溶液酸度在线检测装置的研制

研制了酸度在线检测装置，并应用于溶液酸度在线检测，溶液酸度在线检测装置，设有防污过滤器，自动采样器，蠕动泵，小型管道ｐＨ传感器和控制电路等，其特点为防污除油，随机自动采样，定时检测，全部管道化，可单独使用和计算机控制系统联网，适用于溶液酸在线分析，测定精度〈ｐＨ０．０５。     

一种智能型钴自动分析仪的研制

系统地介绍了一种用于溶液中钴含量测定的智能型自动分析仪器，其化学分析依据工业上常用的钴的国标分析法－亚硝基R盐光度法。通过机械传动部分和单片机系统将整个分析过程智能化、自动化，从采样到信号处理和结果输出均为自动完成，并且提供分析过程中参数的可调功能，整机采用梯形构架，操作简便实用。     

硅酸根自动监测仪

本实用新型是指一种硅酸根自动监测仪，它属于检测水质的化学分析仪表。其化学分析采用化学发光法；液路装置分为取水样系统和加药系统；电测装置由光电倍增管和微机系统组成。仪表的定量取水样采用了定量杯形式的化验杯，并将控制进水口、排水口和定量口的各电磁阀设计在杯体上。仪表的定量加药采用针阀浮子机构或电磁薄膜泵来维持蓄药池的液面恒定的液位差原理。     

物理化学实验课表自动生成系统的研制

物理化学实验课表自动生成系统的研制张震张正阳肖士民（华南理工大学应用化学系广州５１０６４１）物理化学实验课是面对全校化学化工及有关机械类专业所开设的一门基础课，它是物化课程的一个重要教学环节，目前全校有１０多个专业（班）需要上物化实验课，全年约有１０...     

基于EDXRF的铁精矿品位、水分在线分析系统的应用

采用基于能量色散X射线荧光（EDXRF）的铁精矿品位、水分在线分析系统在攀钢矿业公司选矿厂对Fe、H2O进行实时分析。结果表明，该分析系统满足对铁精矿中Fe及H2O的分析要求。     

Excel VBA在化学分析质量控制中的应用

采用Excel VBA开发了化学分析质量控制图系统。用VBA语言编制出质控图生成、判定程序,再利用Excel内置图表功能将所有的质控图像显示在操作界面。该系统可对录入的原始数据进行审查并自动生成质量控制图表,在日常的质控活动时可以自动判定所分析的质控样结果是否满足质量控制要求。该系统的判定结果与理论统计结果一致。     

微型全分析系统

系统阐述了分析化学新兴研究领域微型全化学分析系统（μ－ＴＡＳ）的概念和原理,并对其应用现状及发展趋势进行了综述。     

水中油荧光在线测量系统研究

针对污水中石油类污染物的荧光特性和石油类污染物浓度之间关系,采用在线荧光光谱技术构建一个自动萃取式水中油荧光测量系统,实现对污水中石油类污染物含量的检测。测试结果表明:本系统可实现对污水中石油类污染物的自动检测;与传统的检测方式相比,本系统省去了取样和人工萃取等环节,可实现污水中石油类污染物的在线测量;针对该系统的测量误差,测试结果表明其满量程平均误差为1.8%,满足测量要求;针对系统的稳定性,测试结果表明其相对误差为1.8%。该测量系统可用于石油开采、石油炼制以及冶金等行业含油污水的在线检测。     

碳酸盐含量自动分析仪的性能测试

作者采用库仑滴定原理，利用光电转换、微机控制电解终点，研制了一台碳酸盐含量自动分析仪。本文介绍了有关仪器性能测试方面的工作，包括对碳酸盐标样（９９．９９％的优级纯ＣａＣＯ３）的测试，准确度达０．０８％，精密度为０．８７％；并与定容测压方法进行了比较，本仪器对油田、沉积物样品进行的测试表明具有分析准确度高、分析速度快、用样量少、自动化程度高等优点。适合在石油、沉积、矿床及第四纪等领域应用。     

