°C)中CO氧化反应,在低CO浓度(<500 ppm)和高CO浓度(>2500 ppm)时,CO转化率高于99%.优化了催化剂制备变量,如Pt和CeO2负载量、CeO2沉积方法、CeO2和Pt前驱体的干燥和焙烧条件.采用CO/H2化学吸附、O2-H2滴定、X射线衍射和BET比表面积测定表征了催化剂的表面特性,并将其与催化剂活性相关联.结果表明,CeO2沉积方法对催化剂活性影响显著,当用浸渍法沉积CeO2时,所得催化剂的反应速率(5.77μmol/g/s)比用沉积沉淀法(1.96μmol g?1 s?1)或CeO2嫁接法(1.31μmol g?1 s?1)制得催化剂的高3倍.O2-H2滴定结果表明,当用浸渍法沉积CeO2时,CeO2和Pt的紧密结合导致了催化剂的高活性.催化剂载体的选择也非常重要,硅胶负载的催化剂活性(5.77μmol g?1 s?1)是氧化铝负载的(1.05μmol g?1 s?1)5倍.当反应受内扩散控制时,催化剂载体的粒径和孔结构影响非常大.另外,CeO2和Pt前驱体的干燥和焙烧条件对催化剂活性的影响至关重要.当Pt和CeO2含量分别大于2.5和15 wt%时,所得催化剂在室温条件下活性高(TOF>0.02 s?1),稳定性好(反应15 h,CO转化率≥99%).     

Catalytic methanol decomposition to carbon monoxide and hydrogen over Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3 with different Ce/Zr molar ratios

The catalytic behaviors of Pd (1.4 wt%) catalysts supported on CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3 mixed oxides with different Ce/Zr molar ratios were investigated for methanol decomposition. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Pd dispersion analysis were used for their characterization. Pd/Ce0.76Zr0.18 La0.06 O1.97 catalyst showed the highest BET surface area, best Pd dispersion capability and strongest metal-support interaction. Moreover, XPS showed that there was lattice defect oxygen or mobile oxygen. According to the result of O 1s measurements the lattice defect oxygen or mobile oxygen helped to maintain Pd in a partly oxidized state and increased the activity for methanol decomposition. The Pd/Ce0.76Zr0.18La0.06O1.97 catalyst exhibited the best activity. A 100% conversion of methanol was achieved at around 260℃, which was about 20-40 ℃ lower than other catalysts     

Pt/Al2O3和Pt/CeO2/Al2O3催化甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应

研究了Pt/Al₂O₃和Pt/CeO₂/Al₂O₃对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的催化活性,发现Pt/CeO₂/Al₂O₃显示了更高的甲烷转化率和合成气选择性.用H₂-TPR、H₂-TPD、SEM-EDX和XRD等技术对催化剂进行了表征.CeO₂和Pt相互作用促进Pt在催化剂表面的分散,抑制Pt在催化剂表面的迁移;降低了催化剂的燃烧活性,提高了催化剂的部分氧化活性和选择性,可避免因催化剂床层局部温度过高而导致催化剂活性下降或失活,提高了催化剂的稳定性.同时,CeO₂通过促进水汽变换反应使反应体系迅速达到平衡,提高了催化剂对H₂的选择性.     

负载型Pd三效催化剂：载体CeO2-ZrO2-BaO的制备及催化性能

制备了不同BaO含量的CeO2-ZrO2储氧材料,并以此材料为载体浸渍H2PdCl6制得三效催化剂.结果表明,不论新鲜还是1 000 ℃老化状态下,以10%BaO添加CeO2-ZrO2储氧材料制备的Pd三效催化剂活性最佳,起燃和完全转化温度最低.XPS结果证实,10%BaO添加.通过稳定PdO活性组分并改变其电子环境使得催化剂有最佳活性.而随着BaO含量持续增加,Pd活件组分相对处于较氧化状态.储氧量、低温N2吸附-脱附测试以及XRD测试结果均表明10%BaO添加的材料储氧量,比表面积以及孔容均最大,而且有适应三效催化的孔径.这些结果均有助于以其制备的Pd三效催化剂获得更好的活性以及热稳定性.