HGZ－Ⅱ型自动辉光放电光源的研制

在仔细研辉光放电光源工作过程的基础上，在国内首先设计、制成了ＨＧＺ－Ⅱ型自动辉光放电光源。该光源除换样品外，实现了抽空、进气、对光、预燃、曝光、充气、复位等摄谱全过程的自动控制。有水压、真空度、短路保护措施和醒铃线路。设计合理，性能良好，操作简便，工作安全，可靠。程控部分的编排包括顺序控制。时序控制和条件控制。由于使用了通用执行元、器件，降低了成本，提高了耐用性。为满足表层，逐层分析的需要，还专门设计了计数电路。供电源实现了高压直流供电和脉冲供电。该光源可应用于合金中主成分和少量杂质分析及金属、合金表层，逐层成分分析。     

Prediction of partition coefficients in ternary liquid-liquid systems as a function of the phase system composition by factor analysis for

The measured partition data of 26 steroids for six different compositions of ternary liquid-liquid systems consisting of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, ethanol and water are used in calculations of partition data for new phase system compositions. It was possible to reproduce the original data and to verify new experimental data by this calculation with high accuracy. Calculations were done in three ways. In the first, non-linear regression of the partition coefficients as a function of the phase system composition was examined. With this classical approach it is possible to calculate the values of the partition coefficients, solute by solute, with good accuracy. In the second approach, principal component factor analysis was used. The phase system-specific factors for further phase system compositions were calculated with a non-linear regression of these factors on the phase system composition. In combination with the solute-specific factors, the values of the partition coefficients for all solutes in any phase system composition could be predicted with excellent accuracy. In the third approach, target transformation factor analysis was applied. A relationship between the partition coefficient and the phase system composition was established on the basis of either the phase system composition itself or a simple function of it. This method also gave very accurate predictions of known and unknown partition coefficients.     

Wide area access to central corporate spectroscopic databases

Summary The reasons for the choice of a corporate spectroscopic datasystem are presented. In some companies research is spread world-wide. This leads to the need to design the system for wide area network operations. The system in ICI is an example of such a system, and some of the design considerations for the ICI system are presented.     

Constant infusion system of 15O labeled-water

The quantitative measurement of regional blood flow and regional extravascular lung water, called for a design of 15O labeled water production and administration under continuous and constant flow. In our search for simple methodology, suitable for clinical routine facilities, two remote-controlled systems were designed and their applicability for continuous and constant infusion of H215O were tested. In system (A), H215O was prepared from C15O2 based on the fast exchange reaction between carbon dioxide and carbonic acid. In the system (B), the reaction of 15O2 with H2 using palladium as a catalyst was adopted. In the both systems, the radioactivity level of the infusate was kept constant by using a buffer reservoir. Clinical applicability of both fully automated systems for the production of sterile H215O at a continuous and constant rate was discussed. Namely, system (A), being very simple seems more suitable for any closely located facility but system (B) is more suited for the production of higher radioactivity.     

On‐line determination of 4‐nitrophenol by combining molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction and fiber‐optic spectrophotometry

In the present paper, we describe a new on‐line SPE system where molecular imprinting, fiber‐optic detection and flow injection analysis were combined for the first time. This new system has been applied for the on line detection of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP). Initially, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have been prepared for the selective extraction of 4‐NP using 4‐vinylpyridine and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as functional and cross‐linking monomers, respectively. Selective extraction was achieved using the designed MIP with 97% of recovery on imprinted polymer and 10% on control polymer. The system provided a high degree of accuracy, with RSDs varying between 0.7 and 1.39%. In respect of accuracy, reproducibility, and rapidity, this system is comparable with HPLC. In short, the system allows simple, fast, and accurate analyte determination with the possibility of future automation.     

构建化学实验教学新体系,培养创新创业人才

基于创新创业型人才培养的需要,针对当前化学化工专业大学生实验教学中的能力培养问题,通过实验教学内容与科学研究和生产应用互动,构建了化学实验教学新体系,将训练实验技能、训练知识转移能力、训练创新创业意识等环节相互融合、相互支撑,从课内延伸到课外,做到大学四年创新创业训练不断线,并在本科生的实验教学过程中进行了实施,取得了良好的教学效果。     

A White cell type multiple reflection system for tropospheric research

Summary A White cell type multiple reflection system (MRS) for long path absorption measurements is reported which makes use of the reinjection technique. The set-up of this MRS system was optimized by model calculations and compared with other suggested designs in field measurements. In pilot tests the performance of the system and the applicability to troposheric measurements were tested. Using a 6 m mirror system an absorption path length of 1.2 km was realized under field condition just despite of the open path set-up. No problems with atmospheric fluctuations affected the measurements for the chosen path length. In the laboratory an optical path length of 2.5 km was achieved. Thus, this MRS design is very interesting for applications both inside and outside the laboratory.     

Two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations of a polydisperse colloidal dispersion composed of ferromagnetic particles for the case of no external magnetic field

We have investigated the aggregation phenomena in a polydisperse colloidal dispersion composed of ferromagnetic particles by means of the cluster-moving Monte Carlo method. The results have been compared with those for a monodisperse system. The internal structures of aggregates have been analyzed in terms of the radial distribution function in order to clarify the quantitative differences in the internal structures of clusters. In addition, the cluster size distribution and angular distribution function have been investigated. The results obtained in the present study are summarized as follows. In a monodisperse system, open necklacelike clusters are formed and they extend with increasing strength of the magnetic particle-particle interaction. In a polydisperse system with a small standard deviation in the particle size distribution, sigma=0.2, larger necklacelike clusters are formed and some looplike clusters can also be observed. In a polydisperse system with a larger standard deviation, sigma=0.35, clumplike clusters are formed for a weak magnetic particle-particle interaction. For a stronger magnetic interaction, larger size clusters that exhibit a complicated network structure are formed. These complicated cluster formations found in a polydisperse system are mainly due to the effect of the presence of larger particles.     

Entropy production in a mesoscopic chemical reaction system with oscillatory and excitable dynamics

Stochastic thermodynamics of chemical reaction systems has recently gained much attention. In the present paper, we consider such an issue for a system with both oscillatory and excitable dynamics, using catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on the surface of platinum crystal as an example. Starting from the chemical Langevin equations, we are able to calculate the stochastic entropy production P along a random trajectory in the concentration state space. Particular attention is paid to the dependence of the time-averaged entropy production P on the system size N in a parameter region close to the deterministic Hopf bifurcation (HB). In the large system size (weak noise) limit, we find that P ～ N(β) with β = 0 or 1, when the system is below or above the HB, respectively. In the small system size (strong noise) limit, P always increases linearly with N regardless of the bifurcation parameter. More interestingly, P could even reach a maximum for some intermediate system size in a parameter region where the corresponding deterministic system shows steady state or small amplitude oscillation. The maximum value of P decreases as the system parameter approaches the so-called CANARD point where the maximum disappears. This phenomenon could be qualitatively understood by partitioning the total entropy production into the contributions of spikes and of small amplitude oscillations.     

CORRECTION FACTORS IN CALCULATING ABSORBED LIGHT INTENSITIES

Abstract— A semi-rigorous treatment for errors involved in correcting absorbed light intensities based on measurement of transmitted intensities is given. Several common systems are discussed: vapour system with a vapour actinometer, vapour system with a liquid actinometer, and liquid system with a liquid actinometer. In each case, correction factors have been calculated, which can be conveniently applied to the majority of quantitative photochemical systems. In addition, a treatment is given for the case where a separate cell containing the actinometer is used in place of a photodiode.     

An Expert System for EPMA

 Experimental parameters for an electron microprobe are numerous and their choice influence the quality and accuracy of the analysis results. The expert system intends to optimise the choice of every parameter as well as to automate the stages of a quantitative analysis for all kinds of materials. In short, the expert system aims to master the accuracy of results and to control the time of analysis. The starting point of the expert system is an interactive questionnaire about the sample and about the expectations of the analysis (the accuracy of the result and/or the duration of the analysis). Then, the expert system makes a semi-quantitative analysis on the sample. It gives the sample composition in a first approximation. This is necessary for the expert system to optimise all the parameters for an accurate quantitative analysis. Each parameter is modelled by a specific algorithm. The expert system selects the parameters by minimising, at every stage, the statistical error generated by the algorithm. In this way, it operates in a sufficiently independent way to create a quantitative analysis configuration adapted to an unknown sample. The expert system employs the usual methods of quantification but the results are obtained in half the time. Moreover, the accuracy of the result is guaranted by the statistical error calculation as the expert system is running.